一.maxscale简介
1.MaxScale是maridb开发的一个mysql数据中间件,其配置简单,能够实现读写分离,并且可以根据主从状态实现写库的自动切换。
2.官网:
https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-enterprise/mariadb-maxscale-20/
二.安装
1.安装可以通过rpm安装
2.可以直接下载文件放入指定目录,本次采用第二种方法
#wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MaxScale/2.0.2/centos/5Server/x86_64/maxscale-2.0.2.centos.5.tar.gz #tar zxvf maxscale-2.0.2.centos.5.tar.gz #mkdir /usr/local/maxscale #mv ./maxscale-2.0.2/* /usr/local/maxscale/ #cp /usr/local/maxscale/etc/maxscale.cnf.template /etc/maxscale.cnf
修改启动脚本,使其可以提供service服务
#cp /usr/local/maxscale/share/maxscale/maxscale /etc/init.d/maxscale #vi /etc/init.d/maxscale
将脚本中的///bin替换为/usr/local/maxscale/bin/maxscale
这将可以使用 service maxscale start|stop|restart启动停止或重启maxscale
三.账户配置
1.在主从库上授权两个账户
a.监视账户
create user maxscale_monitor@'192.168.1.%' identified by "123456"; grant replication slave, replication client on *.* to maxscale_monitor@'192.168.1.%';
b.路由账户
create user maxscale_route@'192.168.1.%' identified by "123456";
GRANT SELECT ON mysql.user TO maxscale_route@'192.168.1.%';
GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db TO maxscale_route@'192.168.1.%';
GRANT SELECT ON mysql.tables_priv TO maxscale_route@'192.168.1.%';
GRANT SHOW DATABASES ON *.* TO maxscale_route@'192.168.1.%';
四.读写分离配置
0.vi /etc/maxscale.cnf
基本配置
[maxscale] # 开启线程个数,默认为1.设置为auto会同cpu核数相同 threads=auto # timestamp精度 ms_timestamp=1 # 将日志写入到syslog中 syslog=1 # 将日志写入到maxscale的日志文件中 maxlog=1 # 不将日志写入到共享缓存中,开启debug模式时可打开加快速度 log_to_shm=0 # 记录告警信息 log_warning=1 # 记录notice log_notice=1 # 记录info log_info=1 # 不打开debug模式 log_debug=0 # 日志递增 log_augmentation=1 # 相关目录设置 basedir=/usr/local/maxscale/ logdir=/u01/maxscale/logs/trace/ datadir=/u01/maxscale/data/ cachedir=/u01/maxscale/cache/ piddir=/u01/maxscale/tmp/
1.读写分离配置
a.配置两个server
[server1] type=server address=192.168.1.126 port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend serv_weight=3 #读的比重 [server2] type=server address=192.168.1.84 port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend serv_weight=2 #读的比重
b.配置monitor
[MySQL Monitor] type=monitor module=mysqlmon servers=server1,server2 user=maxscale_monitor passwd=123456 # 心跳间隔10s monitor_interval=10000 # 如果有5.1的mysql版本,一定要设置此项,否者slave频繁报lost_slave mysql51_replication=true # 当slave断掉时,是否将所有访问指向master detect_stale_master = true
c.配置读写分离
[Read-Write Service] type=service router=readwritesplit servers=server1,server2 user=maxscale_route passwd=123456 max_slave_connections=100% #所有的slave提供select查询服务 #use_sql_variables_in=all #动态参数可以走全部的数据库 [all|master] 如果设置为master的话前台看到的中文是乱码,一般建议设置为all #weightby=serversize #权重设置 #enable_root_user=1 #允许root用户登录执行 master_accept_reads=true #master是否接受读请求 #auth_all_servers=true # #log_auth_warnings=true #身份验证失败和警告的日志记录,记录那些试图连接到MaxScale和来自哪里 #filters=Hint #强制select走master的选项 #允许slave落后master多少秒 max_slave_replication_lag=3600
d.配置端口
[Read-Write Listener] type=listener service=Read-Write Service protocol=MySQLClient port=4006 [MaxAdmin Listener] type=listener service=MaxAdmin Service protocol=maxscaled port=6603 socket=default
五.启动
1./usr/local/maxscale/bin/maxscale start
2.查看状态(以下的user和password均为默认账号密码):
/usr/local/maxscale/bin/maxadmin --user=admin --password=mariadb
(/usr/local/maxscale/bin/maxadmin -S /tmp/maxadmin.sock #使用该项也可以登录)
MaxScale> list servers Servers. -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- server1 | 192.168.1.126 | 3306 | 2 | Master, Running server2 | 192.168.1.84 | 3306 | 2 | Slave, Running -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------
更多帮助可以使用 help命令来获得
如果想要更改maxadmin的密码在配置文件中加上
[MaxAdmin Service] type=service router=cli user=maxscale passwd=123456
3.设置服务器维护状态
MaxScale> set server server2 maintenance MaxScale> list servers -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- server1 | 192.168.1.126 | 3306 | 1 | Master, Running server2 | 192.168.1.84 | 3306 | 0 | Maintenance, Slave, Running
4.清除维护状态
MaxScale> clear server server2 maintenance MaxScale> list servers -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+-------------------- server1 | 192.168.1.126 | 3306 | 3 | Master, Running server2 | 192.168.1.84 | 3306 | 3 | Slave, Running -------------------+-----------------+-------+-------------+--------------------
六.只读,按一定比例分摊读
1.配置只读服务
[Read-Only Service] type=service router=readconnroute servers=server1,server2 user=maxscale_route passwd=123456 weightby=serv_weight
server1和server2增加分摊比例
[server1] type=server address=192.168.118.126 port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend serv_weight=3 [server2] type=server address=192.168.118.84 port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend serv_weight=2
2.配置端口
[Read-Only Listener] type=listener service=Read-Only Service protocol=MySQLClient port=4008
3.重新启动
七.filter
1.读写分离,如果slave没有问题,默认读全部走slave,但有时候我们需要能够读取走master,这时候就需要配置filter
在读写分离项中配置,多个filter之前用'|'号分开
filters=Hint [Hint] type=filter module=hintfilter
重启maxscale
应用在sql查询中:
select * from table where id=10; -- maxscale route to master
将使读走master
2.有时候我们希望一个数据表能到达指定服务器,则可以这样配置
[tableFilter] type=filter module=namedserverfilter match=table_name1|table_name2|table_name3 options=ignorecase,extended #忽略大小写,并启用扩展配置,这将使用正则表达式 server=server1
ps:以上options中按文档应该ignorecase,extended两者都应该生效,但实际测试是发现前面的生效,后面的就不生效
读写分离路由中配置
filters=tableFilter
这将使带有table_name1,table_name2,table_name3的查询或更新,全部到达server1
八.测试和总结
1.如果你有用过mycat和amoeba,你将会发现maxscale配置更加简单一些,与前两者相比,maxscale并没有使用连接池(不知道是不是我理解有误)
2.mycat和amoeba作为中间件,客户端在连接时候,账号和密码是在其配置文件中指定.但maxscale并不是,而是要求在后端(server1和server2)上定义账号,maxscale并不验证账号密码正确性,而是有后端去验证.
这项相比前两者,更加透明.