前言:
NPOI 技术在别人看来可能有点老生长谈了,但是对于我现在处于的这个创业型公司,还是挺前沿的,不知道是前辈们不知道这个技术,还是懒得去对现有的软件进行修改,因为在现有的软件中,几乎所有的数据导入导出都是依赖于:
Excel.Application(设置excel组件,系统权限,然后还得考虑版本一系列的问题)都是坑
基于现有的方法,之前的技术团队在软件没有推广之前可能自我感觉良好,没有进行一些系统性的测试,在加上一些别的因素吧,导致在工程文件中对 Excel.Application 的操作方法,操作类层出不穷,算了,不揭短了。
有的时候向领导提出想对项目框架优化,或者对代码的优化有所动作的时候,总会有层出不穷的原因导致这个动作渐渐的滞后。这只是一个点,可想而知在没有一个真正的技术经理参与的项目中,没有对框架优化,方法重构的发起人,本来不是很复杂的项目,代码的臃肿,堪忧。
算了,不吐槽了,可能是好久没有写博的原因。
数据输出方法:
/// <summary> /// 携带数据导出 /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource"></param> /// <param name="_excelName"></param> /// <param name="str_fieldtext"></param> public void export(DataTable dtSource, string _excelName, string str_fieldtext) { HttpContext curContext = HttpContext.Current; // 设置编码和附件格式 curContext.Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel"; curContext.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; curContext.Response.Charset = ""; string fileName = _excelName + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss") + ".xls"; //Excel文件名称 curContext.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName, Encoding.UTF8)); //调用导出具体方法Export() curContext.Response.BinaryWrite(Export(dtSource, _excelName, str_fieldtext).GetBuffer()); curContext.Response.End(); }
导出方法:
#region DataTable导出到Excel /// <summary> /// DataTable导出到Excel的MemoryStream Export() /// </summary> /// <param name="dtSource">DataTable数据源</param> /// <param name="strHeaderText">Excel表头文本</param> /// <param name="str_fieldtext"></param> public static MemoryStream Export(DataTable dtSource, string strHeaderText, string str_fieldtext) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet("Data"); ISheet sheet2 = workbook.CreateSheet("ShtDictionary"); //sheet.DisplayGridlines = false;//隐藏网格线 #region 右击文件 属性信息 { DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation(); dsi.Company = "NPOI"; workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi; SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation(); si.Author = "文件作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.ApplicationName = "创建程序信息"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息 si.LastAuthor = "最后保存者信息"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息 si.Comments = "作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.Title = "标题信息"; //填加xls文件标题信息 si.Subject = "主题信息";//填加文件主题信息 si.CreateDateTime = System.DateTime.Now; workbook.SummaryInformation = si; } #endregion ICellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); IDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat(); dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd"); //取得列宽 int[] arrColWidth = new int[dtSource.Columns.Count]; foreach (DataColumn item in dtSource.Columns) { arrColWidth[item.Ordinal] = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(item.ColumnName.ToString()).Length; } for (int i = 0; i < dtSource.Rows.Count; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < dtSource.Columns.Count; j++) { int intTemp = Encoding.GetEncoding(936).GetBytes(dtSource.Rows[i][j].ToString()).Length; if (intTemp > arrColWidth[j]) { arrColWidth[j] = intTemp; } } } int rowIndex = 0; foreach (DataRow row in dtSource.Rows) { #region 新建表,填充表头,填充列头,样式 if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0) { if (rowIndex != 0) { sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); } #region 表头及样式 { //IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); //headerRow.HeightInPoints = 25; //headerRow.CreateCell(0).SetCellValue(strHeaderText); //ICellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); //headStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center; //IFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); //font.FontHeightInPoints = 20; //font.Boldweight = 700; //headStyle.SetFont(font); //headerRow.GetCell(0).CellStyle = headStyle; //sheet.AddMergedRegion(new NPOI.SS.Util.CellRangeAddress(0, 0, 0, dtSource.Columns.Count - 1)); } #endregion #region 列头及样式 { IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); ICellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center; IFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 10; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); headStyle.FillPattern = FillPattern.SolidForeground; headStyle.FillForegroundColor = NPOI.HSSF.Util.HSSFColor.Yellow.Index2;//单元格背景色 HSSFPatriarch patr = sheet.CreateDrawingPatriarch() as HSSFPatriarch; HSSFClientAnchor a = new HSSFClientAnchor(); a.Dx1 = 0; a.Dy1 = 0; a.Dx2 = 0; a.Dy2 = 