一、常用资源类型
1.工作负载类型
RC ReplicaController
RS ReplicaSet
DP Deployment
DS DaemonSet
2.服务发现及负载均衡
Service
Ingress
3.配置与存储资源
ConfigMap 存储配置文件
Secret 存储用户字典
4.集群级别资源
Namespace
Node
Role
ClusterRole
RoleBinding
ClusterRoleBinding
二、资源配置清单
1.创建资源的方法
apiserver仅能接受json格式的资源定义
yaml格式提供的清单，apiserver可以自动将其转换为json格式再提交
2.资源清单介绍
查看资源清单所需字段
kubectl explain pod
资源清单字段介绍
apiVersion: v1 #属于k8s哪一个API版本或组
kind: Pod #资源类型
metadata: #元数据，嵌套字段
spec: #定义容器的规范，创建的容器应该有哪些特性
status: #只读的，由系统控制，显示当前容器的状态
json嵌套
{ 1级：
{ 2级：
{ 3级：Value
}
}
}
3.查看资源清单嵌套的命令
kubectl explain pod
kubectl explain pod.spec
kubectl explain pod.spec.volumes
4.使用命令行创建一个pod
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:alpine
kubectl get pod -o wide
5.将刚才创建的pod配置到处成yaml格式
kubectl get pod -o yaml > nginx-pod.yaml
精简资源清单，删掉不需要的配置
cat nginx-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:alpine
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
json格式写法：
{
apiVersion: "v1",
kind: "Pod",
metadata:
{
name: "nginx",
labels:
{
app: "nginx"
}
}
spec:
{
containers:
{
name: "nginx",
image: "nginx:alpine",
imagePullPolicy: "IfNotPresent"
}
}
}
删除命令行创建的资源
kubectl delete deployments.apps nginx
应用资源配置清单
kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yaml
查看pod信息
kubectl get pod -o wide
查看pod详细信息
kubectl describe pod nginx
三、查看node标签
Node打标签
1.查看node的标签
kubectl get node --show-labels
2.给node打标签
kubectl label nodes node2 CPU=Xeon
kubectl label nodes node3 disktype=ssd
3.编辑POD资源配置清单，使用node标签选择器
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:1.14.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
nodeSelector:
#CPU: Xeon
disktype: SSD
4.删除容器重新创建
kubectl delete pod nginx
kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yaml
5.查看结果
kubectl get pod -o wide
6.删除节点标签
kubectl label nodes node2 CPU-
kubectl label nodes node3 disktype-
四、pod容器打标签
查看pod标签
1.标签说明
一个标签可以给多个POD使用
一个POD也可以拥有多个标签
2.查看POD标签
kubectl get pod --show-labels
3.添加标签方法
方法1:直接编辑资源配置清单：
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
release: beta
----------------------
方法2:命令行打标签
kubectl label pods nginx release=beta
kubectl label pods nginx job=linux
kubectl get pod --show-labels
4.删除标签
kubectl label pod nginx job-
kubectl get pod --show-labels
5.实验: 生成2个POD，打上不同的标签，然后根据标签选择
kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx:1.14.0
kubectl get pod --show-labels
kubectl label pods nginx-xxxxxxxx release=stable
kubectl get pod --show-labels
根据标签查看
kubectl get pods -l release=beta --show-labels
kubectl get pods -l release=stable --show-labels
根据标签删除
kubectl delete pod -l app=nginx
五、实战操作步骤：
[root@node1 ~]# vim nginx-pod.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: nginx
labels:
app: nginx
spec:
containers:
- name: nginx
image: nginx:alpine
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
ports:
- name: http
containerPort: 80
#先查看pod信息
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pod
No resources found in default namespace.
#应用资源配置清单
（注意： 如果有，就先删除 kubectl delete dp nginx）
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl create -f nginx-pod.yaml
pod/nginx created
#查看pod详细信息
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
nginx 1/1 Running 0 30s 10.2.1.2 node2 <none> <none>
#访问查看
[root@node1 ~]# curl 10.2.1.2
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
运行一个demo小服务
1.编写资源配置清单
[root@node1 ~/demo]# cat tomcat-demo.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mysql
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
image: mysql:5.7
ports:
- containerPort: 3306
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: "123456"
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql
spec:
ports:
- port: 3306
selector:
app: mysql
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: myweb
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myweb
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myweb
spec:
containers:
- name: myweb
image: kubeguide/tomcat-app:v1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
env:
- name: MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST
value: 'mysql'
- name: MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT
value: '3306'
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myweb
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 8080
nodePort: 30001
selector:
app: myweb
=====================================
或者分开写四个yaml文件
cat mysql-dp.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: mysql
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
containers:
- name: mysql
image: mysql:5.7
ports:
- containerPort: 3306
env:
- name: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD
value: "123456"
----------------------------------------------------
cat mysql-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql
spec:
ports:
- port: 3306
selector:
app: mysql
-----------------------------------------------
cat tomcat-dp.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: myweb
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: myweb
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: myweb
spec:
containers:
- name: myweb
image: kubeguide/tomcat-app:v1
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
env:
- name: MYSQL_SERVICE_HOST
value: 'mysql'
- name: MYSQL_SERVICE_PORT
value: '3306'
-----------------------------------------------------
cat tomcat-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: myweb
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 8080
nodePort: 30001
selector:
app: myweb
---------------------------------------------------
2.应用资源配置清单
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl create -f tomcat-demo.yaml
deployment.apps/mysql created
service/mysql created
deployment.apps/myweb created
service/myweb created
3.查询资源是否创建成功
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
mysql-8fcd9f64-vqkm9 1/1 Running 0 2m1s 10.2.1.2 node2 <none> <none>
myweb-6f974fdbdc-gsncp 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.1.3 node2 <none> <none>
myweb-6f974fdbdc-ngngv 1/1 Running 0 2m 10.2.2.2 node3 <none> <none>
4.查询暴露的端口
[root@node1 ~]# kubectl get service
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
kubernetes ClusterIP 10.1.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 22h
mysql ClusterIP 10.1.120.187 <none> 3306/TCP 3m32s
myweb NodePort 10.1.37.225 <none> 8080:30001/TCP 3m31s
5.浏览器登录查看
http://10.0.0.11:30001/demo/index.jsp
