hadoop官方网站中只提供了32位的hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz，如果要在64位ubuntu下部署hadoop-2.2.0，就需要重新编译源码包，生成64位的部署包。
建议以下操作使用root账户，避免出现权限不足的问题。
安装jdk
请参考文章《在ubuntu中安装jdk》。
安装maven
请参考文章《在ubuntu中安装maven》。
下载hadoop源码
wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.2.0/hadoop-2.2.0-src.tar.gz
解压
tar -xzf hadoop-2.2.0-src.tar.gz
编译源代码
cd hadoop-2.2.0-src mvn package -Pdist,native -DskipTests -Dtar
第1次编译：失败（hadoop pom.xml的bug）
错误信息：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal on project hadoop-auth: Could not resolve dependencies for project org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-auth:jar:2.2.0: Could not transfer artifact org.mortbay.jetty:jetty:jar:6.1.26 from/to central (https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2): GET request of: org/mortbay/jetty/jetty/6.1.26/jetty-6.1.26.jar from central failed: SSL peer shut down incorrectly -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/DependencyResolutionException [ERROR] [ERROR] After correcting the problems, you can resume the build with the command [ERROR] mvn -rf :hadoop-auth
解决办法：
这是hadoop的一个bug，在pom.xml中添加下面patch即可，详见https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HADOOP-10110 。
编辑`hadoop-common-project/hadoop-auth/pom.xml`文件：
vi hadoop-common-project/hadoop-auth/pom.xml
在<dependencys></dependencys>节点中插入：
<dependency> <groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId> <artifactId>jetty-util</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>
第2次编译：失败（未安装protoc）
错误信息：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.hadoop:hadoop-maven-plugins:2.2.0:protoc (compile-protoc) on project hadoop-common: org.apache.maven.plugin.MojoExecutionException: 'protoc --version' did not return a version -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException [ERROR] [ERROR] After correcting the problems, you can resume the build with the command [ERROR] mvn -rf :hadoop-common
解决办法：
根据错误信息可以知道是因为没有安装protoc。
wget https://protobuf.googlecode.com/files/protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz tar -xzf protobuf-2.5.0.tar.gz cd protobuf-2.5.0 ./configure make make check make install
其中，在执行./configure命令是会报如下错误：
checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... yes checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... no checking for gcc... no checking for cc... no checking for cl.exe... no configure: error: in `/home/hadoop/protobuf-2.5.0': configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH See `config.log' for more details
提示我们找不到C编译器，因此我们还需要安装C编译器。
ubuntu提供了集成gcc等编译器的基本编译工具`build-essential`，安装起来也比较方便，只需要一行命令：
apt-get install build-essential
安装过程中可能会提示包找不到，建议先更新下软件源：
apt-get update
安装之后验证protobuf的时候可能会报错以下错误：
$ protoc --version protoc: error while loading shared libraries: libprotoc.so.8: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
解决如下：
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib $ protoc --version libprotoc 2.5.0
第3次编译：失败（未安装cmake）
错误信息：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-antrun-plugin:1.6:run (make) on project hadoop-common: An Ant BuildException has occured: Execute failed: java.io.IOException: Cannot run program "cmake" (in directory "/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2.0-src/hadoop-common-project/hadoop-common/target/native"): error=2, No such file or directory -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException [ERROR] [ERROR] After correcting the problems, you can resume the build with the command [ERROR] mvn -rf :hadoop-common
解决办法：
apt-get install cmake
第4次编译：失败（未安装libglib2.0-dev）
错误信息：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-antrun-plugin:1.6:run (make) on project hadoop-common: An Ant BuildException has occured: exec returned: 1 -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException [ERROR] [ERROR] After correcting the problems, you can resume the build with the command [ERROR] mvn -rf :hadoop-common
解决办法：
apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
第5次编译：失败（未安装libssl-dev）
错误信息：
[ERROR] Failed to execute goal org.apache.maven.plugins:maven-antrun-plugin:1.6:run (make) on project hadoop-pipes: An Ant BuildException has occured: exec returned: 1 -> [Help 1] [ERROR] [ERROR] To see the full stack trace of the errors, re-run Maven with the -e switch. [ERROR] Re-run Maven using the -X switch to enable full debug logging. [ERROR] [ERROR] For more information about the errors and possible solutions, please read the following articles: [ERROR] [Help 1] http://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/MAVEN/MojoExecutionException [ERROR] [ERROR] After correcting the problems, you can resume the build with the command [ERROR] mvn -rf :hadoop-pipes
解决办法：
apt-get install libssl-dev
第6次编译：成功
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Reactor Summary: [INFO] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Main ................................. SUCCESS [ 13.578 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Project POM .......................... SUCCESS [ 5.183 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Annotations .......................... SUCCESS [ 9.527 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Assemblies ........................... SUCCESS [ 1.268 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Project Dist POM ..................... SUCCESS [ 4.717 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Maven Plugins ........................ SUCCESS [ 9.966 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth ................................. SUCCESS [ 7.368 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Auth Examples ........................ SUCCESS [ 3.971 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Common ............................... SUCCESS [02:27 min] [INFO] Apache Hadoop NFS .................................. SUCCESS [ 14.996 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Common Project ....................... SUCCESS [ 0.078 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS ................................. SUCCESS [02:32 min] [INFO] Apache Hadoop HttpFS ............................... SUCCESS [ 30.260 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS BookKeeper Journal .............. SUCCESS [ 19.083 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS-NFS ............................. SUCCESS [ 8.313 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop HDFS Project ......................... SUCCESS [ 0.071 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn ........................................ SUCCESS [ 0.542 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-api .................................... SUCCESS [01:07 min] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-common ................................. SUCCESS [ 48.948 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-server ................................. SUCCESS [ 0.314 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-common .......................... SUCCESS [ 18.413 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-nodemanager ..................... SUCCESS [ 23.891 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-web-proxy ....................... SUCCESS [ 5.687 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-resourcemanager ................. SUCCESS [ 24.345 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-server-tests ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.721 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-client ................................. SUCCESS [ 8.261 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.168 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-distributedshell .......... SUCCESS [ 6.632 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client ............................ SUCCESS [ 0.261 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-core ....................... SUCCESS [ 40.147 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-applications-unmanaged-am-launcher ..... SUCCESS [ 3.497 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-site ................................... SUCCESS [ 0.164 s] [INFO] hadoop-yarn-project ................................ SUCCESS [ 6.054 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-common ..................... SUCCESS [ 29.892 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-shuffle .................... SUCCESS [ 5.450 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-app ........................ SUCCESS [ 18.558 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs ......................... SUCCESS [ 9.045 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient .................. SUCCESS [ 7.740 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce-client-hs-plugins ................. SUCCESS [ 2.819 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Examples ................... SUCCESS [ 12.523 s] [INFO] hadoop-mapreduce ................................... SUCCESS [ 5.321 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop MapReduce Streaming .................. SUCCESS [ 8.999 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Distributed Copy ..................... SUCCESS [ 13.044 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Archives ............................. SUCCESS [ 3.739 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Rumen ................................ SUCCESS [ 11.307 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Gridmix .............................. SUCCESS [ 8.223 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Data Join ............................ SUCCESS [ 6.296 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Extras ............................... SUCCESS [ 6.341 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Pipes ................................ SUCCESS [ 14.662 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools Dist ........................... SUCCESS [ 2.694 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Tools ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.063 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Distribution ......................... SUCCESS [ 44.996 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Client ............................... SUCCESS [ 16.908 s] [INFO] Apache Hadoop Mini-Cluster ......................... SUCCESS [ 5.014 s] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [INFO] Total time: 15:23 min [INFO] Finished at: 2014-10-04T14:54:28+08:00 [INFO] Final Memory: 69M/215M [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
编译成果
编译生产的文件在`~/hadoop-2.2.0-src/hadoop-dist/target`目录中。
$ ls ~/hadoop-2.2.0-src/hadoop-dist/target antrun hadoop-2.2.0 hadoop-dist-2.2.0-javadoc.jar test-dir dist-layout-stitching.sh hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz javadoc-bundle-options dist-tar-stitching.sh hadoop-dist-2.2.0.jar maven-archiver
其中hadoop-2.2.0是编译后的文件夹，hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz是编译后的打包文件。
验证
$ cd ~/hadoop-2.2.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.2.0/lib/native/ $ file libhadoop.so.1.0.0 libhadoop.so.1.0.0: ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, BuildID[sha1]=fb43b4ebd092ae8b4a427719b8907e6fdb223ed9, not stripped
可以看到，libhadoop.so.1.0.0已经是64位的了。
拷贝
将编译好的64位hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz部署包，拷贝到当前用户目录。
cp ~/hadoop-2.2.0-src/hadoop-dist/target/hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz ~