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  • Spring REST

    前面介绍过Spring的MVC结合不同的view显示不同的数据,如:结合json的view显示json、结合xml的view显示xml文档。那么这些数据除了在WebBrowser中用JavaScript来调用以外,还可以用远程服务器的Java程序、C#程序来调用。也就是说现在的程序不仅在BS中能调用,在CS中同样也能调用,不过你需要借助RestTemplate这个类来完成。RestTemplate有点类似于一个WebService客户端请求的模版,可以调用http请求的WebService,并将结果转换成相应的对象类型。至少你可以这样理解!

     

    上一次博文介绍SpringMVC结合不同的View,显示不同的数据。http://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/archive/2011/04/29/2032571.html

     

    Email:hoojo_@126.com

    Blog:http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo

    http://hoojo.cnblogs.com/

     

    一、准备工作

    1、 下载jar包

    spring各版本jar下载地址:http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/library/detail?name=org.springframework.spring

    相关的依赖包也可以在这里找到:http://ebr.springsource.com/repository/app/library

     

    2、 需要jar包如下

    clip_image002

     

    3、 当前工程的web.xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app version="2.4" 
        xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
        http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
        
        <!-- 配置Spring核心控制器 -->
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
                <param-value>/WEB-INF/dispatcher.xml</param-value>
            </init-param>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
            <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
        </servlet-mapping>
        
        <welcome-file-list>
          <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
        </welcome-file-list>
    </web-app>

    4、 WEB-INF中的dispatcher.xml配置

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd">
     
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.hoo.*">
            <!-- 忽略这个类 -->
            <context:exclude-filter type="assignable" expression="com.hoo.client.RESTClient"/>
        </context:component-scan>
     
        <!-- annotation的方法映射适配器 -->
        <bean id="handlerAdapter" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"/>
        
        <!-- xml视图,XStreamMarshaller,可以转换任何形式的java对象 -->
        <bean name="xStreamMarshallingView" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.xml.MarshallingView">
            <property name="marshaller">
                <bean class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller">  
                    <!--  为了初始化XStreamMarshaller,这个类会把我们接口中得到结果以XML文档形式展现出来 -->
                    <property name="autodetectAnnotations" value="true"/>  
                </bean>  
            </property>
        </bean>
            
        <!-- 视图解析器,根据视图的名称new ModelAndView(name),在配置文件查找对应的bean配置 -->
        <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.BeanNameViewResolver">
            <property name="order" value="3"/>
        </bean>
     
        <!--  annotation默认的方法映射适配器 -->
        <bean id="handlerMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping">
            <property name="order" value="1" />
        </bean>
        
    </beans>

    5、 启动后,可以看到index.jsp 没有出现异常或错误。那么当前SpringMVC的配置就成功了。

     

    二、REST控制器实现

    REST控制器主要完成CRUD操作,也就是对于http中的post、get、put、delete。

    还有其他的操作,如head、options、trace。

    具体代码:

    package com.hoo.controller;
     
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
    import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
     
    /**
     * <b>function:</b>SpringMVC REST示例
     * @author hoojo
     * @createDate 2011-6-9 上午11:34:08
     * @file RESTController.java
     * @package com.hoo.controller
     * @project SpringRestWS
     * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
     * @email hoojo_@126.com
     * @version 1.0
     */
    @RequestMapping("/restful")
    @Controller
    public class RESTController {
        
        @RequestMapping(value = "/show", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public ModelAndView show() {
            System.out.println("show");
            ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView");
            model.addObject("show method");
            return model; 
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value = "/get/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
        public ModelAndView getUserById(@PathVariable String id) {
            System.out.println("getUserById-" + id);
            ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView");
            model.addObject("getUserById method -" + id);
            return model; 
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
        public ModelAndView addUser(String user) {
            System.out.println("addUser-" + user);
            ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView");
            model.addObject("addUser method -" + user);
            return model; 
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value = "/edit", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
        public ModelAndView editUser(String user) {
            System.out.println("editUser-" + user);
            ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView");
            model.addObject("editUser method -" + user);
            return model;
        }
        
        @RequestMapping(value = "/remove/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
        public ModelAndView removeUser(@PathVariable String id) {
            System.out.println("removeUser-" + id);
            ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView");
            model.addObject("removeUser method -" + id);
            return model;
        }
    }

    上面的方法对应的http操作:

    /show -> get 查询
    /get/id -> get 查询
    /add -> post 添加
    /edit -> put 修改
    /remove/id -> delete 删除

    在这个方法中,就可以看到RESTful风格的url资源标识

    @RequestMapping(value = "/get/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView getUserById(@PathVariable String id) {
        System.out.println("getUserById-" + id);
        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("xStreamMarshallingView");
        model.addObject("getUserById method -" + id);
        return model; 
    }

    value=”/get/{id}”就是url中包含get,并且带有id参数的get请求,就会执行这个方法。这个url在请求的时候,会通过Annotation的@PathVariable来将url中的id值设置到getUserById的参数中去。 ModelAndView返回的视图是xStreamMarshallingView是一个xml视图,执行当前请求后,会显示一篇xml文档。文档的内容是添加到model中的值。

     

    三、利用RestTemplate调用REST资源

    代码如下:

    package com.hoo.client;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
     
    /**
     * <b>function:</b>RestTemplate调用REST资源
     * @author hoojo
     * @createDate 2011-6-9 上午11:56:16
     * @file RESTClient.java
     * @package com.hoo.client
     * @project SpringRestWS
     * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
     * @email hoojo_@126.com
     * @version 1.0
     */
    @Component
    public class RESTClient {
        
        @Autowired
        private RestTemplate template;
        
        private final static String url = "http://localhost:8080/SpringRestWS/restful/";
        
        public String show() {
            return template.getForObject(url + "show.do", String.class, new String[]{});
        }
        
        public String getUserById(String id) {
            return template.getForObject(url + "get/{id}.do", String.class, id); 
        }
        
        public String addUser(String user) {
            return template.postForObject(url + "add.do?user={user}", null, String.class, user);
        }
        
        public String editUser(String user) {
            template.put(url + "edit.do?user={user}", null, user);
            return user;
        }
        
        public String removeUser(String id) {
            template.delete(url + "/remove/{id}.do", id);
            return id;
        }
    }

    RestTemplate的getForObject完成get请求、postForObject完成post请求、put对应的完成put请求、delete完成delete请求;还有execute可以执行任何请求的方法,需要你设置RequestMethod来指定当前请求类型。

    RestTemplate.getForObject(String url, Class<String> responseType, String... urlVariables)

    参数url是http请求的地址,参数Class是请求响应返回后的数据的类型,最后一个参数是请求中需要设置的参数。

    template.getForObject(url + "get/{id}.do", String.class, id);

    如上面的参数是{id},返回的是一个string类型,设置的参数是id。最后执行该方法会返回一个String类型的结果。

     

    下面建立一个测试类,完成对RESTClient的测试。代码如下:

    package com.hoo.client;
     
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
    import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
    import org.springframework.test.context.junit38.AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests;
     
    /**
     * <b>function:</b>RESTClient TEST
     * @author hoojo
     * @createDate 2011-6-9 下午03:50:21
     * @file RESTClientTest.java
     * @package com.hoo.client
     * @project SpringRestWS
     * @blog http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
     * @email hoojo_@126.com
     * @version 1.0
     */
    @ContextConfiguration("classpath:applicationContext-*.xml")
    public class RESTClientTest extends AbstractJUnit38SpringContextTests {
        
        @Autowired
        private RESTClient client;
        
        public void testShow() {
            System.out.println(client.show());
        }
        
        public void testGetUserById() {
            System.out.println(client.getUserById("abc"));
        }
        
        public void testAddUser() {
            System.out.println(client.addUser("jack"));
        }
        
        public void testEditUser() {
            System.out.println(client.editUser("tom"));
        }
        
        public void testRemoveUser() {
            System.out.println(client.removeUser("aabb"));
        }
    }

    我们需要在src目录下添加applicationContext-beans.xml完成对restTemplate的配置。restTemplate需要配置MessageConvert将返回的xml文档进行转换,解析成JavaObject。

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
        
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.hoo.*"/>
        
        <bean id="restTemplate" class="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate">
            <property name="messageConverters">
                <list>
                    <bean class="org.springframework.http.converter.xml.MarshallingHttpMessageConverter">
                        <property name="marshaller" ref="xStreamMarshaller"/>
                        <property name="unmarshaller" ref="xStreamMarshaller"/>
                    </bean>
                </list>
            </property>
        </bean>
        
        <bean id="xStreamMarshaller" class="org.springframework.oxm.xstream.XStreamMarshaller">
            <property name="annotatedClasses">
                <array>                
                </array>
            </property>
        </bean>
    </beans>

    上面配置了xStreamMarshaller是和RESTController中的ModelAndView的view对应的。因为那边是用xStreamMarshaller进行编组的,所以RestTemplate这边也需要用它来解组。RestTemplate还指出其他的MarshallingHttpMessageConverter;

  • 作者:hoojo
    出处:
    blog:http://blog.csdn.net/IBM_hoojo
    本文版权归作者和博客园共有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接,否则保留追究法律责任的权利。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hoojo/p/2077422.html
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