Subsets II 解答

Question

Given a collection of integers that might contain duplicates, nums, return all possible subsets.

Note:

• Elements in a subset must be in non-descending order.
• The solution set must not contain duplicate subsets.

For example, if nums = [1,2,2], a solution is:

[
  [2],
  [1],
  [1,2,2],
  [2,2],
  [1,2],
  []
]

Solution

Similar with Subset I. Here, we need to consider how to deal with duplicates.

public class Solution {
    public List<List<Integer>> subsetsWithDup(int[] nums) {
        Arrays.sort(nums);
        List<List<Integer>> result = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
        List<Integer> record = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        dfs(nums, 0, record, result);
        return result;
    }
    
    private void dfs(int[] nums, int start, List<Integer> list, List<List<Integer>> result) {
        if (start <= nums.length)
            result.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(list));
        if (start == nums.length)
            return;
        int prev = nums[start];
        for (int i = start; i < nums.length; i++) {
            if (i > start && nums[i] == prev)
                continue;
            list.add(nums[i]);
            dfs(nums, i + 1, list, result);
            list.remove(list.size() - 1);
            prev = nums[i];
        }        
    
    }
}

Conclusion -- Two ways to deal with duplicates in result

如这一题，输入数组中有重复数字，所以如果不考虑处理重复，结果中也会有重复数字。

有两种处理重复的方法。

1. 加入result前，判断该子结果是否已经存在。

2. Skip 方法

方法一会造成大量时间空间浪费，所以不建议。下面重点总结方法二。

以该题为例，我们画出它的解空间树。

我们发现其实重复的部分就是相当于重复的子树，因此直接跳过重复的数字即可。