HDU4135 Coprime 容斥原理

第一做容斥原理，开始真的不太好理解 

题意：给出a,b<=1e19  n<=1e9 ，问[a,b]中与n互质的个数

考虑[a,b]中与n不互质的个数，对n唯一分解定理，与n不互质的个数即为n/p，但是考虑到会有重复，且若数字个数是奇数则要+，偶数减去，因此借助二进制遍历每一种情况（极其神奇的思想）

代码值得好好思考

#pragma warning(disable:4996)

#include<iostream>
#include<unordered_map>
#include<algorithm>
#include<string>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<map>
#include<set>
#include<queue>
#include<deque>
#include<stack>
#include<sstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include<cstdio>
#include<random>
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define eps 1e-8
#define equals(a,b) (fabs(a-b)<eps)
#define MOD 100000007
std::mt19937 rnd(233);
//#define rnd() rand()%1000
const int maxn = 1e7+5 ;
const double PI = acos(-1.0);
typedef long long ll;
using namespace std;


ll p[maxn];
int cnt;
ll n;

void init(ll m) {
    for (int i = 2; i * i <= m; i++) {
        if (m % i == 0) {
            p[cnt++] = i;
            while (m % i == 0) m /= i;
        }
    }
    if (m > 1) p[cnt++] = m;
}

ll solve(ll x) {
    ll len = 1ll << cnt;
    ll ans = 0;
    for (ll i = 1; i < len; i++) {
        int f = 0;
        ll tmp = 1;
        for (ll j = 0; j < cnt; j++) {
            if (i & (1ll << j)) {
                f++;
                tmp *= p[j];
            }
        }
        if (f & 1) ans += x / tmp;
        else ans -= x/ tmp;
    }
    return ans;
}

int main() {
    int T;
    ll a, b;
    scanf("%d", &T);
    int kase = 1;
    while (T--) {
        cnt = 0;
        scanf("%lld%lld%lld", &a, &b, &n);
        init(n);
        printf("Case #%d: %lld\n", kase++, (b - a + 1) - (solve(b) - solve(a - 1)));
    }
    return 0;
}