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Android（java）学习笔记86：Android提供打开各种文件的API接口：setDataAndType

1. Android 打开各种文件（setDataAndType）

private void openFile(File file){ 
     
    Intent intent = new Intent(); 
    intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); 
    //设置intent的Action属性 
    intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW); 
    //获取文件file的MIME类型 
        String type = getMIMEType(file); 
    //设置intent的data和Type属性。 
        intent.setDataAndType(/*uri*/Uri.fromFile(file), type); 
    //跳转 
       startActivity(intent);     //这里最好try一下，有可能会报错。 //比如说你的MIME类型是打开邮箱，但是你手机里面没装邮箱客户端，就会报错。
     
}

/**
 * 根据文件后缀名获得对应的MIME类型。
 * @param file
 */ 
private String getMIMEType(File file) { 
     
    String type="*/*"; 
    String fName = file.getName(); 
    //获取后缀名前的分隔符"."在fName中的位置。 
        int dotIndex = fName.lastIndexOf("."); 
    if(dotIndex < 0){ 
        return type; 
    } 
    /* 获取文件的后缀名*/ 
    String end=fName.substring(dotIndex,fName.length()).toLowerCase(); 
    if(end=="")return type; 
    //在MIME和文件类型的匹配表中找到对应的MIME类型。 
        for(int i=0;i<MIME_MapTable.length;i++){ //MIME_MapTable??在这里你一定有疑问，这个MIME_MapTable是什么？ 
               if(end.equals(MIME_MapTable[i][0])) 
            type = MIME_MapTable[i][1]; 
    }        
    return type; 
}

MIME_MapTable是所有文件的后缀名所对应的MIME类型的一个String数组：

  <span style="white-space: pre;">    </span>private final String[][] MIME_MapTable={ 
            //{后缀名，MIME类型} 
                        {".3gp",    "video/3gpp"}, 
            {".apk",    "application/vnd.android.package-archive"}, 
            {".asf",    "video/x-ms-asf"}, 
            {".avi",    "video/x-msvideo"}, 
            {".bin",    "application/octet-stream"}, 
            {".bmp",    "image/bmp"}, 
            {".c",  "text/plain"}, 
            {".class",  "application/octet-stream"}, 
            {".conf",   "text/plain"}, 
            {".cpp",    "text/plain"}, 
            {".doc",    "application/msword"}, 
            {".docx",   "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"}, 
            {".xls",    "application/vnd.ms-excel"},  
            {".xlsx",   "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"}, 
            {".exe",    "application/octet-stream"}, 
            {".gif",    "image/gif"}, 
            {".gtar",   "application/x-gtar"}, 
            {".gz", "application/x-gzip"}, 
            {".h",  "text/plain"}, 
            {".htm",    "text/html"}, 
            {".html",   "text/html"}, 
            {".jar",    "application/java-archive"}, 
            {".java",   "text/plain"}, 
            {".jpeg",   "image/jpeg"}, 
            {".jpg",    "image/jpeg"}, 
            {".js", "application/x-javascript"}, 
            {".log",    "text/plain"}, 
            {".m3u",    "audio/x-mpegurl"}, 
            {".m4a",    "audio/mp4a-latm"}, 
            {".m4b",    "audio/mp4a-latm"}, 
            {".m4p",    "audio/mp4a-latm"}, 
            {".m4u",    "video/vnd.mpegurl"}, 
            {".m4v",    "video/x-m4v"},  
            {".mov",    "video/quicktime"}, 
            {".mp2",    "audio/x-mpeg"}, 
            {".mp3",    "audio/x-mpeg"}, 
            {".mp4",    "video/mp4"}, 
            {".mpc",    "application/vnd.mpohun.certificate"},        
            {".mpe",    "video/mpeg"},   
            {".mpeg",   "video/mpeg"},   
            {".mpg",    "video/mpeg"},   
            {".mpg4",   "video/mp4"},    
            {".mpga",   "audio/mpeg"}, 
            {".msg",    "application/vnd.ms-outlook"}, 
            {".ogg",    "audio/ogg"}, 
            {".pdf",    "application/pdf"}, 
            {".png",    "image/png"}, 
            {".pps",    "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"}, 
            {".ppt",    "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"}, 
            {".pptx",   "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"}, 
            {".prop",   "text/plain"}, 
            {".rc", "text/plain"}, 
            {".rmvb",   "audio/x-pn-realaudio"}, 
            {".rtf",    "application/rtf"}, 
            {".sh", "text/plain"}, 
            {".tar",    "application/x-tar"},    
            {".tgz",    "application/x-compressed"},  
            {".txt",    "text/plain"}, 
            {".wav",    "audio/x-wav"}, 
            {".wma",    "audio/x-ms-wma"}, 
            {".wmv",    "audio/x-ms-wmv"}, 
            {".wps",    "application/vnd.ms-works"}, 
            {".xml",    "text/plain"}, 
            {".z",  "application/x-compress"}, 
            {".zip",    "application/x-zip-compressed"}, 
            {"",        "*/*"}   
        };

1. Intent open a picture file public:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");  
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/images/001041580.jpg"));  
intent.setDataAndType (uri, "image/*");  
this.startActivity(intent);

2. Intent to open a PDF file:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");  
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("file:///android_asset/helphelp.pdf"));  
intent.setDataAndType (uri, "application/pdf");  
this.startActivity(intent);

