拾遗：Qemu/KVM

WinXP：

#!/bin/bash

name=winxp

qemu-system-x86_64 
-enable-kvm 
-cpu host -smp 2,sockets=2,cores=1,threads=1 
-m 4096 
-net user 
-drive file=./WinXP.img,if=none,cache=writeback,id=${name}_disk -device ide-hd,drive=${name}_disk 
-drive file=./WinXP.iso,readonly=on,media=cdrom 
-boot order=cd 
-name ${name} 
-display gtk

一、管理 images

1、创建

　　qemu-img create -f raw -o size=10G,nocow=on base.raw　　#nocow 用于关闭 btrfs 的写时复制，仅对新创建的文件生效

2、扩容

　　qemu-img resize base.raw +20G

3、查询信息

　　qemu-img info base.raw 

4、转换格式

　　qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 base.raw base.qcow2 

5、增量创建

　　qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=20G,nocow=on,backing_file=base.qcow2 linux.qcow2　　#批量运行时减少磁盘占用

6、重改基础镜像

　　qemu-img rebase [-u] -b /PATH/TO/xxx.qcow2 linux.qcow2　　# -u 指 unsafe 模式，无需检验，通常用于基础镜像移动位置或重命名之后

二、管理 snapshot

1、创建

　　qemu-img snapshot -c v0.1_snapshot linux.qcow2

2、查询

　　qemu-img snapshot -l linux.qcow2

3、应用

　　qemu-img snapshot -a v0.1_snapshot linux.qcow2

4、删除

　　qemu-img snapshot -d v0.1_snapshot linux.qcow2

三、热拔插

# 首先需要客户机载入：modprobe pci_hotplug

# 然后在 monitor 中操作

　　drive_add 0 media=disk,file=/PATH/TO/xxx.qcow2,if=none,id=vd0　　#添加到 Qemu

　　device_add virtio-blk-pci,drive=vd0　　#插入到客户机

　　drive_del tmp_0　　#移除

四、Gentoo

　　/etc/portage/package.use/qemu:

　　vhost-net -nls -iscsi -nfs -opengl -jpeg -png -usb -usbredir -curl -selinux -spice -ncurses -sdl -gtk -xen -alsa -bluetooth

五、示例

　　init.sh： 

#!/usr/bin/env sh
#
# 0、目录结构:conf、images、ISOs
# 1、安装镜像存放于"../ISOs"路径下，命名格式：FreeBSD.iso
# 2、配置好每个OS的基础镜像，置于"../images"路径下，命名格式:FreeBSD_base.img
# 

if [[ $1 == '' ]];then
    VmNum=1
    printf "33[31;01m$VmNum is not specified, defaults to 1
33[00m"
elif [[ $1 =~ [0-9] ]];then
    VmNum=$1
else
    printf "33[31;01m$1 is not a number!!!
33[00m"
    exit
fi

if [[ $2 == '' ]];then
    OS=Gentoo
    printf "33[31;01mOS is not specified, defaults to "Gentoo"
33[00m"
else
    OS=$2
fi

ISO=${OS}.iso
BaseImg=${OS}_base.img
CpuNum=4
Mem=4G
MaxMem=8G
DiskSiz=200G
MaxVmNum=10
HostIP=192.168.0.254

if [[ $1 -gt $MaxVmNum ]];then
    printf "33[31;01mvmNum > ${MaxVmNum}!!!
33[00m"
    exit
fi

case $OS in
    FreeBSD)
        Version=11
        AddrPos=50
        ;;
    Gentoo)
        Version=13
        AddrPos=40
        ;;
    RHEL)
        Version=07
        AddrPos=30
        ;;
    Debian)
        Version=08
        AddrPos=20
        ;;
    Ubuntu)
        Version=17
        AddrPos=10
        ;;
    *)
        printf "33[31;01mUnknown OS name!!!
33[00m"
        printf "Supported OS name:FreeBSD Gentoo RHEL Debian Ubuntu
"
        exit
        ;;
esac

