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  • jQuery的威力

    jQuery如此之好用,和其在获取对象时使用与CSS选择器兼容的语法有很大关系,毕竟CSS选择器大家都很熟悉(关于CSS选择器可以看看十分钟搞定CSS选择器),但其强大在兼容了CSS3的选择器,甚至多出了很多。

    选择器

    有了CSS选择器基础后,看jQuery的选择器就很简单了,不再详细一一说明

    基本选择器  
    $(‘*’) 匹配页面所有元素
    $(‘#id’) id选择器
    $(‘.class’) 类选择器
    $(‘element’) 标签选择器
       
    组合/层次选择器  
    $(‘E,F’) 多元素选择器,用”,分隔,同时匹配元素E或元素F
    $(‘E F’) 后代选择器,用空格分隔,匹配E元素所有的后代(不只是子元素、子元素向下递归)元素F
    $(E>F) 子元素选择器,用”>”分隔,匹配E元素的所有直接子元素
    $(‘E+F’) 直接相邻选择器,匹配E元素之后相邻同级元素F
    $(‘E~F’) 普通相邻选择器(弟弟选择器),匹配E元素之后同级元素F(无论直接相邻与否)
    $(‘.class1.class2’) 匹配类名中既包含class1又包含class2的元素
    基本过滤选择器  
    $("E:first") 所有E中的第一个
    $("E:last") 所有E中的最后一个
    $("E:not(selector)") 按照selector过滤E
    $("E:even")              所有E中index是偶数
    $("E:odd")               所有E中index是奇数
    $("E:eq(n)")            所有E中index为n的元素
    $("E:gt(n)")            所有E中index大于n的元素
    $("E:ll(n)")             所有E中index小于n的元素
    $(":header") 选择h1~h7 元素
    $("div:animated") 选择正在执行动画效果的元素
    内容过滤器  
    $(‘E:contains(value)’) 内容中包含value值的元素
    $(‘E:empty’) 内容为空的元素
    $(‘E:has(F)’) 子元素中有F的元素,$(‘div:has(a)’):包含a标签的div
    $(‘E: parent’) 父元素是E的元素,$(‘td: parent’):父元素是td的元素
    可视化选择器  
    $(‘E:hidden’) 所有被隐藏的E
    $(‘E:visible’) 所有可见的E
    属性过滤选择器  
    $(‘E[attr]’) 含有属性attr的E
    $(‘E[attr=value]’) 属性attr=value的E
    $(‘E[attr !=value]’) 属性attr!=value的E
    $(‘E[attr ^=value]’) 属性attr以value开头的E
    $(‘E[attr $=value]’) 属性attr以value结尾的E
    $(‘E[attr *=value]’) 属性attr包含value的E
    $(‘E[attr][attr *=value]’) 可以连用
    子元素过滤器  
    $(‘E:nth-child(n)’) E的第n个子节点
    $(‘E:nth-child(3n+1)’) E的index符合3n+1表达式的子节点
    $(‘E:nth-child(even)’) E的index为偶数的子节点
    $(‘E:nth-child(odd)’) E的index为奇数的子节点
    $(‘E:first-clild’) 所有E的第一个子节点
    $(‘E:last-clild’) 所有E的最后一个子节点
    $(‘E:only-clild’) 只有唯一子节点的E的子节点
    表单元素选择器  
    $(‘E:type’) 特定类型的input
    $(‘:checked’) 被选中的checkbox或radio
    $(‘option: selected’) 被选中的option

    筛选方法

    .find(selector) 查找集合每个元素的子节点

    Get the descendants(子节点) of each element in the current set of matched elements, filtered by a selector, jQuery object, or element.

    $('li.item-ii').find('li').css('background-color', 'red');

    .filter(selector) 过滤当前集合内元素

    Reduce(减少) the set of matched elements to those that match the selector or pass the function's test.

    $('li').filter(':even').css('background-color', 'red');

    基本方法

    .ready(handler) 文档加载完成后执行的方法,区别于window.onload

    Specify a function to execute when the DOM is fully loaded.

    $(document).ready(function() {
      // Handler for .ready() called.
    });

    .each(function(index,element)) 遍历集合内每个元素

    Iterate over a jQuery object, executing a function for each matched element.

    $("li" ).each(function( index ) {
      console.log( index + ": " + $(this).text() );
    });

    jQuery.extend( target [, object1 ] [, objectN ] ) 合并对象

    Merge the contents of two or more objects together into the first object.

    var object = $.extend({}, object1, object2);

    获取元素

    .eq(index) 按index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象

    Reduce the set of matched elements to the one at the specified index.