3. Intent to open a text file:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");  
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
if (paramBoolean)  
{  
Uri uri1 = Uri.parse (param);  
intent.setDataAndType (URI1, "text/plain");  
}  
else  
{  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/hello.txt"));  
intent.setDataAndType (URI2, "text/plain");  
}  
this.startActivity(intent);

4. Intent to open the audio file:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);  
intent.putExtra ("oneshot", 0);  
intent.putExtra ("configchange", 0);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/ren.mp3"));  
intent.setDataAndType (uri, "audio/*");  
this.startActivity(intent);

5. Intent to open the video file:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);  
intent.putExtra ("oneshot", 0);  
intent.putExtra ("configchange", 0);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/ice.avi"));  
intent.setDataAndType (uri, "video/*");  
this.startActivity(intent);

6. Intent to open the CHM file:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");  
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/ice.chm"));  
intent.setDataAndType (uri, "application / x-chm");  
this.startActivity(intent);

7. Intent to open a Word document:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");  
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/system/etc/help.doc"));  
intent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/msword");  
this.startActivity(intent);

8. Android Excel intent:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");  
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/Book1.xls"));  
intent.setDataAndType (uri, "application/vnd.ms-excel");  
this.startActivity(intent);

9. Intent to open the PPT file:

Intent intent = new Intent("android.intent.action.VIEW");  
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");  
intent.addFlags (Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);  
Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new  
File("/mnt/sdcard/download/Android_PPT.ppt"));  
intent.setDataAndType (uri, "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint");  
this.startActivity(intent);

10.Display Html page:

Uri uri = Uri.parse ("http://www.google.com");   
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);   
this.startActivity(intent);

11. Show map:

Uri uri = Uri.parse ("geo: 38.899533, -77.036476");   
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.Action_VIEW, uri);   
this.startActivity(intent);

12. Call the dialer:

Uri uri = Uri.parse ("tel: xxxxxx");   
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_DIAL, uri);   
this.startActivity(intent);

13. Call :

Uri uri = Uri.parse ("tel: xxxxxx");   
Intent it = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_CALL, uri);    
this.startActivity(intent);  
/*permission:  
<uses-permission id="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"> 
</uses-permission> */

14. Call to send text messages of the program :

Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_VIEW);  
intent.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");  
intent.setType("vnd.android-dir/mms-sms");  
this.startActivity(intent);

15. Send SMS :

Uri uri = Uri.parse("smsto:0800000123");  
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);  
intent.putExtra("sms_body", "The SMS text");  
this.startActivity(intent);

16. Send MMS :

Java代码

Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://media/external/images/media/23");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra("sms_body", "some text");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, uri);
intent.setType("image/png");
this.startActivity(intent);

17. Send an Email :

Java代码

Uri uri = Uri.parse ("mailto: xxx@abc.com");
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_SENDTO, uri);
this.startActivity(intent);

18. Send an Email with body :

Java代码

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL,"me@abc.com");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,"The email body text");
intent.setType ("text/plain");
this.startActivity(
Intent.createChooser(intent, "Choose Email Client"));

19. Send an Email with body,to,cc :

Java代码

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
String [] tos ={"me@abc.com"};
String [] ccs ={"you@abc.com"};
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, tos);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_CC, ccs);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "The email body text");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "The email subject text");
intent.setType("message/rfc822");
this.startActivity(
Intent.createChooser(intent, "Choose Email Client"));

20. Send an Email with attachments :

Java代码

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,"The email subject text");
intent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM,"file :///sdcard/mysong.mp3");
sendIntent.setType("audio/mp3");
this.startActivity(
Intent.createChooser(intent,"Choose Email Client"));

21. Uninstall the program :

Java代码

Uri uri = Uri.fromParts ("package", strPackageName, null);
Intent intent = new Intent (Intent.ACTION_DELETE, uri);
this.startActivity(
Intent.createChooser(intent,"Choose Email Client"));

22. Install the apk :

Java代码

Uri installUri = Uri.fromParts("package", "xxx", null);
returnIt = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED, installUri);
this.startActivity(returnIt);

23. Search applications :

Java代码

Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://search?Q=pname:pkg_name");
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
this.startActivity(intent);
//Where pkg_name is the full package path for an application

24. Google Search Launch Web Browser :

Java代码

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);
String term = "Android";
intent.putExtra(SearchManager.QUERY, term);
activity.startActivity(intent);

25. Send text using Intent (to messaging apps) :

Java代码

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);
String msgBody = "This is message";
Intent intent = new Intent(android.content.Intent.ACTION_SEND);
intent.setType("text/plain");
intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT,
"message subject");
intent.putExtra(android.content.Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, msgBody);
activity.startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent, getResources().
getString(R.string.share_by_using)));

26. Create Shortcut on "Home Screen" :

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_WEB_SEARCH);
Intent toPrint = new Intent(this, anCreateshutcut.class);
Intent addShortcut = new Intent
("com.android.launcher.action.INSTALL_SHORTCUT");
addShortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_NAME, "Shutcutname");
addShortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_INTENT, toPrint);
addShortcut.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SHORTCUT_ICON_RESOURCE,
Intent.ShortcutIconResource.fromContext(this, R.drawable.icon));
Manifest file:
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.CREATE_SHORTCUT">
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER">
</category></action></intent-filter>
<uses-permission android:name="com.android.launcher.
permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT">
</uses-permission>

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/hebao0514/p/4711811.html