[CareerCup] 17.10 Encode XML 编码XML

17.10 Since XML is very verbose, you are given a way of encoding it where each tag gets mapped to a pre-defined integer value. The language/grammar is as follows:

Element --> Tag Attributes END Children END
Attribute --> Tag Value
END --> 0
Tag --> some predefined mapping to int
Value --> string value END

For example, the following XML might be converted into the compressed string below (assuming a mapping of famiLy -> l， person ->2, frstName ->3, LastName -> 4j state -> 5).

<family lastName="McDowell" state="CA">
<person firstName="Gayle">Some Message</person>
</family>

Becomes:

1 4 McDowell 5 CA 0 2 3 Gayle 0 Some Message 0 0

Write code to print the encoded version of an XML element (passed in E Lament and Attribute objects).

这道题让我们给XML编码，那么我们可以用OOD的方法来实现，建立Attribute类和Element类，其中一个Element中可以包含多个Attribute，然后就是写encode函数，我们可以利用重载特性来写多个encode函数，需要注意的是，在encode到字符串中包含0的时候需要特殊处理，因为题目中说END都要换成0，为了不引起歧义，我们在字符串中出现0的地方前面都加一个，变成，但是又表示空格，所以我们需要把所有的0变成\0，可以用v = v.replace("0", "\0"); 不得不说的是Java中对字符串的处理实在太强大了，集成了诸如replace, trim, split这样方便又常用的函数，而C++的STL却木有这些功能函数，还是Java叼啊。

public class Attribute {
    public String tag;
    public String value;
    
    public Attribute(String t, String v) {
        tag = t;
        value = v;
    }
    
    public String getTagCode() {
        if (tag == "family") {
            return "1";
        } else if (tag == "person") {
            return "2";
        } else if (tag == "firstName") {
            return "3";
        } else if (tag == "lastName") {
            return "4";
        } else if (tag == "state") {
            return "5";
        }
        return "--";
    }
}

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Element {
    public ArrayList<Attribute> attributes;
    public ArrayList<Element> children;
    public String name;
    public String value;
    
    public Element(String n) {
        name = n;
        attributes = new ArrayList<Attribute>();
        children = new ArrayList<Element>();
    }
    
    public Element(String n, String v) {
        name = n;
        value = v;
        attributes = new ArrayList<Attribute>();
        children = new ArrayList<Element>();
    }
    
    public String getNameCode() {
        if (name == "family") {
            return "1";
        } else if (name == "person") {
            return "2";
        } else if (name == "firstName") {
            return "3";
        } else if (name == "lastName") {
            return "4";
        } else if (name == "state") {
            return "5";
        }
        return "--";
    }
    
    public void insert(Attribute attribute) {
        attributes.add(attribute);
    }
    
    public void insert(Element child) {
        children.add(child);
    }
}

public class j {
    public static void encode(String v, StringBuffer sb) {
        v = v.replace("0", "\0");
        sb.append(v);
        sb.append(" ");
    }
    
    public static void encodeEnd(StringBuffer sb) {
        sb.append("0");
        sb.append(" ");
    }
    
    public static void encode(Attribute attr, StringBuffer sb) {
        encode(attr.getTagCode(), sb);
        encode(attr.value, sb);
    }
    
    public static void encode(Element root, StringBuffer sb) {
        encode(root.getNameCode(), sb);
        for (Attribute a : root.attributes) {
            encode(a, sb);
        }
        encodeEnd(sb);
        if (root.value != null && root.value != "") {
            encode(root.value, sb);
        } else {
            for (Element e : root.children) {
                encode(e, sb);
            }
        }
        encodeEnd(sb);
    }
    
    public static String encodeToString(Element root) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        encode(root, sb);
        return sb.toString();
    }
    
    public static void main(String args[]) {
        Element root = new Element("family");
        Attribute a1 = new Attribute("lastName", "0");
        Attribute a2 = new Attribute("state", "CA");
        root.insert(a1);
        root.insert(a2);
        
        Element child = new Element("person", "Some Message");
        Attribute a3 = new Attribute("firstName", "Gayle");
        child.insert(a3);
        
        root.insert(child);
        
        String s = encodeToString(root);
        System.out.println(s);
    }
}

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