Thrift入门及Java实例演示 作者: Michael 日期: 2012 年 6 月 14 日 •概述 •下载配置 •基本概念 1.数据类型 2.服务端编码基本步骤 3.客户端编码基本步骤 4.数据传输协议 •实例演示（java） 1. thrift生成代码 2. 实现接口Iface 3.TSimpleServer服务模型 4.TThreadPoolServer 服务模型 5.TNonblockingServer 服务模型 6.THsHaServer服务模型 7.异步客户端 [一]、概述 Thrift是一个软件框架，用来进行可扩展且跨语言的服务的开发。它结合了功能强大的软件堆栈和代码生成引擎，以构建在 C++, Java, Python, PHP, Ruby, Erlang, Perl, Haskell, C#, Cocoa, JavaScript, Node.js, Smalltalk, and OCaml 等等编程语言间无缝结合的、高效的服务。 Thrift最初由facebook开发，07年四月开放源码，08年5月进入apache孵化器。thrift允许你定义一个简单的定义文件中的数据类型和服务接口。以作为输入文件，编译器生成代码用来方便地生成RPC客户端和服务器通信的无缝跨编程语言。 官网地址：thrift.apache.org 推荐值得一看的文章： •http://jnb.ociweb.com/jnb/jnbJun2009.html •http://wiki.apache.org/thrift •http://thrift.apache.org/static/files/thrift-20070401.pdf [二]、下载配置 到官网下载最新版本，截止今日（2012-06-11）最新版本为0.8.0. 1. 如果是Maven构建项目的，直接在pom.xml 中添加如下内容： 查看源代码打印帮助 1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId> 3 <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId> 4 <version>0.8.0</version> 5 </dependency> 2.如果自己编译lib包，把下载的压缩包解压到X:盘，然后在X: hrift-0.8.0libjava 目录下运行ant进行自动编译，会在X: hrift-0.8.0libjavauild 目录下看到编译好的lib包：libthrift-0.8.0.jar [三]、基本概念 1.数据类型 •基本类型： ◦bool：布尔值，true 或 false，对应 Java 的 boolean ◦byte：8 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 byte ◦i16：16 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 short ◦i32：32 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 int ◦i64：64 位有符号整数，对应 Java 的 long ◦double：64 位浮点数，对应 Java 的 double ◦string：utf-8编码的字符串，对应 Java 的 String •结构体类型： ◦struct：定义公共的对象，类似于 C 语言中的结构体定义，在 Java 中是一个 JavaBean •容器类型： ◦list：对应 Java 的 ArrayList ◦set：对应 Java 的 HashSet ◦map：对应 Java 的 HashMap •异常类型： ◦exception：对应 Java 的 Exception •服务类型： ◦service：对应服务的类 2.服务端编码基本步骤： •实现服务处理接口impl •创建TProcessor •创建TServerTransport •创建TProtocol •创建TServer •启动Server 3.客户端编码基本步骤： •创建Transport •创建TProtocol •基于TTransport和TProtocol创建 Client •调用Client的相应方法 4.数据传输协议 •TBinaryProtocol : 二进制格式. •TCompactProtocol : 压缩格式 •TJSONProtocol : JSON格式 •TSimpleJSONProtocol : 提供JSON只写协议, 生成的文件很容易通过脚本语言解析 tips:客户端和服务端的协议要一致 [四]、实例演示 1. thrift生成代码 创建Thrift文件：G: est hriftdemoHello.thrift ,内容如下： 查看源代码打印帮助 1 namespace java com.micmiu.thrift.demo 2 3 service HelloWorldService { 4 string sayHello(1:string username) 5 } 目录结构如下： G: est hrift>tree /F 卷 other 的文件夹 PATH 列表 卷序列号为 D238-BE47 G:. demoHello.thrift demouser.thrift thrift-0.8.0.exe 没有子文件夹thrift-0.8.0.exe 是官网提供的windows下编译工具，运用这个工具生成相关代码： 查看源代码打印帮助 1 thrift-0.8.0.exe -r -gen java ./demoHello.thrift 生成后的目录结构如下： G: est hrift>tree /F 卷 other 的文件夹 PATH 列表 卷序列号为 D238-BE47 G:. │ demoHello.thrift │ demouser.thrift │ thrift-0.8.0.exe │ └─gen-java └─com └─micmiu └─thrift └─demo HelloWorldService.java将生成的HelloWorldService.java 文件copy到自己测试的工程中，我的工程是用maven构建的，故在pom.xml中增加如下内容： 查看源代码打印帮助 1 <dependency> 2 <groupId>org.apache.thrift</groupId> 3 <artifactId>libthrift</artifactId> 4 <version>0.8.0</version> 5 </dependency> 6 <dependency> 7 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> 8 <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> 9 <version>1.5.8</version> 10 </dependency> 2. 实现接口Iface java代码：HelloWorldImpl.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TException; 4 5 /** 6 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 7 * 8 * @author Michael 9 * 10 */ 11 public class HelloWorldImpl implements HelloWorldService.Iface { 12 13 public HelloWorldImpl() { 14 } 15 16 @Override 17 public String sayHello(String username) throws TException { 18 return "Hi," + username + " welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com"; 19 } 20 21 } 3.TSimpleServer服务端 简单的单线程服务模型，一般用于测试。 编写服务端server代码：HelloServerDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; 4 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; 5 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; 6 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol; 7 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TSimpleJSONProtocol; 8 import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; 9 import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer; 10 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; 11 12 /** 13 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 14 * 15 * @author Michael 16 * 17 */ 18 public class HelloServerDemo { 19 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 20 21 public void startServer() { 22 try { 23 System.out.println("HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ...."); 24 25 TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>( 26 new HelloWorldImpl()); 27 // HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface> tprocessor = 28 // new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>( 29 // new HelloWorldImpl()); 30 31 // 简单的单线程服务模型，一般用于测试 32 TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT); 33 