centos7安装python，mariaDB，nginx，django，flask

0，安装centos7

centos默认不开启网卡，需要在安装时将ens33设置为on，或者后续通过vi ifcfg-ens33，找到onboot，设置为yes

或者也可以改名：cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/   mv ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-eth0， vi ifcfg-eth0（将name改为eth0）

ssh登陆centos7时，如果提示WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!，可以用ssh-keygen -R  [IP_ADDRESS]重置

1，安装python3

关闭yum（如果在运行）：rm -f /var/run/yum.pid

安装gcc：yum install gcc

安装依赖包：yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

安装依赖包（python3.7的pip需要）：yum install libffi-devel -y

查看最新版本：https://www.python.org/ftp/python/

安装wget（如果没有安装）：yum -y install wget

下载最新版本：wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.2/Python-3.7.2.tgz

新建目录：mkdir /usr/local/python3

移动：mv Python-3.7.2.tgz /usr/local

进入/usr/local目录解压：tar -xvf Python-3.7.2.tgz

进入解压文件夹：cd /usr/local/Python-3.7.2

配置安装目录：./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3（如果提示"make:*** No targets specified and no makefile found.Stop."，需要yum update ，  yum install gcc build-essential）

编译：make

安装：make install

删除安装包：rm Python-3.7.2.tgz

删除文件夹: rm -rf Python-3.7.2

配置python3软链接： ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3  /usr/bin/python3

配置pip软链接：ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

2，安装mariaDB

安装mariaDB：yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y

安装MySQL-python：yum install MySQL-python -y

启动mariaDB：systemctl start mariadb

开机自启动：systemctl enable mariadb.service

初始化mariaDB：mysql_secure_installation

创建数据库：

mysql -uroot -ptest
create database mysite;

　　

3，安装nginx

3.1，需要先安装（如果没安装）：

yum install gcc-c++

yum install -y pcre pcre-devel

yum install -y zlib zlib-devel

yum install -y openssl openssl-devel

3.2，下载和安装nginx：

查看版本：https://nginx.org/en/download.html  查看版本

下载：wget -c https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz

解压：tar -zxvf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz

cd nginx-1.16.1

./configure

make

mkdir /usr/local/nginx

make install 

3.3，启动停止nginx

cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin/

nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf    # 开启

nginx -s stop     # 停止

nginx -s quit

nginx -s reload    # 重启

也可能是cd /etc/nginx，然后nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 

加环境变量：

vim /etc/profile，在文件最后加上：

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin

export PATH

4，创建django项目

cd /
mkdir data
cd /data/
find ./ -name django-admin   # 找到django-admin所在目录
python3 /usr/local/python3/bin/django-admin.py startproject mysite  # 创建mysite站点

修改配置文件，/data/mysite/mysite/settings.py

"""
Django settings for mysite project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 1.11.7.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'm4@g1=hz^08y(9d)v5l!8^*0wbla=oe15s@u8@5^pw=llfz48%'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ["*"]


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mysite.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mysite.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        'NAME': 'mysite',
        'PASSWORD':'test',
        'USER': 'root',
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
        'PORT':'3306',
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

安装pymysql：

pip install pymysql

修改data/mysite/mysite/__init__.py文件：

import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

创建django数据库

cd /data/mysite
python3 manage.py migrate

启动django

python3 manage.py runserver

5，FLASK

5.1，直接开启服务

app.run(host='0.0.0.0', port=5000)

python3 app01.py

备注：可能centos需要让防火墙放行端口，增加如下配置：

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=5000/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

5.2，通过uwsgi启动flask服务

pip install uwsgi

find / -name uwsgi    # /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi /usr/bin/uwsgi   # 软链接

uwsgi --socket 0.0.0.0:5000 --protocol=http -p 3 -w run:app

　　socket 0.0.0.0:5000：暴露端口号5000

　　--protocol=http：http

　　-p 3 ： 占3个进程

　　-w run:app：-w 指明了要启动的模块，run 就是项目启动文件 run.py 去掉扩展名，app 是 run.py 文件中的变量 app，即 Flask 实例

5.3，配置uwsgi文件，通过nginx起服务

必须先启动uwsgi，再启动nginx

配置uwsgi，可以放在项目目录下（部署时去掉#后面注释）：

[uwsgi]
socket = 127.0.0.1:5000  # uWSGI 的监听端口
chdir = /home/bridge/flasksite   # 项目根目录
wsgi-file = app01.py  # Flask 项目的启动文件
callable = app  # 程序内启用的application变量名
processes = 4  # 进程数量
vacuum = true
master = true
stats = %(chdir)/uwsgi/uwsgi.status   # 记录uwsgi状态
pidfile = %(chdir)/uwsgi/uwsgi.pid   # 记录uwsgi的pi

假设flask项目下的uwsgi结构如下:

flasksite/

|-- uwsgi.ini

|-- app01.py

|

|-- uwsgi/

|      | -- uwsgi.pid

|      | -- uwsgi.status

uwsgi命令：

cd flasksite

启动：uwsgi uwsgi.ini

重启：uwsgi --reload uwsgi/uwsgi.pid    

关闭：uwsgi --stop uwsgi/uwsgi.pid

关闭所有uwsgi：pkill -f uwsgi -9

配置nginx，本例配置文件在/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ，增加下面一段：

server {
　　listen 5050;
　　server_name data.migelab.com;
　　charset utf-8;
　　client_max_body_size 75M;
    
　　location / { 
　　　　include uwsgi_params;                           # 导入uwsgi配置 
　　　　uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:5000;                      # 转发端口，需要和uwsgi配置当中的监听端口一致
　　　　uwsgi_param UWSGI_PYTHON /usr/bin/python3;      # Python解释器所在的路径，如果有虚拟环境可将路径设置为虚拟环境
　　　　uwsgi_param UWSGI_CHDIR /home/bridge/flasksite; # 项目根目录
　　　　uwsgi_param UWSGI_SCRIPT app02:app;             # 项目的主程序，比如你测试用run.py文件，文件中app = Flask(__name__)，那么这里就填run:app 
　　}   
}