一、准备
1、知识准备
python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块，email负责构造邮件，smtplib负责发送邮件。
2、smtplib用到的方法
1 #coding=utf-8 2 import smtplib #引入包 3 4 5 smtpObj = smtplib.SMTP() #创建对象 6 smtpObj.connect() #连接smtp服务器 7 smtpObj.login() #登录邮箱 8 smtpObj.sendmail() #发送邮件 9 smtpObj.quit() #退出
3、email用到的模块和方法
from email.mime.text import MIMEText #格式化文本 from email.header import Header #格式化邮件头 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart #带附件的邮件 from email.mime.image import MIMEImage #带图片的邮件 msg=MIMEText() #使用MIMEText()将发送的消息标准化 #标准邮件需要三个头部信息： From, To, 和 Subject。 msg['From']='xxx' #必须定义 msg['To']='xxx' #可以不定义 msg['Subject']=Header()#使用Header()将发送的消息主题标准化 msg=MIMEMultipart()#构造MIMEMultipart对象，用以发送带附件的邮件 msg.attach() #附件 msg=MIMEImage() msg.add_header()
二、七种邮件内容发送方法实例
1、文件形式的邮件
1 #coding=utf-8 2 import smtplib 3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 4 from email.header import Header 5 6 sender = 'xxx@163.com' #定义发送邮箱地址 7 receiver = 'xxx@qq.com' #定义接收邮箱地址 8 subject = '这是邮件主题' #定义邮件主题 9 content = '这是邮件内容' 10 smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' #定义邮箱服务器 11 username = 'xxx@163.com' #定义登录邮箱账户 12 password = '****' #定义登录邮箱密码 13 14 msg = MIMEText(content,'plain','utf-8' )#第二个参数使用'plain',如果使用'text'发送内容为空，不知道为什么 15 msg['From']=sender #一定要指定'From'属性，否则会报554 16 msg['To']=receiver #多个邮件接收人时，如果报错，可以不指定 17 msg['Subject'] = Header(subject, 'utf-8') 18 19 #发送邮件 20 if __name__=='__main__': 21 smtp = smtplib.SMTP() 22 smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') 23 smtp.login(username, password) 24 smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) 25 smtp.quit()
2、HTML形式的邮件
1 #coding: utf-8 2 import smtplib 3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 4 5 #定义收发邮件的邮箱地址 6 sender = 'xxx@163.com' 7 receiver = 'xxx@qq.com' 8 #定义邮件主题和正文 9 subject = '这是邮件主题' 10 content = '</pre><h1>这是html格式的邮件内容</h1><pre>' 11 #定义邮箱服务器和邮箱账户 12 smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' 13 username = 'xxx@163.com' 14 password = '****' 15 16 #参数'html'指定邮件内容格式 17 msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8') 18 19 #标准邮件三大构成 20 msg['Subject'] = subject 21 msg['From'] = sender 22 msg['To'] = receiver 23 24 25 if __name__=='__main__': 26 smtp = smtplib.SMTP() 27 smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') 28 smtp.login(username, password) 29 smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) 30 smtp.quit()
3、带图片的HTML邮件
1 #coding: utf-8 2 import smtplib 3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 4 from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 5 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 6 7 #定义收发邮件的邮箱地址 8 sender = 'xxxx@163.com' 9 receiver = 'xxxx@qq.com' 10 #定义邮件主题和正文 11 subject = '这是邮件主题' 12 # 通过cid将图片文件关联起来 13 content ='<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!' 14 #定义邮箱服务器和邮箱账户 15 smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' 16 username = 'xxxx@163.com' 17 password = '****' 18 19 #如果存在内嵌资源，至少要定义multipart/related段。本例中html内嵌图片资源，所以使用related 20 msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('related') 21 msgRoot['Subject'] = subject 22 23 msgText = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8') 24 msgRoot.attach(msgText) #关联邮件内容 25 26 #获取并读取图片文件 27 fp = open('D:Hydrangeas.jpg', 'rb') 28 msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read()) 29 fp.close() 30 31 msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', 'image1') 32 msgRoot.attach(msgImage) #关联图片资源 33 34 35 if __name__=='__main__': 36 smtp = smtplib.SMTP() 37 smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') 38 smtp.login(username, password) 39 smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string()) 40 smtp.quit()
4、带附件的邮件
1 #coding: utf-8 2 import smtplib 3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText 4 from email.mime.image import MIMEImage 5 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart 6 7 #定义收发邮件的邮箱地址 8 sender = 'xxxx@163.com' 9 receiver = 'xxxx@qq.com' 10 #定义邮件主题和正文 11 subject = '这是邮件主题' 12 content ='<html><h1>这是一封带附件的邮件</h1></html>' 13 #定义邮箱服务器和邮箱账户 14 smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' 15 username = 'xxxxx@163.com' 16 password =' ****' 17 18 #定义邮件三大主题 19 #如果一封邮件中含有附件，那邮件的Content-Type域中必须定义multipart/mixed类型 20 msgRoot = MIMEMultipart('mixed') 21 msgRoot['Subject'] = subject 22 msgRoot['From'] = sender 23 msgRoot['To'] = receiver 24 25 26 #构造邮件正文 27 msgText = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8') 28 msgRoot.attach(msgText) 29 30 #构造附件 31 fp = open('d:\Hydrangeas.jpg','rb') 32 msgAtt = MIMEText(fp.read(),'base64','utf-8') 33 msgAtt["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' 34 msgAtt["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="Hydrangeas.jpg"' 35 msgRoot.attach(msgAtt) 36 37 38 if __name__=='__main__': 39 smtp = smtplib.SMTP() 40 smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') 41 smtp.login(username, password) 42 smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msgRoot.as_string()) 43 smtp.quit()
5、群发邮件
#coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText #定义收发邮件的邮箱地址 sender = 'xxxx@163.com' #将多个收件人放到数组中 receiver = ['1111@qq.com','2222@sina.com','3333@126.com'] #定义邮件主题和正文 subject = '这是邮件主题' content ='<html><h1>这是一封群发邮件</h1></html>' #定义邮箱服务器和邮箱账户 smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = 'xxxxx@163.com' password = '****' #定义邮件三大主题 msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8') msg['Subject'] = subject msg['From'] = sender # 实践发现需要将msg['To'] = receiver修改为以下形式 msg["To"] = ",".join(receiver) if __name__=='__main__': smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()
6、各种元素都包含的邮件
#!/usr/bin/env python3 #coding: utf-8 import smtplib from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.image import MIMEImage sender = 'xxxx@163.com' receiver = 'xxxx@126.com' subject = '这是邮件主题' smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com' username = 'xxxx@163.com' password = '****' # Create message container - the correct MIME type is multipart/alternative. msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative') msg['Subject'] = subject msg['From'] = sender msg['To'] = receiver # Create the body of the message (a plain-text and an HTML version). text = "Hi! How are you? Here is the link you wanted: http://www.python.org" html = """ <html> <head></head> <body> <p>Hi!<br> How are you?<br> Here is the <a href="http://www.python.org">link</a> you wanted. </p> </body> </html> """ # Record the MIME types of both parts - text/plain and text/html. part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain') part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html') # Attach parts into message container. # According to RFC 2046, the last part of a multipart message, in this case # the HTML message, is best and preferred. msg.attach(part1) msg.attach(part2) #构造附件 att = MIMEText(open('h:\python\1.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream' att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="1.jpg"' msg.attach(att) if __name__=='__main__': smtp = smtplib.SMTP() smtp.connect('smtp.163.com') smtp.login(username, password) smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string()) smtp.quit()