TServer.Args tArgs = new TServer.Args(serverTransport); 34 tArgs.processor(tprocessor); 35 tArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); 36 // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); 37 // tArgs.protocolFactory(new TJSONProtocol.Factory()); 38 TServer server = new TSimpleServer(tArgs); 39 server.serve(); 40 41 } catch (Exception e) { 42 System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); 43 e.printStackTrace(); 44 } 45 } 46 47 /** 48 * @param args 49 */ 50 public static void main(String[] args) { 51 HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); 52 server.startServer(); 53 } 54 55 } 编写客户端Client代码：HelloClientDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TException; 4 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; 5 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; 6 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TJSONProtocol; 7 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol; 8 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket; 9 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport; 10 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; 11 12 /** 13 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 14 * 15 * @author Michael 16 * 17 */ 18 public class HelloClientDemo { 19 20 public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost"; 21 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 22 public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; 23 24 /** 25 * 26 * @param userName 27 */ 28 public void startClient(String userName) { 29 TTransport transport = null; 30 try { 31 transport = new TSocket(SERVER_IP, SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT); 32 // 协议要和服务端一致 33 TProtocol protocol = new TBinaryProtocol(transport); 34 // TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport); 35 // TProtocol protocol = new TJSONProtocol(transport); 36 HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client( 37 protocol); 38 transport.open(); 39 String result = client.sayHello(userName); 40 System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result); 41 } catch (TTransportException e) { 42 e.printStackTrace(); 43 } catch (TException e) { 44 e.printStackTrace(); 45 } finally { 46 if (null != transport) { 47 transport.close(); 48 } 49 } 50 } 51 52 /** 53 * @param args 54 */ 55 public static void main(String[] args) { 56 HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo(); 57 client.startClient("Michael"); 58 59 } 60 61 } 先运行服务端程序，日志如下： HelloWorld TSimpleServer start ....再运行客户端调用程序，日志如下： Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com测试成功，和预期的返回信息一致。 4.TThreadPoolServer 服务模型 线程池服务模型，使用标准的阻塞式IO，预先创建一组线程处理请求。 编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; 4 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; 5 import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; 6 import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer; 7 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; 8 9 /** 10 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 11 * 12 * @author Michael 13 * 14 */ 15 public class HelloServerDemo { 16 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 17 18 public void startServer() { 19 try { 20 System.out.println("HelloWorld TThreadPoolServer start ...."); 21 22 TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>( 23 new HelloWorldImpl()); 24 25 TServerSocket serverTransport = new TServerSocket(SERVER_PORT); 26 TThreadPoolServer.Args ttpsArgs = new TThreadPoolServer.Args( 27 serverTransport); 28 ttpsArgs.processor(tprocessor); 29 ttpsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); 30 31 // 线程池服务模型，使用标准的阻塞式IO，预先创建一组线程处理请求。 32 TServer server = new TThreadPoolServer(ttpsArgs); 33 server.serve(); 34 35 } catch (Exception e) { 36 System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); 37 e.printStackTrace(); 38 } 39 } 40 41 /** 42 * @param args 43 */ 44 public static void main(String[] args) { 45 HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); 46 server.startServer(); 47 } 48 49 } 客户端Client代码和之前的一样，只要数据传输的协议一致即可，客户端测试成功，结果如下： Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com5.TNonblockingServer 服务模型 使用非阻塞式IO，服务端和客户端需要指定 TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。 