    .eq(-index) 按逆序index获取jQuery对象集合中的某个特定jQuery对象

    • An integer indicating the position of the element, counting backwards from the last element in the set.

    $( "li" ).eq( 2 ).css( "background-color", "red" );

    .get(index) 获取jQuery集合对象中某个特定index的DOM对象(将jQuery对象自动转换为DOM对象)

    Retrieve one of the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object.

    console.log( $( "li" ).get( -1 ) );

    .get() 将jQuery集合对象转换为DOM集合对象并返回

    Retrieve the DOM elements matched by the jQuery object.

    console.log( $( "li" ).get() );

    .index() / .index(selector)/ .index(element) 从给定集合中查找特定元素index

    Search for a given element from among the matched elements.

    1. 没参数返回第一个元素index

    2.如果参数是DOM对象或者jQuery对象,则返回参数在集合中的index

    3.如果参数是选择器,返回第一个匹配元素index,没有找到返回-1

    var listItem = $( "#bar" );
    alert( "Index: " + $( "li" ).index( listItem ) );

    .clone([withDataAndEvents][,deepWithDataAndEvents]) 创建jQuery集合的一份deep copy(子元素也会被复制),默认不copy对象的shuju和绑定事件

    Create a deep copy of the set of matched elements.

    $( ".hello" ).clone().appendTo( ".goodbye" );

    .parent([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合selector的元素

    Get the parent of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.

    $( "li.item-a" ).parent('ul').css( "background-color", "red" );

    .parents([selector]) 获取jQuery对象符合选择器的祖先元素

    Get the ancestors of each element in the current set of matched elements, optionally filtered by a selector.

    $( "span.selected" ) .parents( "div" ) .css( "border", "2px red solid" )

    插入元素

    .append(content[,content]) / .append(function(index,html)) 向对象尾部追加内容

    Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the end of each element in the set of matched elements.

    1. 可以一次添加多个内容,内容可以是DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象

    2. 如果参数是function,function可以返回DOM对象、HTML string、 jQuery对象,参数是集合中的元素位置与原来的html值

    $( ".inner" ).append( "<p>Test</p>" );
    $( "body" ).append( $newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] );
    $( "p" ).append( "<strong>Hello</strong>" );
    $( "p" ).append( $( "strong" ) );
    $( "p" ).append( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );

    .appendTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素尾部,目标元素可以是selector, DOM对象, HTML string, 元素集合,jQuery对象;

    Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the end of the target.

    $( "h2" ).appendTo( $( ".container" ) );
    $( "<p>Test</p>" ).appendTo( ".inner" );

    .prepend(content[,content]) / .prepend(function(index,html)) 向对象头部追加内容,用法和append类似

    Insert content, specified by the parameter, to the beginning of each element in the set of matched elements.

    $( ".inner" ).prepend( "<p>Test</p>" );

    .prependTo(target) 把对象插入到目标元素头部,用法和prepend类似

    Insert every element in the set of matched elements to the beginning of the target.

    $( "<p>Test</p>" ).prependTo( ".inner" );

    .before([content][,content]) / .before(function) 在对象前面(不是头部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似

    Insert content, specified by the parameter, before each element in the set of matched elements.

    $( ".inner" ).before( "<p>Test</p>" );
    $( ".container" ).before( $( "h2" ) );
    $( "p" ).first().before( newdiv1, [ newdiv2, existingdiv1 ] );
    $( "p" ).before( "<b>Hello</b>" );
    $( "p" ).before( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );

    .insertBefore(target) 把对象插入到target之前(同样不是头部,是同级)

    Insert every element in the set of matched elements before the target.

    $( "h2" ).insertBefore( $( ".container" ) );

    .after([content][,content]) / .after(function(index)) 和before相反,在对象后面(不是尾部,而是外面,和对象并列同级)插入内容,参数和append类似

    Insert content, specified by the parameter, after each element in the set of matched elements.

    $( ".inner" ).after( "<p>Test</p>" );
    $( "p" ).after( document.createTextNode( "Hello" ) );

    .insertAfter(target) 和insertBefore相反,把对象插入到target之后(同样不是尾部,是同级)

    Insert every element in the set of matched elements after the target.

    $( "<p>Test</p>" ).insertAfter( ".inner" );
    $( "p" ).insertAfter( "#foo" );

    包裹元素

    .wrap(wrappingElement) / .wrap(function(index)) 为每个对象包裹一层HTML结构,可以是selector, element, HTML string, jQuery object

    Wrap an HTML structure around each element in the set of matched elements.

