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  • [C#] MD5 加密的具体流程

    来源:http://www.chinaitpower.com/A/2005-05-13/116840.html

      1.来历
      MD5的全称是message-digest algorithm 5(信息-摘要算法,在90年代初由mit laboratory for computer science和rsa data security inc的ronald l. rivest开发出来,经md2、md3和md4发展而来。http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1321.txt,是一份最权威的文档,由ronald l. rivest在1992年8月向ieft提交。
      
      2.用途
      MD5的作用是对一段信息(message)生成信息摘要(message-digest),该摘要对该信息具有唯一性,可以作为数字签名。用于验证文件的有效性(是否有丢失或损坏的数据),对用户密码的加密,在哈希函数中计算散列值
      
      3.特点
      输入一个任意长度的字节串,生成一个128位的整数。由于算法的某些不可逆特征,在加密应用上有较好的安全性。并且,MD5算法的使用不需要支付任何版权费用。
      
      4.说明
      唯一性和不可逆性都不是绝对的,从理论上分析是一种多对一的关系,但两个不同的信息产生相同摘要的概率很小。不可逆是指从输出反推输入所需的运算量和计算时间太大,使用穷搜字典的方法又需要太多的存储空间。
      
      5.算法描述
      
      算法输入是一个字节串,每个字节是8个bit.
      算法的执行分为以下几个步骤:
      
      第一步,补位:
      MD5算法先对输入的数据进行补位,使得数据的长度(以byte为单位)对64求余的结果是56。即数据扩展至LEN=K*64+56个字节,K为整数。
      补位方法:补一个1,然后补0至满足上述要求。相当于补一个0x80的字节,再补值为0的字节。这一步里总共补充的字节数为0~63个。
      
      第二步,附加数据长度:
      用一个64位的整数表示数据的原始长度(以bit为单位),将这个数字的8个字节按低位的在前,高位在后的顺序附加在补位后的数据后面。这时,数据被填补后的总长度为:
       LEN = K*64+56+8=(K+1)*64 Bytes。


      ※注意那个64位整数是输入数据的原始长度而不是填充字节后的长度,我就在这里栽了跟头.
      
      第三步,初始化MD5参数:
      有四个32位整数变量 (A,B,C,D) 用来计算信息摘要,每一个变量被初始化成以下以十六进制数表示的数值,低位的字节在前面。
       word A: 01 23 45 67
       word B: 89 ab cd ef
       word C: fe dc ba 98
       word D: 76 54 32 10
      ※注意低位的字节在前面指的是Little Endian平台上内存中字节的排列方式,而在程序中书写时,要写成:
       A=0x67452301
       B=0xefcdab89
       C=0x98badcfe
       D=0x10325476
      
      第四步,定义四个MD5基本的按位操作函数:
      X,Y,Z为32位整数。
       F(X,Y,Z) = (X and Y) or (not(X) and Z)
       G(X,Y,Z) = (X and Z) or (Y and not(Z))
       H(X,Y,Z) = X xor Y xor Z
       I(X,Y,Z) = Y xor (X or not(Z))
      
      再定义四个分别用于四轮变换的函数。
      设Mj表示消息的第j个子分组(从0到15),<<<s表示循环左移s位,则四种操作为:
       FF(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(F(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s)
       GG(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(G(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s)
       HH(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(H(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s)
       II(a,b,c,d,Mj,s,ti)表示a=b+((a+(I(b,c,d)+Mj+ti)<<<s)
      
      
      第五步,对输入数据作变换。
      处理数据,N是总的字节数,以64个字节为一组,每组作一次循环,每次循环进行四轮操作。要变换的64个字节用16个32位的整数数组M[0 ...15]表示。而数组T[1 ... 64]表示一组常数, T[i]为4294967296*abs(sin(i))的32位整数部分,i的单位是弧度,i的取值从1到64。
      具体过程如下:

      /* 设置主循环变量 */
      For i
    = 0 to N/16-1 do
      
      
    /*每循环一次,把数据原文存放在16个元素的数组X中. */
      For j
    = 0 to 15 do
      Set X[j] to M[i
    *16+j].
      end
    /结束对J的循环
      
      
    /* Save A as AA, B as BB, C as CC, and D as DD.
      