编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; 4 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; 5 import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer; 6 import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; 7 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; 8 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; 9 10 /** 11 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 12 * 13 * @author Michael 14 * 15 */ 16 public class HelloServerDemo { 17 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 18 19 public void startServer() { 20 try { 21 System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); 22 23 TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>( 24 new HelloWorldImpl()); 25 26 TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket( 27 SERVER_PORT); 28 TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args( 29 tnbSocketTransport); 30 tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor); 31 tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory()); 32 tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); 33 34 // 使用非阻塞式IO，服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式 35 TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs); 36 server.serve(); 37 38 } catch (Exception e) { 39 System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); 40 e.printStackTrace(); 41 } 42 } 43 44 /** 45 * @param args 46 */ 47 public static void main(String[] args) { 48 HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); 49 server.startServer(); 50 } 51 52 } 编写客户端代码：HelloClientDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TException; 4 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; 5 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocol; 6 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; 7 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TSocket; 8 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransport; 9 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TTransportException; 10 11 /** 12 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 13 * 14 * @author Michael 15 * 16 */ 17 public class HelloClientDemo { 18 19 public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost"; 20 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 21 public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; 22 23 /** 24 * 25 * @param userName 26 */ 27 public void startClient(String userName) { 28 TTransport transport = null; 29 try { 30 transport = new TFramedTransport(new TSocket(SERVER_IP, 31 SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT)); 32 // 协议要和服务端一致 33 TProtocol protocol = new TCompactProtocol(transport); 34 HelloWorldService.Client client = new HelloWorldService.Client( 35 protocol); 36 transport.open(); 37 String result = client.sayHello(userName); 38 System.out.println("Thrify client result =: " + result); 39 } catch (TTransportException e) { 40 e.printStackTrace(); 41 } catch (TException e) { 42 e.printStackTrace(); 43 } finally { 44 if (null != transport) { 45 transport.close(); 46 } 47 } 48 } 49 50 /** 51 * @param args 52 */ 53 public static void main(String[] args) { 54 HelloClientDemo client = new HelloClientDemo(); 55 client.startClient("Michael"); 56 57 } 58 59 } 客户端的测试成功，结果如下： Thrify client result =: Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com6.THsHaServer服务模型 半同步半异步的服务端模型，需要指定为： TFramedTransport 数据传输的方式。 编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; 4 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TBinaryProtocol; 5 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; 6 import org.apache.thrift.server.THsHaServer; 7 import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer; 8 import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; 9 import org.apache.thrift.server.TSimpleServer; 10 import org.apache.thrift.server.TThreadPoolServer; 11 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; 12 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; 13 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TServerSocket; 14 15 /** 16 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 17 * 18 * @author Michael 19 * 20 */ 21 public class HelloServerDemo { 22 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 23 24 public void startServer() { 25 try { 26 System.out.println("HelloWorld THsHaServer start ...."); 27 28 TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>( 29 new HelloWorldImpl()); 30 31 TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket( 32 SERVER_PORT); 33 THsHaServer.Args thhsArgs = new THsHaServer.Args(tnbSocketTransport); 34 thhsArgs.processor(tprocessor); 35 thhsArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory()); 36 thhsArgs.protocolFactory(new TBinaryProtocol.Factory()); 37 38 //半同步半异步的服务模型 39 TServer server = new THsHaServer(thhsArgs); 40 server.serve(); 41 42 } catch (Exception e) { 43 System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); 44 e.printStackTrace(); 45 } 46 } 47 48 /** 49 * @param args 50 */ 51 public static void main(String[] args) { 52 HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); 53 server.startServer(); 54 } 55 56 } 客户端代码和上面 4 中的类似，只要注意传输协议一致以及指定传输方式为TFramedTransport。 7.