cuda中thread id

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//
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//
// Please refer to the NVIDIA end user license agreement (EULA) associated
// with this source code for terms and conditions that govern your use of
// this software. Any use, reproduction, disclosure, or distribution of
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////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

//
// This sample illustrates the usage of CUDA events for both GPU timing and
// overlapping CPU and GPU execution.  Events are inserted into a stream
// of CUDA calls.  Since CUDA stream calls are asynchronous, the CPU can
// perform computations while GPU is executing (including DMA memcopies
// between the host and device).  CPU can query CUDA events to determine
// whether GPU has completed tasks.
//

// includes, system
#include <stdio.h>

// includes CUDA Runtime
#include <cuda_runtime.h>

// includes, project
#include <helper_cuda.h>
#include <helper_functions.h> // helper utility functions 

__global__ void increment_kernel(int *g_data, int inc_value)
{
    int idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;// thread id 计算分三级:thread, block .grid . 
    g_data[idx] = g_data[idx] + inc_value; //每一个线程,把对应的操作数增加一个常数 
}

bool correct_output(int *data, const int n, const int x)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        if (data[i] != x)
        {
            printf("Error! data[%d] = %d, ref = %d
", i, data[i], x);
            return false;
        }

    return true;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    int devID;
    cudaDeviceProp deviceProps;

    printf("[%s] - Starting...
", argv[0]);

    // This will pick the best possible CUDA capable device
    devID = findCudaDevice(argc, (const char **)argv);

    // get device name
    checkCudaErrors(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&deviceProps, devID));
    printf("CUDA device [%s]
", deviceProps.name);

    int n = 16 * 1024 * 1024;
    int nbytes = n * sizeof(int);
    int value = 26;

    // allocate host memory
    int *a = 0;
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMallocHost((void **)&a, nbytes));
    memset(a, 0, nbytes);

    // allocate device memory
    int *d_a=0;
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMalloc((void **)&d_a, nbytes));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaMemset(d_a, 255, nbytes));

    // set kernel launch configuration
    dim3 threads = dim3(1024, 1);//每个block1024个threads，一维
    dim3 blocks  = dim3(n / threads.x, 1);//block数量，
    
    // create cuda event handles
    cudaEvent_t start, stop;//运算计时
    checkCudaErrors(cudaEventCreate(&start));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaEventCreate(&stop));

    StopWatchInterface *timer = NULL;
    sdkCreateTimer(&timer);
    sdkResetTimer(&timer);

    checkCudaErrors(cudaDeviceSynchronize());
    float gpu_time = 0.0f;
    printf("a=%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	
",a[n-1-0],a[n-1-1],a[n-1-2],a[n-1-3],a[n-1-4],a[n-1-5],a[n-1-6],a[n-1-7],a[n-1-8]);
    // asynchronously issue work to the GPU (all to stream 0)
    sdkStartTimer(&timer);
    cudaEventRecord(start, 0);
    cudaMemcpyAsync(d_a, a, nbytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice, 0);//把host中变量a复制到device中的变量d_a
    increment_kernel<<<blocks, threads, 0, 0>>>(d_a, value);//device执行
    cudaMemcpyAsync(a, d_a, nbytes, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost, 0);//device结果复制到host
    cudaEventRecord(stop, 0);
    sdkStopTimer(&timer);

    // have CPU do some work while waiting for stage 1 to finish
    unsigned long int counter=0;

    while (cudaEventQuery(stop) == cudaErrorNotReady)
    {
        counter++;
    }

    checkCudaErrors(cudaEventElapsedTime(&gpu_time, start, stop));

    // print the cpu and gpu times
    printf("time spent executing by the GPU: %.2f
", gpu_time);
    printf("time spent by CPU in CUDA calls: %.2f
", sdkGetTimerValue(&timer));
    printf("CPU executed %lu iterations while waiting for GPU to finish
", counter);
    printf("a=%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	%d	
",a[n-1-0],a[n-1-1],a[n-1-2],a[n-1-3],a[n-1-4],a[n-1-5],a[n-1-6],a[7],a[8]);

    // check the output for correctness
    bool bFinalResults = correct_output(a, n, value);

    // release resources
    checkCudaErrors(cudaEventDestroy(start));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaEventDestroy(stop));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaFreeHost(a));
    checkCudaErrors(cudaFree(d_a));

    exit(bFinalResults ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
}

一个grid包含多个blocks，这些blocks的组织方式可以是一维，二维或者三维。任何一个block包含有多个Threads，这些Threads的组织方式也可以是一维，二维或者三维。举例来讲：比如上图中，任何一个block中有10个Thread，那么，Block(0,0)的第一个Thread的ThreadIdx是0，Block(1,0)的第一个Thread的ThreadIdx是11；Block(2,0)的第一个Thread的ThreadIdx是21，......，依此类推，