【翻译】7种流行的单元测试命名约定

原文：7 Popular Unit Test Naming Conventions

本文介绍了一系列在单元测试命名中可以遵循的命名策略，本文仅作参考，不作详细叙述。如果希望了解更多细节，请参考下面列出的文章。

• Naming Standards for Unit Tests
• Naming Unit Tests Responsibly
• What are some popular naming conventions for unit tests?
• Unit Tests Naming Best Practices
• GivenWhenThen Technique

基于上述文章，以下是7种被大多数开发者使用的单元测试命名约定：

1. MethodName_StateUnderTest_ExpectedBehavior:

   反对这种策略的人认为，如果重构代码时方法名发生改变，那么单元测试命名也需要相应改变，否则以后将会难以理解。以下是一些示例：

   • isAdult_AgeLessThan18_False
   • withdrawMoney_InvalidAccount_ExceptionThrown
   • admitStudent_MissingMandatoryFields_FailToAdmit

2. MethodName_ExpectedBehavior_StateUnderTest:

   对上面的策略稍加调整，一部分开发者也推荐使用这种命名方法。这种方法也有缺点，如果方法名发生改变，以后它将变得难以理解。以下是在第一个示例中的

3. test[Feature being tested]:

   • testIsNotAnAdultIfAgeLessThan18
   • testFailToWithdrawMoneyIfAccountIsInvalid
   • testStudentIsNotAdmittedIfMandatoryFieldsAreMissing

4. Feature to be tested:

   • IsNotAnAdultIfAgeLessThan18
   • FailToWithdrawMoneyIfAccountIsInvalid
   • StudentIsNotAdmittedIfMandatoryFieldsAreMissing

5. Should_ExpectedBehavior_When_StateUnderTest:

   • Should_ThrowException_When_AgeLessThan18
   • Should_FailToWithdrawMoney_ForInvalidAccount
   • Should_FailToAdmit_IfMandatoryFieldsAreMissing

6. When_StateUnderTest_Expect_ExpectedBehavior:

   • When_AgeLessThan18_Expect_isAdultAsFalse
   • When_InvalidAccount_Expect_WithdrawMoneyToFail
   • When_MandatoryFieldsAreMissing_Expect_StudentAdmissionToFail

7. Given_Preconditions_When_StateUnderTest_Then_ExpectedBehavior:

   • Given_UserIsAuthenticated_When_InvalidAccountNumberIsUsedToWithdrawMoney_Then_TransactionsWillFail