在 ASP.NET 2.0 中有几个新的数据源控件，例如，SqlDataSource、ObjectDataSource、XmlDataSource、AccessDataSource 和 SiteMapDataSource。它们全都可以用来从它们各自类型的数据源中检索数据，并且可以绑定到各种数据绑定控件。数据源控件减少了为检索和绑定数据甚至对数据进行排序、分页或编辑而需要编写的自定义代码的数量。
其中 ObjectDataSource 控件可针对各种基础数据存储区（如 SQL 数据库或 XML）启用声明性数据绑定模型。因为页开发人员也常常将数据检索（也可能包含业务逻辑）封装在一个组件对象中，从而在呈现页和数据提供程序之间引入另一个层。ObjectDataSource 控件允许开发人员使用此传统的三层结构构造应用程序，同时仍然能够利用 ASP.NET 中的声明性数据绑定模型的易用性优点。
关键
1、在数据层创建 强类型的DataSet和TableAdapter，TableAdapter查询可以使用现有的存储过程。注：直接把表或存储过程拖进来会自动创建TableAdapter
2、中间层的类用[System.ComponentModel.DataObject]声明为数据组件，CRUD方法分别对应[DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Insert)]，[DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Select)]，[DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Update)]，[DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Delete)]
3、web层使用ObjectDataSource展现数据，ObjectDataSource就相当于一个代理。ObjectDataSource只是查找具有匹配的参数名称的方法，它不会使用参数的 Type 或 Size，而只是对参数的名称进行匹配
4、其它
·<asp:Parameter />有ConvertEmptyStringToNull属性，默认是true。另外还有Direction属性
·注意<asp:BoundField />的这几个属性NullDisplayText，HtmlEncode，ApplyFormatInEditMode，InsertVisible，DataFormatString，ReadOnly
·DataKeyNames有多个值的话用“,”分隔，用<asp:ControlParameter />绑定的话给其加一个“PropertyName”属性，值类似如下“SelectedDataKey.Values[0]”
·关于绑定：简单属性，客户<%# custID %> ；集合，订单<asp:ListBox id="List1" datasource='<%# myArray %>' runat="server">；表达式， 合同<%# ( customer.FirstName + " " + customer.LastName ) %>；方法结果，未结余额<%# GetBalance(custID) %>
·<%# Eval("field1") %> 和 <%# Bind("field1") %>，Eval是单向绑定，Bind是双向邦定
·<asp:ObjectDataSource />有一个OldValuesParameterFormatString属性一般不用，不过如果要处理乐观并发之类的就会用到。当该属性的值为“original_{0}”的时候“original_参数名”则为初始值
·还有一些如编程方式给参数赋值，错误处理，得到返回值之类的请看源码
示例
相关存储过程和数据层略，见源码
单例模式的实现
App_Code/Singleton.cs
using System;using System.Data;using System.Configuration;using System.Web;using System.Web.Security;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;
/// <summary>
/// Singleton 的摘要说明
/// </summary>public class Singleton<T> where T : new(){
public static T Instance
{
get { return SingletonCreator.instance; }
} class SingletonCreator { internal static readonly T instance = new T(); }}中间层代码
App_Code/Test.cs
using System;using System.Data;using System.Configuration;using System.Web;using System.Web.Security;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;using TestDatabaseTableAdapters;using System.ComponentModel;/// <summary>/// Test 的摘要说明/// </summary>[DataObject]public class Test{ [DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Select, true)] public TestDatabase.TestDataTable GetTest() { return Singleton<TestTableAdapter>.Instance.GetTest(); } [DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Select, false)] public TestDatabase.TestDataTable GetTestById(int id) { return Singleton<TestTableAdapter>.Instance.GetTestById(id); } [DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Insert, true)] public int?[] InsertTest(int? parentId, string name, DateTime? publishTime, decimal? price, bool? isGood, out int? minId) { // 仅为说明如何做错误处理 if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) throw new ArgumentException("参数不能是空", "name"); int? id = null; int? count = null; minId = null; Singleton<TestTableAdapter>.Instance.InsertTest(parentId, name, publishTime, price, isGood, ref id, ref count, ref minId); return new int?[] { id, count }; } [DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Delete, true)] public int? DeleteTest(int id) { int? rowAffected; rowAffected = Singleton<TestTableAdapter>.Instance.DeleteTest(id); return rowAffected; } [DataObjectMethod(DataObjectMethodType.Update, true)] public int? UpdateTest(int? id, int? parentId, string name, DateTime? publishTime, decimal? price, bool? isGood) { int? rowAffected; rowAffected = Singleton<TestTableAdapter>.Instance.UpdateTest(id, parentId, name, publishTime, price, isGood); return rowAffected; }}DataSourceControl/Test.aspx