异步客户端 编写服务端代码：HelloServerDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import org.apache.thrift.TProcessor; 4 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; 5 import org.apache.thrift.server.TNonblockingServer; 6 import org.apache.thrift.server.TServer; 7 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TFramedTransport; 8 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingServerSocket; 9 10 /** 11 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 12 * 13 * @author Michael 14 * 15 */ 16 public class HelloServerDemo { 17 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 18 19 public void startServer() { 20 try { 21 System.out.println("HelloWorld TNonblockingServer start ...."); 22 23 TProcessor tprocessor = new HelloWorldService.Processor<HelloWorldService.Iface>( 24 new HelloWorldImpl()); 25 26 TNonblockingServerSocket tnbSocketTransport = new TNonblockingServerSocket( 27 SERVER_PORT); 28 TNonblockingServer.Args tnbArgs = new TNonblockingServer.Args( 29 tnbSocketTransport); 30 tnbArgs.processor(tprocessor); 31 tnbArgs.transportFactory(new TFramedTransport.Factory()); 32 tnbArgs.protocolFactory(new TCompactProtocol.Factory()); 33 34 // 使用非阻塞式IO，服务端和客户端需要指定TFramedTransport数据传输的方式 35 TServer server = new TNonblockingServer(tnbArgs); 36 server.serve(); 37 38 } catch (Exception e) { 39 System.out.println("Server start error!!!"); 40 e.printStackTrace(); 41 } 42 } 43 44 /** 45 * @param args 46 */ 47 public static void main(String[] args) { 48 HelloServerDemo server = new HelloServerDemo(); 49 server.startServer(); 50 } 51 52 } 编写客户端Client代码：HelloAsynClientDemo.java 查看源代码打印帮助 1 package com.micmiu.thrift.demo; 2 3 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; 4 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; 5 6 import org.apache.thrift.TException; 7 import org.apache.thrift.async.AsyncMethodCallback; 8 import org.apache.thrift.async.TAsyncClientManager; 9 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TCompactProtocol; 10 import org.apache.thrift.protocol.TProtocolFactory; 11 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingSocket; 12 import org.apache.thrift.transport.TNonblockingTransport; 13 14 import com.micmiu.thrift.demo.HelloWorldService.AsyncClient.sayHello_call; 15 16 /** 17 * blog http://www.micmiu.com 18 * 19 * @author Michael 20 * 21 */ 22 public class HelloAsynClientDemo { 23 24 public static final String SERVER_IP = "localhost"; 25 public static final int SERVER_PORT = 8090; 26 public static final int TIMEOUT = 30000; 27 28 /** 29 * 30 * @param userName 31 */ 32 public void startClient(String userName) { 33 try { 34 TAsyncClientManager clientManager = new TAsyncClientManager(); 35 TNonblockingTransport transport = new TNonblockingSocket(SERVER_IP, 36 SERVER_PORT, TIMEOUT); 37 38 TProtocolFactory tprotocol = new TCompactProtocol.Factory(); 39 HelloWorldService.AsyncClient asyncClient = new HelloWorldService.AsyncClient( 40 tprotocol, clientManager, transport); 41 System.out.println("Client start ....."); 42 43 CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1); 44 AsynCallback callBack = new AsynCallback(latch); 45 System.out.println("call method sayHello start ..."); 46 asyncClient.sayHello(userName, callBack); 47 System.out.println("call method sayHello .... end"); 48 boolean wait = latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS); 49 System.out.println("latch.await =:" + wait); 50 } catch (Exception e) { 51 e.printStackTrace(); 52 } 53 System.out.println("startClient end."); 54 } 55 56 public class AsynCallback implements AsyncMethodCallback<sayHello_call> { 57 private CountDownLatch latch; 58 59 public AsynCallback(CountDownLatch latch) { 60 this.latch = latch; 61 } 62 63 @Override 64 public void onComplete(sayHello_call response) { 65 System.out.println("onComplete"); 66 try { 67 // Thread.sleep(1000L * 1); 68 System.out.println("AsynCall result =:" 69 + response.getResult().toString()); 70 } catch (TException e) { 71 e.printStackTrace(); 72 } catch (Exception e) { 73 e.printStackTrace(); 74 } finally { 75 latch.countDown(); 76 } 77 } 78 79 @Override 80 public void onError(Exception exception) { 81 System.out.println("onError :" + exception.getMessage()); 82 latch.countDown(); 83 } 84 } 85 86 /** 87 * @param args 88 */ 89 public static void main(String[] args) { 90 HelloAsynClientDemo client = new HelloAsynClientDemo(); 91 client.startClient("Michael"); 92 93 } 94 95 } 先运行服务程序，再运行客户端程序，测试结果如下： Client start ..... call method sayHello start ... call method sayHello .... end onComplete AsynCall result =:Hi,Michael welcome to my blog www.micmiu.com latch.await =:true startClient end.———— 原创文章，转载请注明： 转载自micmiu – 软件开发+生活点滴[ http://www.micmiu.com/ ] 本文链接地址: http://www.micmiu.com/soa/rpc/thrift-sample/