Oracle分区表学习

用户mis_audit下有一张audit_log的业务表,用于记录审计日志,建表初期为普通表,现在想将表扩展为分区表.

1.查看原表结构

select TABLE_NAME,COLUMN_NAME,DATA_TYPE,DATA_LENGTH from user_tab_columns where TABLE_NAME='AUDIT_LOG';

TABLE_NAME        COLUMN_NAME       DATA_TYPE         DATA_LENGTH
----------------- ----------------- ----------------- -----------
AUDIT_LOG         AUDIT_LOG_ID      NUMBER            22
AUDIT_LOG         PROCEDURE_ID      NUMBER            22
AUDIT_LOG         PROCEDURE_DATE    DATE               7
AUDIT_LOG         PROCESS_ID        NUMBER            22
AUDIT_LOG         JOB_ID            NUMBER            22
AUDIT_LOG         TASK_ID           NUMBER            22
AUDIT_LOG         TYPE              VARCHAR2          32
AUDIT_LOG         MESSAGE           VARCHAR2        2000
AUDIT_LOG         STATUS            VARCHAR2          32
AUDIT_LOG         CREATE_TIME       DATE               7
AUDIT_LOG         CREATED_BY        VARCHAR2          64
AUDIT_LOG         LOCATION          VARCHA           256

12 rows selected.

select count(*) from audit_log;

  COUNT(*)
----------
   6361345


select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log order by 1 asc;

YEARS
------------
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017

8 rows selected.

 2.创建分区表需要的表空间

create tablespace p2010 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2010.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace p2011 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2011.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace p2012 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2012.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace p2013 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2013.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace p2014 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2014.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace p2015 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2015.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace p2016 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2016.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace p2017 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/p2017.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
create tablespace pothers datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/userdata/pothers.dbf' size 100m autoextend on;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2010;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2011;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2012;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2013;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2014;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2015;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2016;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on p2017;
alter user mis_audit quota unlimited on pothers;

3.获取建表语句,并创建分区表

EXECUTE DBMS_METADATA.SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'STORAGE',FALSE);
EXECUTE DBMS_METADATA.SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'SQLTERMINATOR',True);
EXECUTE DBMS_METADATA.SET_TRANSFORM_PARAM(DBMS_METADATA.SESSION_TRANSFORM,'PRETTY',true);
select dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','AUDIT_LOG','MIS_AUDIT') from dual;
DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','AUDIT_LOG','MIS_AUDIT')
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  CREATE TABLE "MIS_AUDIT"."AUDIT_LOG"
   (    "AUDIT_LOG_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "PROCEDURE_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "PROCEDURE_DATE" DATE,
    "PROCESS_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "JOB_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "TASK_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "TYPE" VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "MESSAGE" VARCHAR2(2000),
    "STATUS" VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "CREATE_TIME" DATE NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "CREATED_BY" VARCHAR2(64) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "LOCATION" VARCHAR2(256),
     CONSTRAINT "PK_AUDIT_LOG" PRIMARY KEY ("AUDIT_LOG_ID")
  USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 COMPUTE STAT
ISTICS NOLOGGING
  TABLESPACE "TOOL"  ENABLE
   ) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE
  PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255
 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
  TABLESPACE "TOOL" ;

4.创建分区表

CREATE TABLE "MIS_AUDIT"."AUDIT_LOG_RANGE"(
    "AUDIT_LOG_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "PROCEDURE_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "PROCEDURE_DATE" DATE,
    "PROCESS_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "JOB_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "TASK_ID" NUMBER(*,0) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "TYPE" VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "MESSAGE" VARCHAR2(2000),
    "STATUS" VARCHAR2(32) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "CREATE_TIME" DATE NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "CREATED_BY" VARCHAR2(64) NOT NULL ENABLE,
    "LOCATION" VARCHAR2(256),
    CONSTRAINT "AUDIT_LOG_RANGE" PRIMARY KEY ("AUDIT_LOG_ID"))
    PARTITION BY RANGE(CREATE_TIME)(
                                    PARTITION P2010 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2011','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2010,
                                    PARTITION P2011 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2012','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2011,
                                    PARTITION P2012 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2013','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2012,
                                    PARTITION P2013 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2014','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2013,
                                    PARTITION P2014 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2015','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2014,
                                    PARTITION P2015 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2016','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2015,
                                    PARTITION P2016 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2017','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2016,
                                    PARTITION P2017 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01-JAN-2018','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2017,
                                    PARTITION POTHERS VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE) TABLESPACE POTHERS
                                    );

5.将原表数据迁移至新的分区表

insert into audit_log_range select * from audit_log;

6361345 rows created.

