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  • Linux系统初始配置标准化

    Inux系统标准化

    配置环境：4台Centos7.6版本的虚拟机，刚刚最小化安装完成，未作任何操作，分别是node1、node2、node3、node4

    本文打算利用ansible工具对这四台虚拟机进行统一配置，步骤如下：

    1、配置静态IP

    2、更改主机名

    3、每个节点向其他节点分发自己的公钥

    4、配置ansible

    5、关闭Iptables和SELINUX

    6、调整时区、同步时间(ntpdate)，使用crontab定时同步时间

    7、安装常用软件包：wget、net-tools、

    8、配置VIM(行数、自动缩进、语法高亮显示等)

    1、配置静态IP

    # vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33   //修改加红加粗

    TYPE="Ethernet"
    PROXY_METHOD="none"
    BROWSER_ONLY="no"
    BOOTPROTO="static"
    DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6INIT="yes"
    IPV6_AUTOCONF="yes"
    IPV6_DEFROUTE="yes"
    IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
    IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE="stable-privacy"
    NAME="ens33"
    DNS1=8.8.8.8
    GATEWAY=192.168.128.2
    IPADDR=192.168.128.131
    UUID="73f52f11-1a3a-4d44-94a9-f971ae9d1ff5"
    DEVICE="ens33"
    ONBOOT="yes"

    # systemctl restart network   //重启网络

    这里编辑脚本

    #!/bin/bash
    #

    sed -i 's/BOOTPROTO="dhcp"/BOOTPROTO="static"/g' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    echo "DNS1=8.8.8.8" >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    echo "GATEWAY=192.168.128.2" >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
    read -p "Please input the IPADDR you want: 192.168.128." IP
    echo "IPADDR=192.168.128.$IP" >> /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

    read -p "The network was changed, do you want to restart network {yes|no}: " choice
    if [ $choice = "yes" ]; then
        echo "Your network will restart"
        systemctl restart network
    else
        exit
    fi

    其他三台主机分别配置，组主机IP分别为132、133、134

    2、更改主机名

    # vi /etc/hosts   //注意所有主机都要按此修改

    #127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
    #::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
    192.168.128.131 node1
    192.168.128.132 node2
    192.168.128.133 node3
    192.168.128.134 node4

    3、生成公钥，并分发到个节点，而可以让各节点之间通过主机名进行通信

    # ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ''  //回车到底

    Generating public/private rsa key pair.
    Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
    Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
    Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
    Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
    The key fingerprint is:
    SHA256:KksQbpC72SHZHCGHtKAKEU4H1TgrWwRGkjpZ2VRuLuA root@localhost.localdomain
    The key's randomart image is:
    +---[RSA 2048]----+
    |O@**+.. |
    |X===.o |
    |*== o o |
    |*X * o |
    |=.E . . S |
    | B o . . |
    |o . o . |
    | . o |
    | . |
    +----[SHA256]-----+

    # ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.128.131   //把公钥分发到各节点，同时也要给自己一份

    # ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.128.132

    # ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.128.133

    # ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.128.134

    # ssh 192.168.128.131 'date'; ssh 192.168.128.132 'date'; ssh 192.168.128.133 'date'; ssh 192.168.128.134 'date'    //进行测试

    Thu Jan 24 14:07:09 CST 2019    //四台主机时间不一致，后续再配置
    Fri Jan 25 03:07:08 CST 2019
    Thu Jan 24 14:07:10 CST 2019
    Thu Jan 24 14:11:49 CST 2019

    4、配置ansible

    # yum install ansible -y   

    # vi /etc/ansible/hosts //定义主机组

    # This is the default ansible 'hosts' file.

    #
    # It should live in /etc/ansible/hosts
    #
    # - Comments begin with the '#' character
    # - Blank lines are ignored
    # - Groups of hosts are delimited by [header] elements
    # - You can enter hostnames or ip addresses
    # - A hostname/ip can be a member of multiple groups

    [3h]
    192.168.128.132
    192.168.128.133
    192.168.128.134

    [4h]
    192.168.128.131
    192.168.128.132
    192.168.128.133
    192.168.128.134

    # ansible 4h -a 'date'  //测试ansible可用

    192.168.128.131 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    Thu Jan 24 14:14:03 CST 2019

    192.168.128.132 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    Fri Jan 25 03:14:02 CST 2019

    192.168.128.133 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    Thu Jan 24 14:18:42 CST 2019

