开发中需要传递变参,考虑使用 dynamic 还是 Dictionary(准确地说是Dictionary<string,object>)。dynamic 的编码体验显著优于 Dictionary,如果性能差距不大的话,我会选择使用dynamic。搜索后没有找到类似对比数据,决定自行实验。
首先使用以下测试代码:
public void TestDynamic()
{
var e = CallDynamic(new { Value = 0 });
int v = e.Value;
}
public void TestDictionary()
{
var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();
dict["Value"] = 0;
dict = CallDictionary(dict);
int v = (int)dict["Value"];
}
private dynamic CallDynamic(dynamic test)
{
int v = test.Value;
v++;
return new { Value = v };
}
private Dictionary<string, object> CallDictionary(
Dictionary<string, object> test)
{
int v = (int)test["Value"];
v++;
var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();
dict["Value"] = v;
return dict;
}
分别比较运行 1次、10次、100次、1000次、1e4次、1e5次、1e6次 时间
结果:
其中dynamic列和dynamic2列的数据分别是:
在一次运行中执行一步测试 和 在一次运行中连续执行所有测试
分析测试过程和数据,得到以下结论:
1.dynamic首次使用会产生一定的性能损耗
2.无论是否首次使用,使用次数达到一定量级,dynamic性能一定优于Dictionary
3.一次运行中连续使用dynamic会显著拉低平均性能损耗
考虑到传递变参可能出现多个参数,以上测试不完全。
使用以下代码进行第二阶段实验:
public void InvokeDynamic()
{
var e = CallDynamic2(
new { Value1 = 0, Value2 = 0L, Value3 = 0f, Value4 = 0.0, Value5 = "test" });
int v1 = e.Value1;
long v2 = e.Value2;
float v3 = e.Value3;
double v4 = e.Value4;
string v5 = e.Value5;
}
public void InvokeDictionary()
{
var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();
dict["Value1"] = 0;
dict["Value2"] = 0L;
dict["Value3"] = 0f;
dict["Value4"] = 0.0;
dict["Value5"] = "test";
dict = CallDictionary2(dict);
int v1 = (int)dict["Value1"];
long v2 = (long)dict["Value2"];
float v3 = (float)dict["Value3"];
double v4 = (double)dict["Value4"];
string v5 = (string)dict["Value5"];
}
private dynamic CallDynamic2(dynamic test)
{
int v1 = test.Value1;
long v2 = test.Value2;
float v3 = test.Value3;
double v4 = test.Value4;
string v5 = test.Value5;
v1++;
v2++;
v3++;
v4++;
v5 += "test";
return new { Value1 = v1, Value2 = v2, Value3 = v3, Value4 = v4, Value5 = v5 };
}
private Dictionary<string, object> CallDictionary2(
Dictionary<string, object> test)
{
int v1 = (int)test["Value1"];
long v2 = (long)test["Value2"];
float v3 = (float)test["Value3"];
double v4 = (double)test["Value4"];
string v5 = (string)test["Value5"];
v1++;
v2++;
v3++;
v4++;
v5 += "test";
var dict = new Dictionary<string, object>();
dict["Value1"] = v1;
dict["Value2"] = v2;
dict["Value3"] = v3;
dict["Value4"] = v4;
dict["Value5"] = v5;
return dict;
}
结果数据:
最后决定选择使用dynamic
有兄弟考虑可能Box损耗了性能导致Dictionary表现不佳,
专门做了第三阶段实验,对比dynamic和Dictionary<string,long>
具体数据不贴了,结果是dynamic在100000量级快一倍