重要:yield的作用,类似于next(),执行一次yield,程序就准备输出下一行,会保存函数执行进度 (yield 相当于print,若yield迭代器要输出的话,一般用for循环输出)
def odd(): print('step 1') yield 1 print('step 2') yield(3) print('step 3') yield(5) #============================================ >>> o = odd() >>> next(o) step 1 1 >>> next(o) step 2 3 >>> next(o) step 3 5 >>> next(o) Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> StopIteration
通过列表生成式,我们可以直接创建一个列表。但是,受到内存限制,列表容量肯定是有限的。而且,创建一个包含100万个元素的列表,不仅占用很大的存储空间,如果我们仅仅需要访问前面几个元素,那后面绝大多数元素占用的空间都白白浪费了。
所以,如果列表元素可以按照某种算法推算出来,那我们是否可以在循环的过程中不断推算出后续的元素呢?这样就不必创建完整的list,从而节省大量的空间。在Python中,这种一边循环一边计算的机制,称为生成器:generator。
#生成杨辉三角 # 期待输出: # [1] # [1, 1] # [1, 2, 1] # [1, 3, 3, 1] # [1, 4, 6, 4, 1] # [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1] # [1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1] # [1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1] # [1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1] # [1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1]
方法一:
def triangles(): listt = [1] while True: yield listt listt.append(0) listt = [listt[i-1]+listt[i] for i in range(len(listt))] t = triangles() for i in range(10): print(next(t)) #========================================== [1] [1, 1] [1, 2, 1] [1, 3, 3, 1] [1, 4, 6, 4, 1] [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1] [1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1] [1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1] [1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1] [1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1]
方法二:
def triangles(): listt = [1] while True: yield listt listt = [sum(i) for i in zip([0]+listt,listt+[0])] t = triangles() for i in range(10): print(next(t)) #=========================================== [1] [1, 1] [1, 2, 1] [1, 3, 3, 1] [1, 4, 6, 4, 1] [1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1] [1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1] [1, 7, 21, 35, 35, 21, 7, 1] [1, 8, 28, 56, 70, 56, 28, 8, 1] [1, 9, 36, 84, 126, 126, 84, 36, 9, 1]
dd