    192.168.128.134 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
    Thu Jan 24 14:14:03 CST 2019

    5、关闭Iptables和SELINUX

    首先编写脚本

    # vi seip.sh

    chmod +x seip.sh 

     1 #!/bin/bash
 2 #
 3 
 4 echo "此段代码是判断和永久关闭SELinux"
 5 sleep 2
 6 
 7 sefile=/etc/selinux/config
 8 
 9 if [ "`getenforce`" == "Enforcing" ]; then
10   echo "selinux is starting,the scripts will set up"
11   setenforce 0
12 else
13   if [ "`getenforce`" == "Permissive" ]; then
14     echo "selinux was down"
15   fi  
16 fi
17 
18 if [ `grep 'SELINUX=enforcing' $sefile | wc -l` -eq 1 ]; then
19   echo "selinux is start up with system boot,the scripts will set up."
20   sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' $sefile
21 else
22   if [ `grep 'SELINUX=disabled' $sefile | wc -l` -eq 1 ]; then
23     echo "selinux will not start up with your system boot."
24   fi  
25 fi
26 
27 sleep 2
28 echo
29 echo "此段代码是判断和永久关闭firewalld"
30 sleep 2
31 
32 systemctl status firewalld &>/tmp/1.txt
33 fifile=/tmp/1.txt
34 
35 if [ `head -n 3 $fifile | grep 'running' | wc -l` -eq 1 ]; then
36   echo "firewalld is running,the script will set up."
37   systemctl stop firewalld
38   systemctl disable firewalld &>/dev/null
39 else
40   echo "firewalld is stopped"
41 fi
42 
43 一键关闭SELinux和firewalld

    使用ansible把此脚本分发到其他主机

    # ansible 3h -m copy -a "src=/root/seip.sh dest=/root/seip.sh mode=0755"

    # ansible all -m shell -a "/root/seip.sh"  //调用此脚本执行命令

    6、调整时区、同步时间(ntpdate)，使用crontab定时同步时间

    # ansible all -m yum -a "name=ntpdate state=present"

    # ansible all -m cron -a 'name="sync time from ntpserver" minute="*/10" job="/usr/sbin/ntpdate -u 133.100.11.8 &> /dev/null"'

    # ssh 192.168.128.131 'date'; ssh 192.168.128.132 'date'; ssh 192.168.128.133 'date'; ssh 192.168.128.134 'date'

    Thu Jan 24 16:40:47 CST 2019
    Thu Jan 24 16:40:47 CST 2019
    Thu Jan 24 16:40:47 CST 2019
    Thu Jan 24 16:40:47 CST 2019

    # ansible all -a 'timedatectl'   //可以全面查看一下

    192.168.128.134 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
      Local time: Thu 2019-01-24 16:42:07 CST
  Universal time: Thu 2019-01-24 08:42:07 UTC
        RTC time: Thu 2019-01-24 08:42:07
       Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
     NTP enabled: n/a
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a

192.168.128.131 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
      Local time: Thu 2019-01-24 16:42:07 CST
  Universal time: Thu 2019-01-24 08:42:07 UTC
        RTC time: Thu 2019-01-24 08:42:06
       Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
     NTP enabled: n/a
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a

192.168.128.132 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
      Local time: Thu 2019-01-24 16:42:07 CST
  Universal time: Thu 2019-01-24 08:42:07 UTC
        RTC time: Thu 2019-01-24 21:42:05
       Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
     NTP enabled: n/a
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a

192.168.128.133 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
      Local time: Thu 2019-01-24 16:42:07 CST
  Universal time: Thu 2019-01-24 08:42:07 UTC
        RTC time: Thu 2019-01-24 08:42:07
       Time zone: Asia/Shanghai (CST, +0800)
     NTP enabled: n/a
NTP synchronized: no
 RTC in local TZ: no
      DST active: n/a

    7、安装常用软件包：wget、net-tools、

    # ansible all -m yum -a 'name=vim state=present'

    # ansible all -m yum -a 'name=wget state=present'

    # ansible all -m yum -a 'name=net-tools state=present'

    8、配置VIM(行数、自动缩进、语法高亮显示等)

    # vim /etc/vimrc   参考  https://blog.csdn.net/amoscykl/article/details/80616688

    set nu
    set syntax=on
    set ai
    set confirm
    set tabstop=4
    set hlsearch
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  • 原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/hanshanxiaoheshang/p/10315064.html
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