1.1二进制包安装MySQL数据库
1.1.1 安装前准备(规范)
1 [root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir -p /home/zhurui/tools ##创建指定工具包存放路径 2 [root@Mysql_server ~]# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/pub/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz ##下载二进制包 3 [root@Mysql_server tools]# tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz ##解压Mysql包 4 [root@Mysql_server tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql ##创建mysql用户 5 [root@Mysql_server tools]# id mysql 6 uid=501(mysql) gid=501(mysql) groups=501(mysql) 7 [root@Mysql_server ~]# mkdir /application/ 8 [root@Mysql_server home]# mv /home/zhurui/tools/mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32 9 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/ 10 total 4 11 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32 12 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql ##设置软链接 13 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/ 14 total 4 15 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 Dec 13 14:39 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/ 16 drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-5.5.32 17 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/ 18 total 76 19 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 bin 20 -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 17987 Jun 19 2013 COPYING 21 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 data 22 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:30 docs 23 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 include 24 -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 7470 Jun 19 2013 INSTALL-BINARY 25 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 lib 26 drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 man 27 drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 mysql-test 28 -rw-r--r--. 1 7161 wheel 2496 Jun 19 2013 README 29 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 scripts 30 drwxr-xr-x. 27 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 share 31 drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 sql-bench 32 drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 support-files
1.1.2 初始化数据库
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql ##初始化数据库 2 Installing MySQL system tables... 3 OK 4 Filling help tables... 5 OK 6 [root@Mysql_server tools]# ll /application/mysql/data/ ##查看初始化结果 7 total 12 8 drwx------. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 13 14:45 mysql 9 drwx------. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Dec 13 14:45 performance_schema 10 drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql root 4096 Dec 13 14:31 test
1.1.3 授权Mysql管理数据库文件
1 [root@Mysql_server ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/ 2 [root@Mysql_server ~]# ll /application/mysql 3 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 26 Dec 13 14:39 /application/mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/
1.1.4 生成Mysql配置文件
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
1.1.5 配置启动Mysql
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server 2 [root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld ##将生成的启动脚本拷贝到init.d目录下 3 [root@Mysql_server tools]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
1.1.6 启动Mysql
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306 ##查询Mysql服务是否开启 2 [root@Mysql_server tools]# 3 [root@Mysql_server tools]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start ##启动Mysql服务 4 Starting MySQL.... SUCCESS! 5 [root@Mysql_server tools]# lsof -i :3306 6 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME 7 mysqld 2235 mysql 10u IPv4 22761 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN) 8 [root@Mysql_server tools]#
1.1.7 配置环境变量
方法1：
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/ ##方法1
方法2：
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# tail -1 /etc/profile 2 PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH" ##尾部添加如下行 3 [root@Mysql_server tools]# source /etc/profile ##使得配置生效
1.1.8 设置及更改密码
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot password 123456 2 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password zhurui
2.1 数据库管理
1 [root@Mysql_server tools]# mysql -uroot -p 2 Enter password: 3 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. 4 Your MySQL connection id is 8 5 Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL) 6 7 Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 8 9 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 10 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 11 owners. 12 13 Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. 14 15 mysql> show databases; ##查看数据库； 16 +--------------------+ 17 | Database | 18 +--------------------+ 19 | information_schema | 20 | mysql | 21 | performance_schema | 22 | test | 23 +--------------------+ 24 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 25 26 mysql> drop database test; ##删除test库； 27 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 28 29 mysql> show databases; 30 +--------------------+ 31 | Database | 32 +--------------------+ 33 | information_schema | 34 | mysql | 35 | performance_schema | 36 +--------------------+ 37 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 38 39 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ##查看用户列表； 40 +------+---------------+ 41 | user | host | 42 +------+---------------+ 43 | root | 127.0.0.1 | 44 | root | ::1 | 45 | | Mysql\_server | 46 | root | Mysql\_server | 47 | | localhost | 48 | root | localhost | 49 +------+---------------+ 50 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) 51 52 mysql> drop user root@'::1'; ##删除无用用户 53 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 54 55 mysql> drop user ''@'Mysql\_server'; ##对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍 56 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 57 58 mysql> drop user ''@'localhost'; 59 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) 60 61 mysql> drop user 'root'@'Mysql\_server'; 对于大写、特殊字符删除不了，下面有介绍 62 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 63 64 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; 65 +------+---------------+ 66 | user | host | 67 +------+---------------+ 68 | root | 127.0.0.1 | 69 | | Mysql\_server | 70 | root | Mysql\_server | 71 | root | localhost | 72 +------+---------------+ 73 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 74 对于大写、特殊字符删除不了解决办法： 75 mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="" and host="Mysql\_server"; 76 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) 77 78 mysql> delete from mysql.user where user="root" and host="Mysql\_server"; 79 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 80 81 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; ##将无用用户删除以后，查看用户列表 82 +------+-----------+ 83 | user | host | 84 +------+-----------+ 85 | root | 127.0.0.1 | 86 | root | localhost | 87 +------+-----------+ 88 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 89 mysql> flush privileges; ##最后使得权限生效 90 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
创建用户sql语句：
1 mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456' with grant option;flush privileges;
1 mysql> update mysql.user set host='httpd' where host='localhost' and user='root'; ##变更用户信息 2 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.47 sec) 3 Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 4 5 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; 6 +------+-----------+ 7 | user | host | 8 +------+-----------+ 9 | root | 127.0.0.1 | 10 | root | httpd | 11 +------+-----------+ 12 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) 13 14 mysql> update mysql.user set host='localhost' where host='httpd' and user='root'; ##修改主机htttpd为localhost 15 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) 16 Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 17 18 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; 19 +------+-----------+ 20 | user | host | 21 +------+-----------+ 22 | root | 127.0.0.1 | 23 | root | localhost | 24 +------+-----------+ 25 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)