<%@ Page Language="C#" MasterPageFile="~/Site.master" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="Test.aspx.cs" Inherits="DataSourceControl_Test" Title="数据源控件测试" %><asp:Content ID="Content1" ContentPlaceHolderID="ContentPlaceHolder1" runat="Server"> <p> <asp:Label ID="lblMsg" runat="server" ForeColor="red" /> </p> <table cellpadding="6"> <tr> <td valign="top"> <asp:DetailsView ID="DetailsView1" runat="server" AllowPaging="True" AutoGenerateRows="False" DataKeyNames="Id" DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource1" Height="50px" Width="125px" OnItemInserted="DetailsView1_ItemInserted"> <Fields> <asp:BoundField DataField="Id" HeaderText="Id" InsertVisible="False" ReadOnly="True" SortExpression="Id" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="ParentId" HeaderText="ParentId" SortExpression="ParentId" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name" SortExpression="Name" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="PublishTime" HeaderText="PublishTime" SortExpression="PublishTime" InsertVisible="False" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Price" HeaderText="Price" SortExpression="Price" DataFormatString="{0:c}" HtmlEncode="False" /> <asp:CheckBoxField DataField="IsGood" HeaderText="IsGood" SortExpression="IsGood" /> <asp:CommandField ShowInsertButton="True" /> </Fields> </asp:DetailsView> </td> <td valign="top"> <asp:DetailsView ID="DetailsView2" runat="server" Height="50px" Width="125px" AutoGenerateRows="False" DataKeyNames="Id" DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource2"> <Fields> <asp:BoundField DataField="Id" HeaderText="Id" InsertVisible="False" ReadOnly="True" SortExpression="Id" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="ParentId" HeaderText="ParentId" SortExpression="ParentId" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name" SortExpression="Name" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="PublishTime" HeaderText="PublishTime" SortExpression="PublishTime" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Price" HeaderText="Price" SortExpression="Price" DataFormatString="{0:c}" HtmlEncode="false" /> <asp:CheckBoxField DataField="IsGood" HeaderText="IsGood" SortExpression="IsGood" /> </Fields> </asp:DetailsView> </td> </tr> </table> <p> <asp:GridView ID="GridView1" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="False" DataKeyNames="Id" DataSourceID="ObjectDataSource1" AllowPaging="True" AllowSorting="True" OnRowUpdating="GridView1_RowUpdating"> <Columns> <asp:CommandField ShowDeleteButton="True" ShowEditButton="True" ShowSelectButton="True" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Id" HeaderText="Id" InsertVisible="False" ReadOnly="True" SortExpression="Id" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="ParentId" HeaderText="ParentId" SortExpression="ParentId" NullDisplayText="我的值是NULL" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Name" HeaderText="Name" SortExpression="Name" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="PublishTime" HeaderText="PublishTime" SortExpression="PublishTime" ReadOnly="true" /> <asp:BoundField