浅谈NUnit单元测试方法小总结

        在软件的开发过程中，我们离不开测试，在这里我首先送给大家两句关于测试的话keep the bar green to keep the code clear  保持条是绿色则代码是干净的

单元测试并不是为了证明你是对的，而是为了证明你没有错，下面我就简单的介绍一下我总结的使用NUnit的一些方法。

1. 如何在Visual Studio.NET 2008中使用NUnit

要在Visual Studio.NET 2008的项目中使用NUnit，首先必须往项目中添加对Nunit框架的引用。方法是在“解决方案资源管理器”窗口中“引用”选项，单击右键，选择“添加引用”,选择“.NET”下面的“nunit.framework.dll”,单击“确定”按钮，回到“解决方案资源管理器”页面，可以看到Nunit已经被添加到项目的引用中。如图所示：

  

1. 小知识点说明

(1).在使用之前先加入命名空间空间using NUnit.Framework;

(2).代码通过“[TestFixture]”来标示出测试类，通过“[Test]”标示出测试方法，这样在测试运行时，NUnit就可以知道这些类和方法是需要测试的，则加载运行单元测试。通过Assert类中的AreEqual方法来判断测试是否通过。如下：

   //用TestFixture标示出测试列

    [TestFixture]

    public class NunitTestClass

    {

        //用Test标示出测试方法

        [Test]

        public void TestAddTestClass()

        {

            Form1 form = new Form1();

            int a = 1;

            int b = 2;

            int expcted = 3;

            int actual = form.Add(1, 2);

            Assert.AreEqual(expcted, actual);

        }

    }

(3).测试结果通过的类或方法则以绿色标注，不通过的类或方法以红色标注。黄色表示某些测试被忽略。

1. Nunit简单属性总结

(1).[TestFixture]  表示这是一个测试类

(2).[Test]  表示这是一个测试方法

(3). [SetUp]  只要一个函数被标记为[SetUp]属性的话，那么它就会在每一个测试的这些函数或者这些Case进行之前都要去运行一次。它用来在测试之前进行一个初始化的作用。   

(4). [TearDown]结束建立，资源回收，每个方法都执行一次。

(5).[TestFixtureSetUp]  表示整个类的初始化，在函数最先执行的时候运行一次。

(6).[TestFixtureTearDown]  表示销毁整个类的初始化，在函数最后呢执行的时候只运行一次。

(7).[Test,Explicit]  显示运行，在Nunit测试器中不选中则不运行，选中的话则会运行

(8).[Test]  [Ignore(“this case is ignored”)]   忽略当前这个Case，不让其运行，在Nunit测试其中显示的是黄色。Ignored后面的字符串是为了在Nunit测试其中提示这个信息。

(9).[Test] [Category(GroupName)]  把下面的case归纳在整个组里面，在NUnit里面选中组的话只显示组里面包含的函数。

下面是一个简单的例子：整型冒泡排序的实现及测试

/*在Calculator中写入如下的方法

  *整型冒泡排序的实现及测试

  */

public int[] BubbleSort(int[] array)

{

   if (null == array)

     {

          Console.Error.WriteLine("Parameter should't be null");

          return new int[] { };

       }

   for (int i = 0; i < array.Length - 1;++i)

   {

       bool swap = false;

        for (int j = 0; j < array.Length - i - 1; ++j)

        {

           if (array[j] > array[j + 1])

            {

                 int temp = array[j];  //简单的一个交换

                 array[j] = array[j + 1];

                 array[j + 1] = temp;

                 swap = true;

              }

         }

        if (!swap)

        {

           return array;

        }

    }

    return array;

}

在测试类CalculatorTest中输入如下的信息：

[Test]

[Category("GroupBubbleSort")]

public void TestBubbleSort()

{

    int[] array = { 1,4,4,4,4, 8, 4, 6, 5, 9 };

    int[] result = cal.BubbleSort(array);

    int[] Expected = { 1, 4,4,4,4,4, 5, 6, 8, 9 };

   Assert.AreEqual(Expected, result);

}

       

[Test]

[Category("GroupBubbleSort")]

public void TestBubbleSort1()

{

    int[] array = null;

    int[] result = cal.BubbleSort(array);

    int[] excepted = { };

    Assert.AreEqual(excepted, result);

}

[Test]

[Category("GroupBubbleSort")]

public void TestBubbleSort2()

{

   int[] array = { };

   int[] result = cal.BubbleSort(array);

   int[] excepted = { };

   Assert.AreEqual(excepted, result);