    <div class="container">
      <div class="inner">Hello</div>
      <div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
    </div>
    $( ".inner" ).wrap( "<div class='new'></div>" );
    复制代码
    <div class="container">
      <div class="new">
        <div class="inner">Hello</div>
      </div>
      <div class="new">
        <div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    复制代码

    .wrapAll(wrappingElement) 把所有匹配对象包裹在同一个HTML结构中

    Wrap an HTML structure around all elements in the set of matched elements.

    <div class="container">
      <div class="inner">Hello</div>
      <div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
    </div>
    $( ".inner" ).wrapAll( "<div class='new' />");
    <div class="container">
      <div class="new">
        <div class="inner">Hello</div>
        <div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
      </div>
    </div>

    .wrapInner(wrappingElement) / .wrapInner(function(index)) 包裹匹配元素内容,这个不好说,一看例子就懂

    Wrap an HTML structure around the content of each element in the set of matched elements.

    <div class="container">
      <div class="inner">Hello</div>
      <div class="inner">Goodbye</div>
    </div>
    $( ".inner" ).wrapInner( "<div class='new'></div>");
    复制代码
    <div class="container">
      <div class="inner">
        <div class="new">Hello</div>
      </div>
      <div class="inner">
        <div class="new">Goodbye</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    复制代码

    .unwap() 把DOM元素的parent移除

    Remove the parents of the set of matched elements from the DOM, leaving the matched elements in their place.

    pTags = $( "p" ).unwrap();

    属性方法

    .val() 获取元素的value值

    Get the current value of the first element in the set of matched elements.

    $( "input:checkbox:checked" ).val();

    .val(value) /.val(function(index,value)) 为元素设置值,index和value同样是指在为集合中每个元素设置的时候该元素的index和原value值

    Set the value of each element in the set of matched elements.

    $( "input" ).val( ‘hello’ );
    $( "input" ).on( "blur", function() {
      $( this ).val(function( i, val ) {
        return val.toUpperCase();
      });
    });

    .attr(attributeName) 获取元素特定属性的值

    Get the value of an attribute for the first element in the set of matched elements.

    var title = $( "em" ).attr( "title" );

    .attr(attributeName,value) / .attr(attributesJson) / .attr( attributeName, function(index, attr) ) 为元素属性赋值

    Set one or more attributes for the set of matched elements.

    复制代码
    $( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "alt", "Beijing Brush Seller" );
    
    $( "#greatphoto" ).attr({
      alt: "Beijing Brush Seller",
      title: "photo by Kelly Clark"
    });
    
    $( "#greatphoto" ).attr( "title", function( i, val ) {
      return val + " - photo by Kelly Clark";
    });
    复制代码

    .prop( propertyName ) 获取元素某特性值

    Get the value of a property for the first element in the set of matched elements.

    $( elem ).prop( "checked" )

    .prop(propertyName,value) / .prop(propertiesJson) / .prop(propertyName,function(index,oldPropertyValue)) 为元素特性赋值

    Set one or more properties for the set of matched elements.

    复制代码
    $( "input" ).prop( "checked", true );
    
    $( "input[type='checkbox']" ).prop( "checked", function( i, val ) {
      return !val;
    });
    
    $( "input[type='checkbox']" ).prop({
      disabled: true
    });
    复制代码

    关于attribute 和 property区别可以看看 jQuery的attr与prop

    .data(key,value) / .value(json) 为HTML DOM元素添加数据,HTML5元素 已有data-*属性

    Store arbitrary data associated with the matched elements.The .data() method allows us to attach data of any type to DOM elements in a way that is safe from circular references and therefore from memory leaks.

    $( "body" ).data( "foo", 52 );
    $( "body" ).data( "bar", { myType: "test", count: 40 } );
    $( "body" ).data( { baz: [ 1, 2, 3 ] } );

    .data(key) / .data() 获取获取data设置的数据或者HTML5 data-*属性中的数据

    Return the value at the named data store for the first element in the jQuery collection, as set by data(name, value) or by an HTML5 data-* attribute.

    alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) );
    alert( $( "body" ).data() );
    
    alert( $( "body" ).data( "foo" ) ); // undefined
    $( "body" ).data( "bar", "foobar" );
    alert( $( "body" ).data( "bar" ) ); // foobar

    CSS方法

    .hasClass(calssName) 检查元素是否包含某个class,返回true/false

    Determine whether any of the matched elements are assigned the given class.

    $( "#mydiv" ).hasClass( "foo" )

    .addClass(className) / .addClass(function(index,currentClass)) 为元素添加class,不是覆盖原class,是追加,也不会检查重复

    Adds the specified class(es) to each of the set of matched elements.

    $( "p" ).addClass( "myClass yourClass" );
    
    $( "ul li" ).addClass(function( index ) {
      return "item-" + index;
    });

    removeClass([className]) / ,removeClass(function(index,class)) 移除元素单个/多个/所有class

    Remove a single class, multiple classes, or all classes from each element in the set of matched elements.