DataField="Price" HeaderText="Price" SortExpression="Price" DataFormatString="{0:c}" HtmlEncode="false" ApplyFormatInEditMode="True" /> <asp:CheckBoxField DataField="IsGood" HeaderText="IsGood" SortExpression="IsGood" /> </Columns> </asp:GridView> </p> <asp:ObjectDataSource ID="ObjectDataSource1" runat="server" SelectMethod="GetTest" TypeName="Test" InsertMethod="InsertTest" DeleteMethod="DeleteTest" UpdateMethod="UpdateTest" OnInserting="ObjectDataSource1_Inserting" OnInserted="ObjectDataSource1_Inserted"> <InsertParameters> <%--ConvertEmptyStringToNull属性默认为true--%> <asp:Parameter Name="parentId" Type="Int32" ConvertEmptyStringToNull="true" /> <asp:Parameter Name="name" Type="String" /> <asp:Parameter Name="publishTime" Type="DateTime" /> <asp:Parameter Name="price" Type="Decimal" /> <asp:Parameter Name="isGood" Type="Boolean" /> <asp:Parameter Direction="Output" Name="minId" Type="Int32" /> </InsertParameters> <DeleteParameters> <asp:Parameter Name="id" Type="Int32" /> </DeleteParameters> <UpdateParameters> <asp:Parameter Name="id" Type="Int32" /> <asp:Parameter Name="parentId" Type="Int32" /> <asp:Parameter Name="name" Type="String" /> <asp:Parameter Name="publishTime" Type="DateTime" /> <asp:Parameter Name="price" Type="Decimal" /> <asp:Parameter Name="isGood" Type="Boolean" /> </UpdateParameters> </asp:ObjectDataSource> <asp:ObjectDataSource ID="ObjectDataSource2" runat="server" OldValuesParameterFormatString="original_{0}" SelectMethod="GetTestById" TypeName="Test"> <SelectParameters> <asp:ControlParameter ControlID="GridView1" Name="id" PropertyName="SelectedValue" Type="Int32" /> </SelectParameters> </asp:ObjectDataSource></asp:Content>DataSourceControl/Test.aspx.cs
using System;using System.Data;using System.Configuration;using System.Collections;using System.Web;using System.Web.Security;using System.Web.UI;using System.Web.UI.WebControls;using System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebParts;using System.Web.UI.HtmlControls;public partial class DataSourceControl_Test : System.Web.UI.Page{ protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void ObjectDataSource1_Inserting(object sender, ObjectDataSourceMethodEventArgs e) { // 编程方式给参数赋值 if (e.InputParameters["publishTime"] == null) { e.InputParameters["publishTime"] = DateTime.Now; } } protected void ObjectDataSource1_Inserted(object sender, ObjectDataSourceStatusEventArgs e) { // 错误处理 if (e.Exception != null) { if (e.Exception.InnerException != null) { Exception inner = e.Exception.InnerException; if (inner is ArgumentException) { string paramName = ((ArgumentException)inner).ParamName; lblMsg.Text = string.Concat("参数 ", paramName, " 有问题"); } } } else { int?[] ary = (int?[])e.ReturnValue; lblMsg.Text = "新插入信息的ID是：" + ary[0].ToString(); lblMsg.Text += "<br />数据总数是：" + ary[1].ToString(); lblMsg.Text += "<br />最小ID是：" + e.OutputParameters["minId"].ToString(); } } protected void DetailsView1_ItemInserted(object sender, DetailsViewInsertedEventArgs e) { if (e.Exception != null) { // 错误已处理 e.ExceptionHandled = true; // DetailsView保持插入状态 e.KeepInInsertMode = true; } } protected void GridView1_RowUpdating(object sender, GridViewUpdateEventArgs e) { // 价格格式转换为decimal格式 if (e.NewValues["Price"] != null) e.NewValues["Price"] = decimal.Parse(e.NewValues["Price"].ToString(), System.Globalization.NumberStyles.Currency); }}OK
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