    */
      AA
    = A
      BB
    = B
      CC
    = C
      DD
    = D
      
      
    /* 第1轮*/
      
    /* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作
      a = b + ((a + F(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s).
    */
      
    /* Do the following 16 operations. */
      [ABCD 
    0 7 1] [DABC 1 12 2] [CDAB 2 17 3] [BCDA 3 22 4]
      [ABCD 
    4 7 5] [DABC 5 12 6] [CDAB 6 17 7] [BCDA 7 22 8]
      [ABCD 
    8 7 9] [DABC 9 12 10] [CDAB 10 17 11] [BCDA 11 22 12]
      [ABCD
    12 7 13] [DABC 13 12 14] [CDAB 14 17 15] [BCDA 15 22 16]
      
      
      
    /* 第2轮* */
      
    /* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作
      a = b + ((a + G(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s).
    */
      
    /* Do the following 16 operations. */
      [ABCD 
    1 5 17] [DABC 6 9 18] [CDAB 11 14 19] [BCDA 0 20 20]
      [ABCD 
    5 5 21] [DABC 10 9 22] [CDAB 15 14 23] [BCDA 4 20 24]
      [ABCD 
    9 5 25] [DABC 14 9 26] [CDAB 3 14 27] [BCDA 8 20 28]
      [ABCD
    13 5 29] [DABC 2 9 30] [CDAB 7 14 31] [BCDA 12 20 32]
      
      
    /* 第3轮*/
      
    /* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作
      a = b + ((a + H(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s).
    */
      
    /* Do the following 16 operations. */
      [ABCD 
    5 4 33] [DABC 8 11 34] [CDAB 11 16 35] [BCDA 14 23 36]
      [ABCD 
    1 4 37] [DABC 4 11 38] [CDAB 7 16 39] [BCDA 10 23 40]
      [ABCD
    13 4 41] [DABC 0 11 42] [CDAB 3 16 43] [BCDA 6 23 44]
      [ABCD 
    9 4 45] [DABC 12 11 46] [CDAB 15 16 47] [BCDA 2 23 48]
      
      
      
    /* 第4轮*/
      
    /* 以 [abcd k s i]表示如下操作
      a = b + ((a + I(b,c,d) + X[k] + T[i]) <<< s).
    */
      
    /* Do the following 16 operations. */
      [ABCD 
    0 6 49] [DABC 7 10 50] [CDAB 14 15 51] [BCDA 5 21 52]
      [ABCD
    12 6 53] [DABC 3 10 54] [CDAB 10 15 55] [BCDA 1 21 56]
      [ABCD 
    8 6 57] [DABC 15 10 58] [CDAB 6 15 59] [BCDA 13 21 60]
      [ABCD 
    4 6 61] [DABC 11 10 62] [CDAB 2 15 63] [BCDA 9 21 64]
      
      
    /* 然后进行如下操作 */
      A
    = A + AA
      B
    = B + BB
      C
    = C + CC
      D
    = D + DD
      
      Next i
    /* 结束对I的循环*/

       
      第六步,输出结果。
      A,B,C,D连续存放,共16个字节,128位。按十六进制依次输出这个16个字节。
      
      最后,用程序语言实现算法后,可以输入以下几个信息对程序作一个简单的测试,看看程序有没有错误。
       MD5 ("") = d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e
       MD5 ("a") = 0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661
       MD5 ("abc") = 900150983cd24fb0d6963f7d28e17f72
       MD5 ("message digest") = f96b697d7cb7938d525a2f31aaf161d0
       MD5 ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz") = c3fcd3d76192e4007dfb496cca67e13b
       MD5 ("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789") = d174ab98d277d9f5a5611c2c9f419d9f
       MD5 ("12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890") = 57edf4a22be3c955ac49da2e2107b67a
      
      MD5算法之C#程序
      
      MD5算法比较特别,最适合用汇编语言来写,好多高级语言对之无能无力或效率极低。比如我最开始尝试用Python和Euphoria编写,发现不太容易。相比而言,C#作为C家簇中新兴的一门.net语言,功能比较全面。花了一晚上的工夫终于用C#最先实现了MD5。主要是由于对算法的一些细节不太注意,结果输出总是不对,调试了好长时间。


    //源文件:md5.cs
    // MD5 Alogrithm
    // by rufi 2004.6.20 http://rufi.yculblog.com/
    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.IO;

    public class MD5
    {
    //static state variables
    private static UInt32 A;
    private static UInt32 B;
    private static UInt32 C;
    private static UInt32 D;

    //number of bits to rotate in tranforming
    private const int S11 = 7;
    private const int S12 = 12;
    private const int S13 = 17;
    private const int S14 = 22;
    private const int S21 = 5;
    private const int S22 = 9;
    private const int S23 = 14;
    private const int S24 = 20;
    private const int S31 = 4;
    private const int S32 = 11;
    private const int S33 = 16;
    private const int S34 = 23;
    private const int S41 = 6;
    private const int S42 = 10;
    private const int S43 = 15;
    private const int S44 = 21;

