随着shell脚本行数的增大,为了编写和维护的需要,想把一些特定的功能的代码抽取出来,组成函数的形式,放到一个叫做functions.sh中这样将来使用的时候只需要在脚本中source functions.sh 一下,然后就可以方便使用,处理大数据的时候,上篇博文提到过使用多线程处理是重要的手段,所以想到了写一个lock()函数,使得多个进程之间可以异步的工作。
函数的返回值有两种用途
1,返回函数结束的状态(可以是int,也可以是string)
2,共享一些变量
以下代码来自
(EDIT: This is also true for some other shells...)
1. echo strings
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lockdir= "somedir" testlock(){ retval= "" if mkdir "$lockdir" then # directory did not exist, but was created successfully echo >&2 "successfully acquired lock: $lockdir" retval= "true" else echo >&2 "cannot acquire lock, giving up on $lockdir" retval= "false" fi echo "$retval" } retval=$( testlock ) if [ "$retval" == "true" ] then echo "directory not created" else echo "directory already created" fi |
2. return exit status
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lockdir= "somedir" testlock(){ if mkdir "$lockdir" then # directory did not exist, but was created successfully echo >&2 "successfully acquired lock: $lockdir" retval=0 else echo >&2 "cannot acquire lock, giving up on $lockdir" retval=1 fi return "$retval" } testlock retval=$? if [ "$retval" == 0 ] then echo "directory not created" else echo "directory already created" fi |
3. share variable
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lockdir= "somedir" retval=-1 testlock(){ if mkdir "$lockdir" then # directory did not exist, but was created successfully echo >&2 "successfully acquired lock: $lockdir" retval=0 else echo >&2 "cannot acquire lock, giving up on $lockdir" retval=1 fi } testlock if [ "$retval" == 0 ] then echo "directory not created" else echo "directory already created" fi |
【NOTICE】关于shell函数的一个陷阱,我曾经深尝苦果,shell函数内部定义的变量,不是局部变量,这就意味着变量不会随着函数的结束而消失,这个特点可以被利用,所以shell函数中的变量要初始化,每次执行的时候注意重新赋值。