Appium编写脚本中的那些事

所有的操作范例和方式调用皆可做在官方文档中查阅到，本文只是简单整理

官方文档地址：http://appium.io/docs/en/about-appium/intro/

一、常用的元素定位方式

元素定位的官方文档

find_element_by_id  （resource-id）

find_element_by_accessibility_id  （content-desc）

find_element_by_xpath

find_element_by_android_uiautomator

关键的Attribute：resource-id，content-desc，text，bounds，clickable

常用 XPath 相对定位表达式：

二、常用自动化动作支持

click

sendkeys

swipe

touch action

 

 三、capability设置

automationName 默认使⽤用 uiautomator

autoGrantPermissions ⾃自动赋予 App 权限

noReset fullReset 是否在测试前后重置相关环境

unicodeKeyBoard resetKeyBoard 是否需要输入非英文之外的语言并在测试完成后重置输入法

四、appium设备交互api

 发短信，打电话

APP处理：get_performance_data 获取CPU，内存，电量，网络数据

五、等待

1、隐式等待：服务端（Appium）会在特定的超时时间内重试多次寻找控件 

self.driver.implicitly_wait(20)

2、显式等待：在客户端（用例端）根据更灵活的条件循环等待条件满足

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait

#第一种情况使用lambda函数，如果未发现定位元素返回自定义的错误信息
kk = WebDriverWait(driver,10).until(lambda driver:driver.find_element_by_id("kw"),message="worry!")
kk.send_keys("测试")

#第二种情况使用len判断返回要查找的元素是否大于等于1，如果大于等于1则执行接下来的代码
WebDriverWait(self.driver,15).until(lambda x:len(self.driver.find_element_by_id("image_cancel"))>=1)
self.driver.find_element_by_id("image_cancel").click()

#第三种情况使用expected_conditions判断元素是否可见，如果可见则执行接下来的代码
WebDriverWait(self.driver,15).until(expected_conditions.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID,"image_cancel")))
self.driver.find_element_by_id("image_cancel").click()

#第四种情况使用自定义函数的形式，灵活度自己掌握
def loaded(driver):
　　print(datetime.now())
　　if len(self.driver.find_element_by_id("image_cancel"))>=1:
　　　　self.driver.find_element_by_id("image_cancel").click()
　　　　return True
　　else:
　　　　return False
WebDriverWait(self.driver, 15).until(loaded)

3、强制等待

time.sleep(20)

 六、Toast识别

toast练习的apk下载地址：https://github.com/appium/java-client/blob/master/src/test/resources/apps/ApiDemos-debug.apk

toast捕获必须使用xpath查找，练习代码示例

    def test_toast(self):
        self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Views').click()
        self.driver.swipe(350,1000,350,300)    #也可以用uiautomator方式
        self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Popup Menu').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_accessibility_id('Make a Popup!').click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@text="Search"]').click()
        #toast第一种识别方法，用class
        # print(self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[@class='android.widget.Toast']").text)
        #toast第二种识别方法，用text文本
        print(self.driver.find_element_by_xpath("//*[contains(@text,'Clicked popup menu item Search')]").text)

七、断言

元素是否存在：find_elements

元素属性正确性：get_attribute

from appium import webdriver
import time
from unittest import TestCase
from hamcrest import *

class TestDemo(TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        caps = {}
        caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        caps["deviceName"] = "Android Emulator"
        caps["appPackage"] = "com.xxxx.android"
        caps["appActivity"] = ".view.WelcomeActivityAlias"
        caps["autoGrantPermissions"] = "true"

        self.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(20)
        #打开APP首页时同意内容
        el2 = self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/tv_agree")
        el2.click()
        
    def test_search(self):
        el3 = self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/home_search")
        el3.click()
        el4 = self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/search_input_text")
        el4.send_keys("拼多多")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('name').click()
        price = self.driver.find_element_by_id("current_price")
        #断言拼多多的股价是否大于68.5元
        assert float(price.text) > 68.5
        #断言price的元素属性resource-id是否为price
        assert "price" in price.get_attribute("resource-id")
        #hamcrest方式断言price元素属性的package包名是否为xueqiu.android
        assert_that(price.get_attribute("package"),equal_to("com.xxxx.android"))

    def tearDown(self):
        time.sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit()