6.查看分区表数据

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2010);

YEARS
------------
2010

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2011);

YEARS
------------
2011

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2012);

YEARS
------------
2012

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2013);

YEARS
------------
2013

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2014);

YEARS
------------
2014

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2015);

YEARS
------------
2015

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2016);

YEARS
------------
2016

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(p2017);

YEARS
------------
2017

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2010);

  COUNT(*)
----------
       415

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2011);

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1318924

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2012);

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1458807

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2013);

  COUNT(*)
----------
   1180616

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2014);

  COUNT(*)
----------
    811240

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2015);

  COUNT(*)
----------
    670474

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2016);

  COUNT(*)
----------
    520912

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2017);

  COUNT(*)
----------
    399957

7.插入新数据测试

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(pothers);

  COUNT(*)
----------
     0

insert into audit_log_range values(11111111,11111111,to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),11111111,11111111,11111111,'test','test','test',to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),'test','test');

1 row created.

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(pothers);

  COUNT(*)
----------
     1

select distinct(to_char(CREATE_TIME,'yyyy')) years from audit_log_range partition(pothers);

YEARS
------------
2018

8.查看分区信息

• user_part_tables

select TABLE_NAME,PARTITIONING_TYPE,PARTITION_COUNT,PARTITIONING_KEY_COUNT,STATUS from user_part_tables;

TABLE_NAME      PARTITIONING_TYPE           PARTITION_COUNT PARTITIONING_KEY_COUNT STATUS
--------------- --------------------------- --------------- ---------------------- ------------------------
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE RANGE                       9               1                      VALID

• user_tab_partitions

column TABLE_NAME format a15
column PARTITION_NAME format a15
column HIGH_VALUE format a100
column TABLESPACE_NAME format a30
select TABLE_NAME,PARTITION_NAME,HIGH_VALUE,TABLESPACE_NAME from user_tab_partitions;
TABLE_NAME      PARTITION_NAME  HIGH_VALUE                                                                                           TABLESPACE_NAME
--------------- --------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2011           TO_DATE(' 2012-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2011
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2010           TO_DATE(' 2011-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2010
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2012           TO_DATE(' 2013-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2012
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2013           TO_DATE(' 2014-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2013
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2014           TO_DATE(' 2015-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2014
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2015           TO_DATE(' 2016-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2015
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2016           TO_DATE(' 2017-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2016
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE P2017           TO_DATE(' 2018-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS', 'NLS_CALENDAR=GREGORIAN')                  P2017
AUDIT_LOG_RANGE POTHERS         MAXVALUE                                                                                             POTHERS

9 rows selected.

9.分区维护

增加p2018分区存放2018年的数据

此时需要查看最后一个分区,如果有数据需要先做备份,再删除最后一个分区,如果没有数据,可以删除该分区,添加分区前先创建新的表空间,我们采用之前创建的p2018表空间

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(pothers);

  COUNT(*)
----------
     1

alter table audit_log_range drop partition pothers;

Table altered.

alter table audit_log_range add partition P2018 values less than(TO_DATE('01-JAN-2019','DD-MON-YYYY')) TABLESPACE P2018;

Table altered.

alter table audit_log_range add partition pothers values less than (maxvalue) tablespace pothers;

Table altered.

再次插入数据测试

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2018);

  COUNT(*)
----------
     0

insert into audit_log_range values(11111111,11111111,to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),11111111,11111111,11111111,'test','test','test',to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),'test','test');
insert into audit_log_range values(11111111,11111111,to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),11111111,11111111,11111111,'test','test','test',to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),'test','test')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01502: index 'MIS_AUDIT.AUDIT_LOG_RANGE' or partition of such index is in unusable state

alter index MIS_AUDIT.AUDIT_LOG_RANGE rebuild;

Index altered.

insert into audit_log_range values(11111111,11111111,to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),11111111,11111111,11111111,'test','test','test',to_date('12-JAN-2018','dd-mm-yyyy'),'test','test');

1 row created.

select count(*) from audit_log_range partition(p2018);

  COUNT(*)
----------
     1

 参考文档

http://www.blogjava.net/rabbit/archive/2013/01/08/393955.html

http://tianzt.blog.51cto.com/459544/171759