0; int colindex = 27; string[] str_text = { }; if (str_fieldtext.Length > 0) { str_text = str_fieldtext.Split(','); } foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { a.Col1 = column.Ordinal + 1;//批注起始位置的纵坐标(当前单元格位置+2) a.Col2 = column.Ordinal + 3;//批注结束位置的纵坐标 a.Row1 = column.Ordinal + 0;//批注起始位置的横坐标 a.Row2 = column.Ordinal + 4;//批注结束位置的横坐标 HSSFComment co = patr.CreateComment(a);//实例化批注模型 co.String = new HSSFRichTextString(Convert.ToString(column.ColumnName));//批注内容 co.Author = "XX软件";//批注者 if (str_text.Length > 0) headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(str_text[column.Ordinal]);//添加单元格内容 else headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.ColumnName);//添加单元格内容 headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellComment = co;//在该单元格是那个添加批注 headerRow.GetCell(column.Ordinal).CellStyle = headStyle;//给该单元格添加样式 sheet.SetColumnWidth(column.Ordinal, (arrColWidth[column.Ordinal] + 1) * 256);//设置列宽 #region 冻结 ///下面对CreateFreezePane的参数作一下说明: ///第一个参数表示要冻结的列数; ///第二个参数表示要冻结的行数,这里只冻结列所以为0; ///第三个参数表示右边区域可见的首列序号,从1开始计算; ///第四个参数表示下边区域可见的首行序号,也是从1开始计算,这里是冻结列,所以为0; //sheet.CreateFreezePane(1, 0, 1, 0);//冻结首列 sheet.CreateFreezePane(0, 1, 0, 1);//冻结首行 #endregion #region 下拉 //if (column.Ordinal == 0) //{ // sheet2.CreateRow(0).CreateCell(0).SetCellValue("itemA"); // sheet2.CreateRow(1).CreateCell(0).SetCellValue("itemB"); // sheet2.CreateRow(2).CreateCell(0).SetCellValue("itemC"); //} //else //{ // sheet2.GetRow(0).CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue("itemA" + column.Ordinal + ""); // sheet2.GetRow(1).CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue("itemB" + column.Ordinal + ""); // sheet2.GetRow(2).CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue("itemC" + column.Ordinal + ""); //} //string colname = string.Empty; //int remainder = 0; //remainder = colindex % 26; //if (remainder == 0) remainder = 26; //colname = Convert.ToString((char)(remainder + 64)); //IName range = workbook.CreateName(); //range.RefersToFormula = string.Format("{0}!$" + colname + "$1:$" + colname + "${1}", "ShtDictionary", 3); //range.NameName = "dicRange" + column.Ordinal + ""; //ISheet sheet1 = workbook.GetSheet("Data"); ////碰对了,第四个参数确定每次的下拉放到哪个column.Ordinal列,因缺思停 //CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(0, 65535, 0, column.Ordinal); //DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.CreateFormulaListConstraint("dicRange" + column.Ordinal + ""); //HSSFDataValidation dataValidate = new HSSFDataValidation(regions, constraint); //sheet1.AddValidationData(dataValidate); //colindex++; #endregion } } #endregion rowIndex = 1; } #endregion #region 填充内容 IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex); foreach (DataColumn column in dtSource.Columns) { ICell newCell = dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal); string drValue = row[column].ToString(); switch (column.DataType.ToString()) { case "System.String"://字符串类型 newCell.SetCellValue(drValue); break; case "System.DateTime"://日期类型 System.DateTime dateV; System.DateTime.TryParse(drValue, out dateV); newCell.SetCellValue(dateV); newCell.CellStyle = dateStyle;//格式化显示 break; case "System.Boolean"://布尔型 bool boolV = false; bool.TryParse(drValue, out boolV); newCell.SetCellValue(boolV); break; case "System.Int16"://整型 case "System.Int32": case "System.Int64": case "System.Byte": int intV = 0; int.TryParse(drValue, out intV); newCell.SetCellValue(intV); break; case "System.Decimal"://浮点型 case "System.Double": double doubV = 0; double.TryParse(drValue, out doubV); newCell.SetCellValue(doubV); break; case "System.DBNull"://空值处理 newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; default: newCell.SetCellValue(""); break; } } #endregion rowIndex++; } using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { workbook.Write(ms); ms.Flush(); ms.Position = 0; return ms; } } #endregion
读取excel 数据:
/// <summary> /// 读取excel ,默认第一行为标头(获取DataTable) /// </summary> /// <param name="strFileName">excel文档路径</param> /// <returns></returns> public DataTable Import(string strFileName) { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); HSSFWorkbook hssfworkbook; using (FileStream file = new FileStream(strFileName, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read)) { hssfworkbook = new HSSFWorkbook(file); } ISheet sheet = hssfworkbook.GetSheetAt(0); System.Collections.IEnumerator rows = sheet.GetRowEnumerator(); IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; for (int j = 0; j < cellCount; j++) { ICell cell = headerRow.GetCell(j); dt.Columns.Add(cell.ToString()); } for (int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= sheet.LastRowNum; i++) { IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i); DataRow dataRow = dt.NewRow(); for (int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++) { if (row.GetCell(j) != null) { if (row.GetCell(j).ToString().Contains('/')) { string[] a = row.GetCell(j).ToString().Split('/'); dataRow[j] = "20" + a[2] + "-" + a[0] + "-" + a[1]; } else { dataRow[j] = row.GetCell(j).ToString(); } } else { dataRow[j] = null; } } dt.Rows.Add(dataRow); } return dt; }
换一种方式:
/// <summary> /// 导出excel 模板 /// </summary> /// <param name="str_fieldid"></param> /// <param name="str_fieldtext"></param> /// <returns></returns> public void export(string _excelName, string str_fieldid, string str_fieldtext) { HSSFWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet("Data"); #region 右击文件 属性信息 { DocumentSummaryInformation dsi = PropertySetFactory.CreateDocumentSummaryInformation(); dsi.Company = "NPOI"; workbook.DocumentSummaryInformation = dsi; SummaryInformation si = PropertySetFactory.CreateSummaryInformation(); si.Author = "文件作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.ApplicationName = "创建程序信息"; //填加xls文件创建程序信息 si.LastAuthor = "最后保存者信息"; //填加xls文件最后保存者信息 si.Comments = "作者信息"; //填加xls文件作者信息 si.Title = "标题信息"; //填加xls文件标题信息 si.Subject = "主题信息";//填加文件主题信息 si.CreateDateTime = System.DateTime.Now; workbook.SummaryInformation = si; } #endregion ICellStyle dateStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); IDataFormat format = workbook.CreateDataFormat(); dateStyle.DataFormat = format.GetFormat("yyyy-mm-dd"); int rowIndex = 0; #region 新建表,填充表头,填充列头,样式 if (rowIndex == 65535 || rowIndex == 0) { if (rowIndex != 0) { sheet = workbook.CreateSheet(); } #region 列头及样式 { IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0); ICellStyle headStyle = workbook.CreateCellStyle(); headStyle.Alignment = HorizontalAlignment.Center; IFont font = workbook.CreateFont(); font.FontHeightInPoints = 10; font.Boldweight = 700; headStyle.SetFont(font); headStyle.FillPattern = FillPattern.SolidForeground; headStyle.FillForegroundColor = NPOI.HSSF.Util.HSSFColor.Yellow.Index2;//单元格背景色 HSSFPatriarch patr = sheet.CreateDrawingPatriarch() as HSSFPatriarch; HSSFClientAnchor a = new HSSFClientAnchor(); a.Dx1 = 0; a.Dy1 = 0; a.Dx2 = 0; a.Dy2 = 0; string[] str_text = { }; string[] str_field = { }; if (str_fieldtext.Length > 0) { str_text = str_fieldtext.Split(','); } if (str_fieldid.Length > 0) { str_field = str_fieldid.Split(','); } //取得列宽 int[] arrColWidth = new int[str_text.Length]; for (int i = 0; i < str_text.Length; i++) { a.Col1 = i + 1;//批注起始位置的纵坐标(当前单元格位置+2) a.Col2 = i + 3;//批注结束位置的纵坐标 a.Row1 = i + 0;//批注起始位置的横坐标 a.Row2 = i + 4;//批注结束位置的横坐标 HSSFComment co = patr.CreateComment(a);//实例化批注模型 co.String = new HSSFRichTextString(Convert.ToString(str_field[i]));//批注内容 co.Author = "XX软件";//批注者 if (str_text.Length > 0) headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(str_text[i]);//添加单元格内容 else headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(str_field[i]);//添加单元格内容 headerRow.GetCell(i).CellComment = co;//在该单元格是那个添加批注 headerRow.GetCell(i).CellStyle = headStyle;//给该单元格添加样式 sheet.SetColumnWidth(i, 20 * 256);//设置列宽 //sheet.SetColumnWidth(i, 250); #region 冻结 sheet.CreateFreezePane(0, 1, 0, 1);//冻结首行 #endregion } } #endregion rowIndex = 1; } #endregion using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream()) { workbook.Write(ms); ms.Flush(); ms.Position = 0; ExportOut(ms, _excelName); } } /// <summary> /// 输出方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="ms"></param> /// <param name="_excelName"></param> public void ExportOut(MemoryStream ms, string _excelName) { HttpContext curContext = HttpContext.Current; // 设置编码和附件格式 curContext.Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel"; curContext.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; curContext.Response.Charset = ""; string fileName = _excelName + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss") + ".xls"; //Excel文件名称 curContext.Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName, Encoding.UTF8)); //调用导出具体方法Export() curContext.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.GetBuffer()); curContext.Response.End(); }
NPOI组件: http://files.cnblogs.com/files/houlin/NPOI.zip
后言:
以上就是一些方法来自园子里好多前辈的博文,我自己没有做什么优化,目前只做记录,备忘,不喜勿喷。