Java Excel 导入导出（二）

本文主要叙述定制导入模板——利用XML解析技术，确定模板样式。

1.确定模板列

2.定义标题（合并单元格）

3.定义列名

4.定义数据区域单元格样式

引入jar包：

一、预期格式类型

二、XML模板格式

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<excel id="student" code="student" name="学生信息导入">
    <colgroup>
        <col index="A" width="17em"></col>
        <col index="B" width="17em"></col>
        <col index="C" width="17em"></col>
        <col index="D" width="17em"></col>
        <col index="E" width="17em"></col>
        <col index="F" width="17em"></col>
    </colgroup>
    <tile>
        <tr height="16px">
            <td rowspan="1" colspan="6" value="学生信息导入"></td>
        </tr>
    </tile>
    <thead>
        <tr height="16px">
            <th value="编号"></th>
            <th value="姓名"></th>
            <th value="年龄"></th>
            <th value="性别"></th>
            <th value="出生日期"></th>
            <th value="爱好"></th>
        </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
        <tr height="16px" firstrow="2" firstcol="0" repeat="5" >
            <td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="30"></td><!-- 用户编号 -->
            <td type="string" isnullable="false" maxlength="50"></td><!-- 姓名 -->
            <td type="numeric" format="##0" isnullable="false"></td><!-- 年龄 -->
            <td type="enum" format="男,女" isnullable="true"></td><!-- 性别 -->
            <td type="date" isnullable="false" maxlength="30"></td><!-- 出生日期 -->
            <td type="enum" format="足球,篮球,兵乓球" isnullable="true" ></td><!-- 爱好 -->
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</excel>

二、Java解析XML模板

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.List;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.DVConstraint;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCell;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFCellStyle;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataFormat;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFDataValidation;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFFont;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFRow;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFSheet;
import org.apache.poi.hssf.usermodel.HSSFWorkbook;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddress;
import org.apache.poi.ss.util.CellRangeAddressList;
import org.jdom.Attribute;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;

public class CreateTemplate {

    /**
     * 创建模板文件
     * 
     * @author
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 获取解析XML路径
        String path = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/bin/Student.xml";
        File file = new File(path);
        SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder();
        try {
            Document parse = builder.build(file);
            // 创建工作薄
            HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
            HSSFSheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("sheet0");
            // 获取Xml根节点
            Element root = parse.getRootElement();
            // 获取模板名称
            String templateName = root.getAttribute("name").getValue();
            int rownum = 0;
            int column = 0;
            // 设置列宽
            Element colgroup = root.getChild("colgroup");
            setColumnWidth(sheet, colgroup);
            // 设置标题
            Element title = root.getChild("title");
            List<Element> trs = title.getChildren("tr");
            for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
                Element tr = trs.get(i);
                List<Element> tds = tr.getChildren("td");
                HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
                // 设置单元格样式
                HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
                // 设置居中
                cellStyle.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
                for (column = 0; column < tds.size(); column++) {
                    Element td = tds.get(column);
                    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
                    Attribute rowSpan = td.getAttribute("rowspan");
                    Attribute colSpan = td.getAttribute("colspan");
                    Attribute value = td.getAttribute("value");
                    if (value != null) {
                        String val = value.getValue();
                        cell.setCellValue(val);
                        int rspan = rowSpan.getIntValue() - 1;
                        int cspan = colSpan.getIntValue() - 1;
                        // 设置字体
                        HSSFFont font = workbook.createFont();
                        font.setFontName("仿宋_GB2312");
                        font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);// 字体加粗
                        // font.setFontHeight((short) 12);
                        font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
                        cellStyle.setFont(font);
                        cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
                        // 合并单元格
                        sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(rspan, rspan, 0, cspan));
                    }
                }
                rownum++;
            }
            // 设置表头
            Element thead = root.getChild("thead");
            trs = thead.getChildren("tr");
            for (int i = 0; i < trs.size(); i++) {
                Element tr = trs.get(i);
                HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
                List<Element> ths = tr.getChildren("th");
                for (column = 0; column < ths.size(); column++) {
                    Element th = ths.get(column);
                    Attribute valueAttr = th.getAttribute("value");
                    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
                    if (valueAttr != null) {
                        String value = valueAttr.getValue();
                        cell.setCellValue(value);

                    }
                }
                rownum++;
            }
            // 设置数据区域样式
            Element tbody = root.getChild("tbody");
            Element tr = tbody.getChild("tr");
            int repeat = tr.getAttribute("repeat").getIntValue();
            List<Element> tds = tr.getChildren("td");
            for (int i = 0; i < repeat; i++) {
                HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(rownum);
                for (column = 0; column < tds.size(); column++) {
                    Element td = tds.get(column);
                    HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(column);
                    // 设置单元格样式
                    setType(workbook, cell, td);
                }
                rownum++;
            }
            // 生成Excel导入模板
            File tempFile = new File("e:/" + templateName + ".xls");
            tempFile.delete();
            tempFile.createNewFile();
            FileOutputStream stream = FileUtils.openOutputStream(tempFile);
            workbook.write(stream);
            stream.close();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    /**
     * 设置列宽
     * 
     * @param sheet
     * @param colgroup
     */
    private static void setColumnWidth(HSSFSheet sheet, Element colgroup) {
        List<Element> cols = colgroup.getChildren("col");
        for (int i = 0; i < cols.size(); i++) {
            Element col = cols.get(i);
            Attribute width = col.getAttribute("width");
            String unit = width.getValue().replaceAll("[0-9,\.]", "");
            String value = width.getValue().replaceAll(unit, "");
            int v = 0;
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(unit) || "px".endsWith(unit)) {
                v = Math.round(Float.parseFloat(value) * 37F);
            } else if ("em".endsWith(unit)) {
                v = Math.round(Float.parseFloat(value) * 267.5F);
            }
            sheet.setColumnWidth(i, v);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 设置单元格样式
     * 
     * @param workbook
     * @param cell
     * @param td
     */
    private static void setType(HSSFWorkbook workbook, HSSFCell cell, Element td) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Attribute typeAttr = td.getAttribute("type");
        String type = typeAttr.getValue();
        HSSFDataFormat format = workbook.createDataFormat();
        HSSFCellStyle cellStyle = workbook.createCellStyle();
        if ("NUMERIC".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
            Attribute formatAttr = td.getAttribute("format");
            String formatValue = formatAttr.getValue();
            formatValue = StringUtils.isNotBlank(formatValue) ? formatValue : "#,##0.00";
            cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat(formatValue));
        } else if ("STRING".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            cell.setCellValue("");
            cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_STRING);
            cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("@"));
        } else if ("DATE".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            cell.setCellType(HSSFCell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC);
            cellStyle.setDataFormat(format.getFormat("yyyy-m-d"));
        } else if ("ENUM".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
            CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(cell.getRowIndex(), cell.getRowIndex(),
                    cell.getColumnIndex(), cell.getColumnIndex());
            Attribute enumAttr = td.getAttribute("format");
            String enumValue = enumAttr.getValue();
            // 加载下拉列表内容
            DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createExplicitListConstraint(enumValue.split(","));
            // 数据有效性对象
            HSSFDataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint);
            workbook.getSheetAt(0).addValidationData(dataValidation);
        }
        cell.setCellStyle(cellStyle);
    }

}

二、Java解析XML模板，实现效果