vmFunc() {
    qemu-system-x86_64 
    -enable-kvm 
    -machine q35,accel=kvm -device intel-iommu 
    -cpu host -smp $CpuNum,sockets=$CpuNum,cores=1,threads=1 
    -m $Mem,slots=4,maxmem=$MaxMem 
    -netdev tap,ifname=${OS}_$1,script=tap.sh,downscript=no,id=vmNic_${OS}_$1 -device virtio-net-pci,mac=52:54:00:11:$1:${Version},netdev=vmNic_${OS}_$1 
    -drive file=../images/$ImgName,if=none,cache=writeback,media=disk,id=vmDisk_${OS}_$1 -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=vmDisk_${OS}_$1 
    -drive file=../ISOs/$ISO,readonly=on,media=cdrom 
    -boot order=cd 
    -name vm${OS}_$1 
    -monitor tcp:$HostIP:$(($1 * 1000)),server,nowait 
    -vnc :$1 
    -daemonize
}

OpsFunc() {
    eval x=$(($1 + $AddrPos))
    local ImgName=${OS}_$x.img

    if [[ 0 -eq $(ls ../images | grep -c $ImgName) ]];then
        qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o size=$DiskSiz,nocow=on,backing_file=../images/$BaseImg ../images/$ImgName
        if [[ 0 -ne $? ]];then
            printf "33[31;01mCan't create $ImgName!!!
33[00m"
            exit
        fi
    fi

    vmFunc $x
}

i=0
while [[ $i -lt $VmNum ]]
do
    OpsFunc $i
    let i+=1
done

... 

／*基于硬件IOMMU支持的硬件直接分配技术：VFIO*/ 
#modprobe vfio-pci
#echo 8086 8c20 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/new_id
#echo 0000:00:1b.0 > /sys/bus/pci/devices/0000:00:1b.0/driver/unbind
#echo 0000:00:1b.0 > /sys/bus/pci/drivers/vfio-pci/bind
／*Qemu设置直连物理网卡示例*/
#-device vfio-pci,host=00:1b.0
#-net none

　　net.sh： 

#!/usr/bin/env sh

modprobe tun
modprobe vhost
modprobe vhost_net
modprobe bonding

IF_0=enp2s0
IF_1=eno1
BD=bond0
SW=br0

ADDR=192.168.0.254/24
ROUTE=192.168.0.1

ip link del $BD #echo -$BD > /sys/class/net/bonding_masters

if [[ 0 -eq $(ip link | grep -c $SW) ]];then
    ip link add $SW type bridge
fi
ip link add $BD type bond #echo +$BD > /sys/class/net/bonding_masters

for x in $IF_0 $IF_1 $BD $SW
do
    ip addr flush dev $x
    ip route flush dev $x
done

ip link set $IF_0 down
ip link set $IF_1 down
ip link set $BD down
echo active-backup > /sys/class/net/$BD/bonding/mode #balance-rr/active-backup/broadcast
echo 1000 > /sys/class/net/bond0/bonding/miimon
echo +$IF_0 > /sys/class/net/$BD/bonding/slaves
echo +$IF_1 > /sys/class/net/$BD/bonding/slaves
ip link set $IF_0 up
ip link set $IF_1 up
ip link set $BD up

#ip link set $IF_0 promisc on
#ip link set $IF_1 promisc on
#ip link set $BD promisc on

ip link set $BD master $SW
ip addr add $ADDR dev $SW
ip link set $SW up
ip route replace default via $ROUTE dev $SW

printf "33[31;01mSlaves of $BD:33[00m
"
cat /sys/class/net/$BD/bonding/slaves

#printf "
33[31;01m$BD info:33[00m
"
#cat /proc/net/bonding/$BD

　　tap.sh

      开头必须加 #!/usr/bin/env bash  一行

#!/usr/bin/env bash

ip link set $1 up
sleep 0.1s
ip link set $1 master br0