}

1. 堆栈实例测试知识点

 [Test,ExpectedException]  表示期望这个函数抛出一个异常。

新建MyStack类，在类里面模拟实现一些堆栈的知识点代码如下：

namespace NunitTest

{

    //模拟测试堆栈，堆栈是数据结构里面的一种类型，后进先出，与之相反的是队列，先进先出

    public class MyStack

    {

        private int nextIndex;  //放置的是下一个下标在数组中的元素

        private string[] elements;  //存放字符串数组

 

        public MyStack()  //构造函数

        {

            elements = new string[100]; //假设数组只能存放100个元素

            nextIndex = 0;  //下一个元素的索引

        }

 

        //定义堆栈的操作

        public void push(string element)

        {

            if (100 == this.nextIndex)

            {

                throw new Exception("数组越界异常");

            }

            elements[nextIndex++] = element; //往堆栈里面压的下一个元素

        }

 

        public string Pop() //取出数组中的元素

        {

            if (0 == this.nextIndex)

            {

                throw new Exception("数组越界异常");

            }

            return elements[--nextIndex];

        }

 

        public void Delete(int n)

        {

            if (this.nextIndex - n < 0)

            {

                throw new Exception("数组越界异常");

            }

            nextIndex -= n;  //

        }

 

        public string Top()

        {

            if (0 == this.nextIndex)

            {

                throw new Exception("数组越界异常");

            }

            return elements[nextIndex - 1];

        }

 

        public int Size()

        {

            return this.nextIndex;

        }

    }

}

测试上面的方法是否正确在MystackTest类中,代码如下所示：

namespace NunitTest

{

    [TestFixture]

    public class MyStackTest

    {

        private MyStack mystack;

 

        [SetUp]

        public void Init()

        {

            mystack = new MyStack();

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestPush()

        {

            mystack.push("Hello World");

            string result = mystack.Pop();

            Assert.AreEqual("Hello World", result);

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestPush2()

        {

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)

            {

                mystack.push(i + "");

            }

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)

            {

                string result = mystack.Pop();

                Assert.AreEqual((99 - i) + "", result);

            }

        }

 

        [Test,ExpectedException]

        public void TestPush3()

        {

            for (int i = 0; i < 101; ++i)

            {

                mystack.push(i + "");

            }

            for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)

            {

                string result = mystack.Pop();

                Assert.AreEqual((100 - i) + "", result);

            }

        }

 

        [Test,ExpectedException]

        public void TestPop()

        {

            mystack.Pop();

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestPop2()

        {

            mystack.push("Hello");

            mystack.push("World");

            mystack.Pop();

            string result = mystack.Pop();

            Assert.AreEqual("Hello", result);

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestTop()

        {

            mystack.push("Hello World");

            string result = mystack.Top();

            Assert.AreEqual("Hello World", result);

        }

 

        [Test,ExpectedException]

        public void TestTop2()

        {

            mystack.Top();

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestDelete()

        {

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

            {

                mystack.push(i + "");

            }

            mystack.Delete(10);

            Assert.AreEqual(0, mystack.Size());

        }

 

        [Test,ExpectedException]

        public void TestDelete2()

        {

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

            {

                mystack.push(i + "");

            }

            mystack.Delete(11);

        }

    }

}

1. 对数据库增删改查的一些测试

(1).判断数据库的链接，新建connection类代码如下：

public class connection

    {

        public static SqlConnection GetConnection()  //连接数据库函数

        {

     string connString = "server=HYL-PC;database=Test;uid=sa;pwd=saa";

            SqlConnection connection = new SqlConnection(connString);

            try

            {

                connection.Open();

            }

            catch

            {

                return null; 

            }

            return connection;

        }

    }

在ConnectionTest测试类中输入如下代码，测试连接是否成功

    [TestFixture]

    public class ConnectionTest

    {

        [Test]

        public void TestGetConnection()

        {

            SqlConnection conn = connection.GetConnection();

            Assert.IsNotNull(conn); //判断其不为空

        }

    }

1. 对数据库增删改查的测试代码如下：新建DBperson类实现数据库增删改查的功能

public void Insert(Person person)

        {

            string sqlStr = "insert into person(username,password,age)values(@username,@password,@age)";

 

            SqlConnection conn = connection.GetConnection();

 

            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, conn);

 

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@username", SqlDbType.VarChar));

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@password",SqlDbType.VarChar));

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@age", SqlDbType.Int));

 

            command.Parameters["@username"].Value = person.Username;

            command.Parameters["@password"].Value = person.Password;

            command.Parameters["@age"].Value = person.Age;

 

            try

            {

                command.ExecuteNonQuery();  //返回受命令影响的行数

            }

            catch (Exception ex)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

            }

            finally

            {

                conn.Close();

            }

        }

 

 

        public void Update(Person person)

        {

            string sqlStr = "update person set username=@username,password=@password,age=@age where id=@id";