    /* F, G, H and I are basic MD5 functions.
    * 四个非线性函数:
    *
    * F(X,Y,Z) =(X&Y)|((~X)&Z)
    * G(X,Y,Z) =(X&Z)|(Y&(~Z))
    * H(X,Y,Z) =X^Y^Z
    * I(X,Y,Z)=Y^(X|(~Z))
    *
    * (&与,|或,~非,^异或)
    */
    private static UInt32 F(UInt32 x, UInt32 y, UInt32 z)
    {
    return (x & y) | ((~x) & z);
    }
    private static UInt32 G(UInt32 x, UInt32 y, UInt32 z)
    {
    return (x & z) | (y & (~z));
    }
    private static UInt32 H(UInt32 x, UInt32 y, UInt32 z)
    {
    return x ^ y ^ z;
    }
    private static UInt32 I(UInt32 x, UInt32 y, UInt32 z)
    {
    return y ^ (x | (~z));
    }

    /* FF, GG, HH, and II transformations for rounds 1, 2, 3, and 4.
    * Rotation is separate from addition to prevent recomputation.
    */
    private static void FF(ref UInt32 a, UInt32 b, UInt32 c, UInt32 d, UInt32 mj, int s, UInt32 ti)
    {
    a
    = a + F(b, c, d) + mj + ti;
    a
    = a << s | a >> (32 - s);
    a
    += b;
    }
    private static void GG(ref UInt32 a, UInt32 b, UInt32 c, UInt32 d, UInt32 mj, int s, UInt32 ti)
    {
    a
    = a + G(b, c, d) + mj + ti;
    a
    = a << s | a >> (32 - s);
    a
    += b;
    }
    private static void HH(ref UInt32 a, UInt32 b, UInt32 c, UInt32 d, UInt32 mj, int s, UInt32 ti)
    {
    a
    = a + H(b, c, d) + mj + ti;
    a
    = a << s | a >> (32 - s);
    a
    += b;
    }
    private static void II(ref UInt32 a, UInt32 b, UInt32 c, UInt32 d, UInt32 mj, int s, UInt32 ti)
    {
    a
    = a + I(b, c, d) + mj + ti;
    a
    = a << s | a >> (32 - s);
    a
    += b;
    }

    private static void MD5_Init()
    {
    A
    = 0x67452301; //in memory, this is 0x01234567
    B = 0xefcdab89; //in memory, this is 0x89abcdef
    C = 0x98badcfe; //in memory, this is 0xfedcba98
    D = 0x10325476; //in memory, this is 0x76543210
    }

    private static UInt32[] MD5_Append(byte[] input)
    {
    int zeros = 0;
    int ones = 1;
    int size = 0;
    int n = input.Length;
    int m = n % 64;
    if (m < 56)
    {
    zeros
    = 55 - m;
    size
    = n - m + 64;
    }
    else if (m == 56)
    {
    zeros
    = 0;
    ones
    = 0;
    size
    = n + 8;
    }
    else
    {
    zeros
    = 63 - m + 56;
    size
    = n + 64 - m + 64;
    }

    ArrayList bs
    = new ArrayList(input);
    if (ones == 1)
    {
    bs.Add((
    byte)0x80); // 0x80 = $10000000
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < zeros; i++)
    {
    bs.Add((
    byte)0);
    }

    UInt64 N
    = (UInt64)n * 8;
    byte h1 = (byte)(N & 0xFF);
    byte h2 = (byte)((N >> 8) & 0xFF);
    byte h3 = (byte)((N >> 16) & 0xFF);
    byte h4 = (byte)((N >> 24) & 0xFF);
    byte h5 = (byte)((N >> 32) & 0xFF);
    byte h6 = (byte)((N >> 40) & 0xFF);
    byte h7 = (byte)((N >> 48) & 0xFF);
    byte h8 = (byte)(N >> 56);
    bs.Add(h1);
    bs.Add(h2);
    bs.Add(h3);
    bs.Add(h4);
    bs.Add(h5);
    bs.Add(h6);
    bs.Add(h7);
    bs.Add(h8);
    byte[] ts = (byte[])bs.ToArray(typeof(byte));

    /* Decodes input (byte[]) into output (UInt32[]). Assumes len is
    * a multiple of 4.
    */
    UInt32[] output
    = new UInt32[size / 4];
    for (Int64 i = 0, j = 0; i < size; j++, i += 4)
    {
    output[j]
    = (UInt32)(ts[i] | ts[i + 1] << 8 | ts[i + 2] << 16 | ts[i + 3] << 24);
    }
    return output;
    }
    private static UInt32[] MD5_Trasform(UInt32[] x)
    {

    UInt32 a, b, c, d;

    for (int k = 0; k < x.Length; k += 16)
    {
    a
    = A;
    b
    = B;
    c
    = C;
    d
    = D;

