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  • Java基础知识强化102:线程间共享数据

    一、每个线程执行的代码相同

    若每个线程执行的代码相同,共享数据就比较方便。可以使用同一个Runnable对象,这个Runnable对象中就有那个共享数据

     1 public class MultiThreadShareData
     2   {
     3          public static void main(String[] args)
     4          {
     5                 SaleTickets sale = new SaleTickets();
     6                 new Thread(sale).start();
     7                 new Thread(sale).start();
     8            }
     9   }
    10  class SaleTickets implements Runnable
    11  {
    12          public int allTicketCount = 20;
    13          public void run()
    14          {
    15               while (allTicketCount > 0)
    16               {
    17                      sale();
    18                }
    19           }
    20          public synchronized void sale()
    21          {
    22             System.out.println("剩下" + allTicketCount);
    23             allTicketCount--;
    24          }
    25  }        

     SaleTickets这个对象中就有需要共享的数据allTicketCount,两个线程使用同一个SaleTickets,就可以共享allTicketCount了。

    二、每个线程执行的代码不相同

    方法1:将需要共享的数据封装成一个对象,将该对象传给执行不同代码的Runnable对象。
    方法2:将这些执行不同代码的Runnable对象作为内部类。

    看例子:有4个线程,其中有2个线程对每次对j +1,有2个线程对每次对j -1。加减操作无顺序。

    (1)方法1

     1 public class MultiThreadShareData3
     2 {
     3     public static void main(String[] args)
     4     {
     5         int j = 10;
     6         NumberInfo nInfo = new NumberInfo(j);
     7         for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
     8        {
     9            new Thread(new NumberInfoAdd("增线程", nInfo)).start();
    10            new Thread(new NumberInfoMinus("减线程", nInfo)).start();
    11          }
    12      }
    13 }
    14 
    15 class NumberInfo
    16 {
    17       private int number;
    18       public NumberInfo(int number)
    19      {
    20           this.number = number;
    21       }
    22       public int getNumber()
    23      {
    24           return number;
    25       }
    26       public void setNumber(int number)
    27      {
    28           this.number = number;
    29       }
    30       public void add()
    31      {
    32           System.out.println("数值:" + (++number));
    33       }
    34       public void minus()
    35      {
    36           System.out.println("数值:" + (--number));
    37       }
    38 }
    39 
    40 // 增操作
    41 class NumberInfoAdd implements Runnable
    42 {
    43       private String name;
    44       private NumberInfo nInfo;
    45       public NumberInfoAdd(String name, NumberInfo nInfo)
    46      {
    47           this.name = name;
    48           this.nInfo = nInfo;
    49       }
    50       public void run()
    51      {
    52           add();
    53       }
    54       public void add()
    55      {
    56           synchronized (nInfo)
    57           {
    58                System.out.print(name + "--");
    59                nInfo.add();
    60            }
    61        }
    62 }
    63 
    64 // 减操作
    65 class NumberInfoMinus implements Runnable
    66 {
    67        private String name;
    68        private NumberInfo nInfo;
    69        public NumberInfoMinus(String name, NumberInfo nInfo)
    70       {
    71            this.name = name;
    72            this.nInfo = nInfo;
    73        }
    74        public void run()
    75       {
    76            minus();
    77        }
    78        public void minus()
    79       {
    80            synchronized (nInfo)
    81           {
    82             System.out.print(name + "--");
    83             nInfo.minus();
    84          }
    85        }
    86 }

    (2)方法2

     1 public class MultiThreadShareData4
     2 {
     3      int j = 10;
     4      public static void main(String[] args)
     5      {
     6           MultiThreadShareData4 m = new MultiThreadShareData4();
     7           for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
     8           {
     9                new Thread(m.new NumberInfoAdd()).start();
    10                new Thread(m.new NumberInfoMinus()).start();
    11            }
    12       }
    13      public synchronized void add()
    14      {
    15           System.out.println("增加后数值:" + (++j));
    16       }
    17      public synchronized void minus()
    18      {
    19           System.out.println("減少后数值:" + (--j));
    20       }
    21 
    22      //
    23     class NumberInfoAdd implements Runnable
    24     {
    25          public void run()
    26         {
    27             add();
    28         }
    29      }
    30 
    31      //
    32     class NumberInfoMinus implements Runnable
    33     {
    34          public void run()
    35         {
    36             minus();
    37         }
    38     }
    39 }    

    执行结果可能是

    增线程--数值:11
    增线程--数值:12
    减线程--数值:11
    减线程--数值:10

    执行结果也可能是
    增线程--数值:11
    减线程--数值:10
    减线程--数值:9
    增线程--数值:10

    三、其实线程执行相同代码也可以按照这些方法来做,看一个方法1

     1 public class MultiThreadShareData2
     2 {
     3      public static void main(String[] args)
     4      {
     5           TicketInfo tInfo = new TicketInfo(20);
     6           new Thread(new SaleTickets2("线程1", tInfo)).start();
     7           new Thread(new SaleTickets2("线程2", tInfo)).start();
     8       }
     9 }
    10 class TicketInfo
    11 {
    12      private int allTicketCount;
    13      public TicketInfo(int allTicketCount)
    14     {
    15           this.allTicketCount = allTicketCount;
    16      }
    17      public int getAllTicketCount()
    18     {
    19          return allTicketCount;
    20      }
    21      public void setAllTicketCount(int allTicketCount)
    22      {
    23          this.allTicketCount = allTicketCount;
    24       }
    25      public void sale()
    26      {
    27          System.out.println("剩余:" + allTicketCount--);
    28       }
    29 }
    30 class SaleTickets2 implements Runnable
    31 {
    32      private String name;
    33      private TicketInfo tInfo;
    34      public SaleTickets2(String name, TicketInfo tInfo)
    35      {
    36           this.name = name;
    37           this.tInfo = tInfo;
    38       }
    39      public void run()
    40      {
    41           while (tInfo.getAllTicketCount() > 0)
    42           {
    43                sale();
    44            }
    45      }
    46      public void sale()
    47      {
    48            synchronized (tInfo)
    49           {
    50                 System.out.print(name + "--");
    51                 tInfo.sale();
    52           }
    53      }
    54 }         
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hebao0514/p/5072476.html
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