八、参数化与数据驱动

1、利用pytest进行简单的参数化

pytest和unittest编写上的两点不同：1、类名中是否写TestCase；2、pytest中setup和teardown是小写，而unittest中是大写

import pytest,time
from appium import webdriver

class TestDemo():
    def setup(self):
        caps = {}
        caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        caps["deviceName"] = "Android Emulator"
        caps["appPackage"] = "com.xxxx.android"
        caps["appActivity"] = ".view.WelcomeActivityAlias"
        caps["autoGrantPermissions"] = "true"

        self.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(20)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/tv_agree").click()
        
    #要进行参数化的数据
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("keyword,expected_price", [
        ("拼多多", 68.5),
        ("京东", 49)
    ])
    def test_search(self,keyword,expected_price):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/home_search").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/search_input_text").send_keys(keyword)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id('name').click()
        price = self.driver.find_element_by_id("current_price")
        assert float(price.text) > expected_price
    
    def teardown(self):
        time.sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit()

2、数据驱动

 search.yaml数据文件及运行代码实现参数化数据读取来自外部文件

- [ pdd, 68.5 ]
- [ jd, 48 ]

import pytest,time
import yaml
from appium import webdriver

class TestDemo():
    search_data = yaml.safe_load(open("search.yaml",'r'))
    print(search_data)
    def setup(self):
        caps = {}
        caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        caps["deviceName"] = "Android Emulator"
        caps["appPackage"] = "com.xxxx.android"
        caps["appActivity"] = ".view.WelcomeActivityAlias"
        caps["autoGrantPermissions"] = "true"

        self.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(20)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/tv_agree").click()
        
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("keyword,expected_price", search_data)
    def test_search(self,keyword,expected_price):
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/home_search").click()
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/search_input_text").send_keys(keyword)
        self.driver.find_elements_by_id('name')[0].click()
        price = self.driver.find_element_by_id("current_price")
        assert float(price.text) > expected_price
        
    def teardown(self):
        time.sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit()

testcase.yaml测试步骤读取外部文件

- id: home_search
- id: search_input_text
  input: pdd
- id: name
- id: current_price
  get: text

import yaml,time
from appium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webdriver import WebDriver

class TestDemo():
    def setup(self):
        caps = {}
        caps["platformName"] = "Android"
        caps["deviceName"] = "Android Emulator"
        caps["appPackage"] = "com.xxxx.android"
        caps["appActivity"] = ".view.WelcomeActivityAlias"
        caps["autoGrantPermissions"] = "true"

        self.driver = webdriver.Remote("http://localhost:4723/wd/hub", caps)
        self.driver.implicitly_wait(20)
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("com.xxxx.android:id/tv_agree").click()
        
    def test_search(self):
        Test_Case("testcase.yaml").run(self.driver)
        
    def teardown(self):
        time.sleep(3)
        self.driver.quit()
        
class Test_Case:
    def __init__(self,path):
        file = open(path,"r")
        self.steps = yaml.safe_load(file)
        print("打印出来的yaml文件内容为：",self.steps)

    def run(self,driver: WebDriver):
        for step in self.steps:
            if isinstance(step, dict):
                element = None
                if "id" in step.keys():
                    element = driver.find_element_by_id(step["id"])
                elif "xpat" in step.keys():
                    element = driver.find_element_by_xpath(step["xpath"])
                else:
                    print(step.keys())

                if "input" in step.keys():
                    element.send_keys(step["input"])
                elif "get" in step.keys():
                    text = element.get_attribute(step["get"])
                    print("获取到的文本内容为：", text)
                else:
                    element.click()