    /* Round 1 */
    FF(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 0], S11, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */
    FF(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 1], S12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */
    FF(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 2], S13, 0x242070db); /* 3 */
    FF(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 3], S14, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */
    FF(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 4], S11, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */
    FF(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 5], S12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */
    FF(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 6], S13, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */
    FF(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 7], S14, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */
    FF(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 8], S11, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */
    FF(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 9], S12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */
    FF(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 10], S13, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */
    FF(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 11], S14, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */
    FF(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 12], S11, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */
    FF(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 13], S12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */
    FF(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 14], S13, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */
    FF(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 15], S14, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */

    /* Round 2 */
    GG(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 1], S21, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */
    GG(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 6], S22, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */
    GG(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 11], S23, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */
    GG(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 0], S24, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */
    GG(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 5], S21, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */
    GG(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 10], S22, 0x2441453); /* 22 */
    GG(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 15], S23, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */
    GG(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 4], S24, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */
    GG(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 9], S21, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */
    GG(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 14], S22, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */
    GG(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 3], S23, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */
    GG(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 8], S24, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */
    GG(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 13], S21, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */
    GG(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 2], S22, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */
    GG(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 7], S23, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */
    GG(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 12], S24, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */

    /* Round 3 */
    HH(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 5], S31, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */
    HH(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 8], S32, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */
    HH(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 11], S33, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */
    HH(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 14], S34, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */
    HH(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 1], S31, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */
    HH(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 4], S32, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */
    HH(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 7], S33, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */
    HH(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 10], S34, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */
    HH(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 13], S31, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */
    HH(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 0], S32, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */
    HH(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 3], S33, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */
    HH(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 6], S34, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */
    HH(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 9], S31, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */
    HH(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 12], S32, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */
    HH(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 15], S33, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */
    HH(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 2], S34, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */

    /* Round 4 */
    II(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 0], S41, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */
    II(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 7], S42, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */
    II(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 14], S43, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */
    II(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 5], S44, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */
    II(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 12], S41, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */
    II(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 3], S42, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */
    II(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 10], S43, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */
    II(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 1], S44, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */
    II(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 8], S41, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */
    II(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 15], S42, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */
    II(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 6], S43, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */
    II(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 13], S44, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */
    II(
    ref a, b, c, d, x[k + 4], S41, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */
    II(
    ref d, a, b, c, x[k + 11], S42, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */
    II(
    ref c, d, a, b, x[k + 2], S43, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */
    II(
    ref b, c, d, a, x[k + 9], S44, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */

    A
    += a;
    B
    += b;
    C
    += c;
    D
    += d;
    }
    return new UInt32[] { A, B, C, D };
    }
    public static byte[] MD5Array(byte[] input)
    {
    MD5_Init();
    UInt32[] block
    = MD5_Append(input);
    UInt32[] bits
    = MD5_Trasform(block);

    /* Encodes bits (UInt32[]) into output (byte[]). Assumes len is
    * a multiple of 4.
    */
    byte[] output = new byte[bits.Length * 4];
    for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < bits.Length; i++, j += 4)
    {
    output[j]
    = (byte)(bits[i] & 0xff);
    output[j
    + 1] = (byte)((bits[i] >> 8) & 0xff);
    output[j
    + 2] = (byte)((bits[i] >> 16) & 0xff);
    output[j
    + 3] = (byte)((bits[i] >> 24) & 0xff);
    }
    return output;
    }

    public static string ArrayToHexString(byte[] array, bool uppercase)
    {
    string hexString = "";
    string format = "x2";
    if (uppercase)
    {
    format
    = "X2";
    }
    foreach (byte b in array)
    {
    hexString
    += b.ToString(format);
    }
    return hexString;
    }

    public static string MDString(string message)
    {
    char[] c = message.ToCharArray();
    byte[] b = new byte[c.Length];
    for (int i = 0; i < c.Length; i++)
    {
    b[i]
    = (byte)c[i];
    }
    byte[] digest = MD5Array(b);
    return ArrayToHexString(digest, false);
    }
    public static string MDFile(string fileName)
    {
    FileStream fs
    = File.Open(fileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read);
    byte[] array = new byte[fs.Length];
    fs.Read(array,
    0, (int)fs.Length);
    byte[] digest = MD5Array(array);
    fs.Close();
    return ArrayToHexString(digest, false);
    }

    public static string Test(string message)
    {
    return "rnMD5 (" + message + ") = " + MD5.MDString(message);
    }
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
    Console.WriteLine(Test(
    ""));
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(Test(
    "a"));
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(Test(
    "abc"));
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(Test(
    "message digest"));
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(Test(
    "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"));
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(Test(
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789"));
    Console.WriteLine();
    Console.WriteLine(Test(
    "12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890"));
    Console.ReadLine();
    }
    }
    个性签名:做要做好,做到不三不四不如不做。
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hcbin/p/1812370.html
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