磁盘管理 -- parted

简述

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• 划分大小超过 2T 的硬盘, 也适用于小容量硬盘的划分;
• parted [选项] [分区设备]
• 交互式常用命令:
  • ?/和老婆?--help : 帮助
  • quit/q :               保存退出
  • print/p :              打印
  • mklabel :           改变硬盘的文件类型
  • mkpart :            分区
  • rm :                  删除某分区, 后面跟分区号, 如 rm 5
     

parted 分区操作

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// 模拟使用 100G 的硬盘使用 parted 命令进行分区 /dev/sdb

// 查看新硬盘是否正常; 设备 /dev/sdb 
parted -l
    Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sda: 161GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: msdos

    Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
     1      1049kB  211MB   210MB   primary  ext4            boot
     2      211MB   2358MB  2147MB  primary  linux-swap(v1)
     3      2358MB  161GB   159GB   primary                  lvm
    
    Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: gpt

    Number  Start  End  Size  File system  Name  Flags
    
    ... ...             // 以下是 逻辑分区 的各种信息

// 使用 parted 进行分区; 
parted /dev/sdb
    GNU Parted 2.1
    Using /dev/sdb
    Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
    (parted) mklabel                     // 使用 help 查看;
    New disk label type? gpt             // 两次 tab 键可以查看标签类型;                    
    Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do
    you want to continue?
    Yes/No? y
    (parted) mkpart                         // 分区命令
    Partition name?  []? sdb1            // 分区名称                                  
    File system type?  [ext2]? ext4      // 分区格式化类型                      
    Start? 1                             // 分区开始                    
    End? 20G                             // 分区结束大小
    (parted) mkpart                 
    Partition name?  []? sdb2
    File system type?  [ext2]? ext4                                           
    Start? 20G                                                                
    End? -1                              
    (parted) p                           // 打印, 查看分区状态
    Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: gpt

    Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
     1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB               sdb1
     2      20.0GB  107GB   87.4GB               sdb2

    (parted) quit                          // 保存,退出
    Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.

    格式化分区 mkfs.ext4 或者 逻辑分区, 请看 https://www.cnblogs.com/haorong/p/10594841.html

误删分区恢复

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// 使用上面建立的 sbd2 分区作为测试分区;

// 进行格式化 ext4
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    5332992 inodes, 21331456 blocks
    1066572 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
    651 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000

    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
    
// 创建测试挂载点, 并进行挂载, 创建有内容的目录文件
mkdir /tian
mount /dev/sdb2 /tian/
mkdir /tian/zong
echo 123456 > /tian/zong/hao
umount /tian                      // 卸载挂载
parted /dev/sdb
    GNU Parted 2.1
    Using /dev/sdb
    Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
    (parted) p                    // 打印分区
    Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: gpt

    Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
     1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         sdb1
     2      20.0GB  107GB   87.4GB  ext4         sdb2

    (parted) rm 2                 // 删除分区 2
    (parted) p                    // 打印分区
    Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: gpt

    Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
     1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         sdb1

    (parted) rescue                // ************************* 救援误删除的分区 ***************************
    Start? 20G                     // 开始的大小
    End? -1                        // 结束时的大小, -1 表示以后全部;
    Information: A ext4 primary partition was found at 20.0GB -> 107GB.  Do you want to add it to the
    partition table?
    Yes/No/Cancel? y                                                          
    (parted) p                                                                
    Model: VMware Virtual disk (scsi)
    Disk /dev/sdb: 107GB
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
    Partition Table: gpt

    Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name  Flags
     1      1049kB  20.0GB  20.0GB  ext4         sdb1
     2      20.0GB  107GB   87.4GB  ext4

    (parted) quit                                                             
    Information: You may need to update /etc/fstab.
    
// 挂载恢复的分区, 并查看文件内容, 一样, 表示已恢复
mount /dev/sdb2 /tian/
cat /tian/zong/hao 
    123456