yum -RedHat:CentOS... -xxx.rpm
sudo apt-get -Debian:Ubuntu... -xxx.deb
安装工具
rpm -ivh yum-2.0.4-1.rh.fr.i386.rpm
网络yum源配置 -- 以网易源为例
#首先备份/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup #下载对应版本 repo 文件, 放入 /etc/yum.repos.d/ (操作前请做好相应备份) cd /etc/yum.repos.d wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS6-Base-163.repo mv CentOS6-Base-163.repo CentOS-Base.repo #运行以下命令生成缓存 yum clean all yum makecache
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo
常用命令
#安装包 yum install <package_name> yum install nginx -y yum reinstall nginx -y yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" #同时安装所有依赖包 yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel sudo apt-get install <package_name> sudo apt-get install <package_name> -- reinstall #重装包 sudo apt-get -f install #修复安装"-f = --fix-missing",有依赖关系时手动可能不成功 sudo apt-get build-dep <package_name> #安装相关的编译环境 sudo dpkg -i package_file.deb #安装.deb #卸载包 yum remove <package_name> yum erase nginx -y sudo apt-get remove <package_name> sudo apt-get remove <package_name> -- purge #删除包,包括删除配置文件等 sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove python3.7 sudo apt-get purge python3.7 sudo apt-get purge remove <package_name> sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove python3.7 sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean #清理无用的包 sudo apt-get check #检查是否有损坏的依赖 sudo dpkg -r package_name #卸载.deb sudo apt-get autoclean <package_name> #只删除已过期的deb sudo apt-get autoremove <package_name> #删除为了满足依赖安装现在不需要的包,保留配置文件 #更新包 yum check-update #列出所有可更新的软件清单 yum list updates #列出所有可更新的软件包 yum update #更新所有软件 yum update <package_name> yum update <package_name> sudo apt-get update <package_name> sudo apt-get upgrade <package_name> sudo apt-get update #更新源 sudo apt-get upgrade #更新已安装的包 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade #升级系统 sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade #使用 dselect 升级 #其他 yum search <keyword> #搜索包 yum info <package_name> #获取包信息 yum list #列出所有可安装的软件包 yum list <package_name> #列出所指定的软件包 yum list pam* #列出以 pam 开头的所有包 yum groupinfo Development tools yum grouplist | more yum grouplist | grep Development yum list installed #列出所有已安装的软件包 yum list extras #列出所有已安装但不在Yum Repository内的软件包 yum clean packages #清除缓存目录下的软件包 yum clean headers #清除缓存目录下的 headers yum clean oldheaders #清除缓存目录下旧的 headers yum clean, yum clean all (= yum clean packages; yum clean oldheaders) sudo apt-cache search <package_name> #搜索包 sudo apt-cache show <package_name> #获取包信息 sudo apt-get check #检查系统中已安装软件包的依赖性 sudo apt-cache depends <package_name> #了解使用依赖 sudo apt-cache rdepends <package_name> #查看该包被哪些包依赖 sudo apt-get source <package_name> #下载该包的源代码