 

            SqlConnection conn = connection.GetConnection();

 

            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, conn);

 

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@username", SqlDbType.VarChar));

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@password", SqlDbType.VarChar));

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@age", SqlDbType.Int));

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@id", SqlDbType.Int));

 

            command.Parameters["@username"].Value = person.Username;

            command.Parameters["@password"].Value = person.Password;

            command.Parameters["@age"].Value = person.Age;

            command.Parameters["@id"].Value = person.Id;

 

            try

            {

                command.ExecuteNonQuery();

            }

            catch(Exception ex)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

            }

            finally

            {

                conn.Close();

            }

        }

 

 

        public Person GetByID(int id)

        {

            string sqlStr = "select * from person where id=@id";

 

            SqlConnection conn = connection.GetConnection();

 

            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, conn);

 

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@id", SqlDbType.Int));

 

            command.Parameters["@id"].Value = id;

 

            SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();  //读取到信息

 

            Person person = null;

            if (reader.Read())

            {

                person = new Person();

                person.Id = id;

                person.Username = reader["username"].ToString();

                person.Password = reader["password"].ToString();

                person.Age = Convert.ToInt32(reader["age"]);

            }

            reader.Close();

            conn.Close();

            return person;

        }

 

 

        public void RemoveID(int id)

        {

            string sqlStr = "delete from person where id=@id";

 

            SqlConnection conn = connection.GetConnection();

 

            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sqlStr, conn);

 

            command.Parameters.Add(new SqlParameter("@id", SqlDbType.Int));

 

            command.Parameters["@id"].Value = id;

 

            try

            {

                command.ExecuteNonQuery();

            }

            catch(Exception ex)

            {

                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);

            }

            finally

            {

                conn.Close();

            }

        }

在新建一个测试类：DBPerson类的测试代码如下：

namespace NunitTest

{

    [TestFixture]

    public class DBPersonTest

    {

        private DBPerson dbperson;

 

        [TestFixtureSetUp]

        public void Init()

        {

            dbperson = new DBPerson();

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestInsert()

        {

            Person person = new Person();

 

            person.Username = "韩迎龙";

            person.Password = "citsoft";

            person.Age = 21;

            dbperson.Insert(person);

 

 

            int maxid = this.GetMaxId();

            person.Id = maxid;

            Person person2 = dbperson.GetByID(maxid);

 

            this.Company(person, person2);

 

            //做完测试后记得删除数据库中的数据

            dbperson.RemoveID(maxid);

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestUpdate()

        {

            Person person = new Person();

 

            person.Username = "韩鑫";

            person.Password = "hanyinglong";

            person.Age = 20;

 

            dbperson.Insert(person);

 

            int maxid = this.GetMaxId();

 

            Person person2 = dbperson.GetByID(maxid);

            person2.Username = "韩迎龙";

            person2.Password = "citsoft";

            person2.Age = 20;

 

            dbperson.Update(person2);

 

            Person person3 = dbperson.GetByID(maxid);

            this.Company(person2, person3);

            dbperson.RemoveID(maxid);  //清空数据库

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestGetByID()

        {

            Person person = new Person();

 

            person.Username = "韩迎龙";

            person.Password = "citsoft";

            person.Age = 21;

 

            dbperson.Insert(person);

 

            int maxid = this.GetMaxId();

 

            person.Id = maxid;

            Person person2 = dbperson.GetByID(maxid);

 

            this.Company(person, person2);

 

            dbperson.RemoveID(maxid);

        }

 

        [Test]

        public void TestRemoveByID()

        {

            Person person = new Person();

 

            person.Username = "韩迎龙";

            person.Password = "citsoft";

            person.Age = 21;

            dbperson.Insert(person);

 

            int maxid = this.GetMaxId();

 

            dbperson.RemoveID(maxid);

 

            Person person2 = dbperson.GetByID(maxid);

 

            Assert.IsNull(person2);

        }

 

        private int GetMaxId()

        {

            string sql = "select max(id) as maxID from person";

 

            SqlConnection conn = connection.GetConnection();

 

            SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand(sql, conn);

 

            SqlDataReader reader = command.ExecuteReader();

 

            int maxID = 0;

            if (reader.Read())

            {

                maxID = Convert.ToInt32(reader["maxID"]);

                //Console.WriteLine(reader["maxID"]);

            }

            reader.Close();

            conn.Close();

            return maxID;

        }

 

        private void Company(Person person1, Person person2)

        {

            Assert.AreEqual(person1.Id, person2.Id);

            Assert.AreEqual(person1.Username, person2.Username);

            Assert.AreEqual(person1.Password, person2.Password);

            Assert.AreEqual(person1.Age, person2.Age);

        }

    }

}