    $( "p" ).removeClass( "myClass yourClass" );
    
    $( "li:last" ).removeClass(function() {
      return $( this ).prev().attr( "class" );
    });

    .toggleClass(className) /.toggleClass(className,switch) /  .toggleClass([switch]) / .toggleClass( function(index, class, switch) [, switch ] ) toggle是切换的意思,方法用于切换,switch是个bool类型值,这个看例子就明白

    Add or remove one or more classes from each element in the set of matched elements, depending on either the class's presence or the value of the switch argument.

    <div class="tumble">Some text.</div>

    第一次执行

    $( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" )
    <div class="tumble bounce">Some text.</div>

    第二次执行

    $( "div.tumble" ).toggleClass( "bounce" )
    <div class="tumble">Some text.</div>
    复制代码
    $( "#foo" ).toggleClass( className, addOrRemove );
    
    // 两种写法意思一样
    
    if ( addOrRemove ) {
      $( "#foo" ).addClass( className );
    } else {
      $( "#foo" ).removeClass( className );
    }
    复制代码
    复制代码
    $( "div.foo" ).toggleClass(function() {
      if ( $( this ).parent().is( ".bar" ) ) {
        return "happy";
      } else {
        return "sad";
      }
    });
    复制代码

    .css(propertyName) / .css(propertyNames) 获取元素style特定property的值

    Get the value of style properties for the first element in the set of matched elements.

    var color = $( this ).css( "background-color" );
    
     var styleProps = $( this ).css([
        "width", "height", "color", "background-color"
      ]);

    .css(propertyName,value) / .css( propertyName, function(index, value) ) / .css( propertiesJson ) 设置元素style特定property的值

    Set one or more CSS properties for the set of matched elements.

    复制代码
    $( "div.example" ).css( "width", function( index ) {
      return index * 50;
    });
    
    $( this ).css( "width", "+=200" );
    
    
    $( this ).css( "background-color", "yellow" );
    
       $( this ).css({
          "background-color": "yellow",
          "font-weight": "bolder"
        });
    复制代码

    事件方法

    .bind( eventType [, eventData ], handler(eventObject) ) 绑定事件处理程序,这个经常用,不多解释

    Attach a handler to an event for the elements.

    $( "#foo" ).bind( "click", function() {
      alert( "User clicked on 'foo.'" );
    });

    .delegate( selector, eventType, handler(eventObject) ) 这个看官方解释吧

    Attach a handler to one or more events for all elements that match the selector, now or in the future, based on a specific set of root elements.

    $( "table" ).on( "click", "td", function() {//这样把td的click事件处理程序绑在table上
      $( this ).toggleClass( "chosen" );
    });

    .on( events [, selector ] [, data ], handler(eventObject) ) 1.7后推荐使用,取代bind、live、delegate

    Attach an event handler function for one or more events to the selected elements.

    $( "#dataTable tbody" ).on( "click", "tr", function() {
      alert( $( this ).text() );
    });

    关于bind、live、delegate、on的区别可以看看 jQuery三种事件绑定方式.bind(),.live(),.delegate()

    .trigger( eventType [, extraParameters ] ) JavaScript出发元素绑定事件

    Execute all handlers and behaviors attached to the matched elements for the given event type.

    $( "#foo" ).trigger( "click" );

    .toggle( [duration ] [, complete ] ) / .toggle( options ) 隐藏或显示元素

    Display or hide the matched elements.

    $( ".target" ).toggle();
    $( "#clickme" ).click(function() {
      $( "#book" ).toggle( "slow", function() {
        // Animation complete.
      });
    });

    动画/Ajax

    这两部分内容比较多,不是简单的一个function就可以的,这里只是列举一下常用方法名,关于其使用可以看看 jQuery API animation ajax ,或者 jQuery的动画处理总结ASP.NET 使用Ajax

    动画

    queue/dequeue/clearQueue

    delay/stop

    fadeIn/fadeOut/fadeTo/fadeToggle

    slideUp/slideDown/slideToggle

    show/hide

    Ajax

    $.ajax

    $.load

    $.get

    最后

    了解了上面这些内容,使用jQuery进行web开发的时候就可以体验到jQuery的威力了。本文不是jQuery学习指南,仅仅是个常用方法介绍,如果大家想学习jQuery,最好的教材还是jQuery API,本文中示例与英文解释全部来源于jQuery API。 另外文中介绍内容远远不是jQuery全部,但是首先掌握了这些可以对jQuery有一个比较全面的认识,然后再学习其他内容的时候就可以游刃有余了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hubing/p/3359113.html
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