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  • 使用python拼接多张图片.二三事

         前几日在博客上看到一篇“使用python拼接多张图片”的Blog【具体是能将的图片名字必须是形如xx_1.png ... xx_100.png或者xx_001.png ... xx_100.png,拼接成一张png图片,来达到一些目的(默认所有图片对应的顺序是文件名末尾序号的升序,序号可以不连续)】,自己也正想学习Python,觉得有趣就想试试。先是在windows上尝试了下,就遇到各种问题;正好有台mac(对mac也不熟悉),就想借机会也了解下mac。就copy了该短小精悍的代码...之后蛋疼的历程就惊现了(当然也是合理的,好如 基本功没学懂的人就强行修炼上乘的九阴真经一般,实在是很费力,弄不好就入魔了); 该python代码如下(命名为:margePng.py):

    #!/usr/bin/python3
    #encoding=utf-8
     
    import numpy as np
    from PIL import Image
    import glob,os
     
    if __name__=='__main__':
        prefix=input('Input the prefix of images:')
        files=glob.glob(prefix+'_*')
        num=len(files)
     
        filename_lens=[len(x) for x in files] #length of the files
        min_len=min(filename_lens) #minimal length of filenames
        max_len=max(filename_lens) #maximal length of filenames
        if min_len==max_len:#the last number of each filename has the same length
            files=sorted(files) #sort the files in ascending order
        else:#maybe the filenames are:x_0.png ... x_10.png ... x_100.png
            index=[0 for x in range(num)]
            for i in range(num):
                filename=files[i]
                start=filename.rfind('_')+1
                end=filename.rfind('.')
                file_no=int(filename[start:end])
                index[i]=file_no
            index=sorted(index)
            files=[prefix+'_'+str(x)+'.png' for x in index]
     
        print(files[0])
        baseimg=Image.open(files[0])
        sz=baseimg.size
        basemat=np.atleast_2d(baseimg)
        for i in range(1,num):
            file=files[i]
            im=Image.open(file)
            im=im.resize(sz,Image.ANTIALIAS)
            mat=np.atleast_2d(im)
            print(file)
            basemat=np.append(basemat,mat,axis=0)
        final_img=Image.fromarray(basemat)
        final_img.save('merged.png')

    使用mac自带的python 运行了之后就有问题了【没有 PIL库】:

    ImportError: No module named PIL 

    然后就开始搜索怎么解决,一般都是这样的答案:

    1、下载PIL的Source Kit(因为这个包支持全部平台) Imaging--1.1.6.tar.gz
       URL:  http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/index.htm
    
    2、解压缩包 tar -zxvf Imaging-1.1.6.tar.gz
    
    3、进入到解压后的目录 cd Imaging-1.1.6
    
    4、Build pakage: python setup.py build_ext -i
    
    5、测试;  python selftest.py
    
    6、安装 python setup.py install
    

    进行到第4步操作的时候就又出现了问题:

    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/include/tk.h:78:11: fatal error: 'X11/Xlib.h' file not found
    #      include <X11/Xlib.h>
                   ^
    1 error generated.
    error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1

    继续搜索怎么解决,得到答案是需要安装 pip; 通过pip安装pil ; 好吧,do it 运行这个:

    sudo easy_install pip 

    【温馨说明: Pip 是安装python包的工具,提供了安装包,列出已经安装的包,升级包以及卸载包的功能。
                      Pip 是对easy_install的取代,提供了和easy_install相同的查找包的功能,因此可以使用easy_install安装的包也同样可以使用pip进行安装。

                      Pip的安装可以通过源代码包,easy_install或者脚本。$ easy_install pip

    可是运行了之后就又出现了问题:

    pip install Pil
    Downloading/unpacking Pil  
      Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement Pil  
      Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external Pil to allow).  
    Cleaning up...  
    No distributions at all found for Pil  
    Storing debug log for failure in /Users/macbook/Library/Logs/pip.log  

      经过了一次又一次的google或者度娘: 找到一篇详细的好文章:Mac OSX 10.9安装python Pillow

    于是开始安装Pillow:通过git下载源码地址https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow  ( git clone https://github.com/python-imaging/Pillow.git  )

    因为有前车之鉴的提醒:此次没走太多的弯路【因为知道了这个编译成功需要libjpeg的支持】;

    所以就开始安装libjpeg : brew install libjpeg 【幸好先前发现mac 没有apt-get,就按照网上的分享,安装了安装brew

    curl -LsSf http://github.com/mxcl/homebrew/tarball/master | sudo tar xvz -C/usr/local --strip 1

    然后开始编译安装 :  python setup.py build_ext -i  

    安装成功之后重新编译pillow :

    --------------------------------------------------------------------  
    version      Pillow 2.4.0  
    platform     darwin 2.7.5 (default, Aug 25 2013, 00:04:04)  
                 [GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 5.0 (clang-500.0.68)]  
    --------------------------------------------------------------------  
    --- TKINTER support available  
    --- JPEG support available  
    *** OPENJPEG (JPEG2000) support not available  
    --- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support available  
    *** LIBTIFF support not available  
    --- FREETYPE2 support available  
    *** LITTLECMS2 support not available  
    *** WEBP support not available  
    *** WEBPMUX support not available  
    --------------------------------------------------------------------  

    测试一下 : python selftest.py 

    --------------------------------------------------------------------  
    Pillow 2.4.0 TEST SUMMARY   
    --------------------------------------------------------------------  
    Python modules loaded from /Users/macbook/yyang/app-devel-source/python/Pillow/PIL  
    Binary modules loaded from /Users/macbook/yyang/app-devel-source/python/Pillow/PIL  
    --------------------------------------------------------------------  
    --- PIL CORE support ok  
    --- TKINTER support ok  
    --- JPEG support ok  
    *** JPEG 2000 support not installed  
    --- ZLIB (PNG/ZIP) support ok  
    *** LIBTIFF support not installed  
    --- FREETYPE2 support ok  
    *** LITTLECMS2 support not installed  
    *** WEBP support not installed  
    --------------------------------------------------------------------  
    Running selftest:  
    --- 57 tests passed. 

    执行了下安装;

    sudo python setup.py install  

    OK,竟然奇迹般的OK了。好,终于安装成功了【内心波涛汹涌:基本功很重要哇】

      然后就再次运行该copy的代码:我擦又有问题出现了[生成的png有问题打不开]报错如下?

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "margePng.py", line 44, in <module>
        final_img.save('merged_test.png')
      File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/Image.py", line 1682, in save
      File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/PngImagePlugin.py", line 735, in _save
      File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/ImageFile.py", line 473, in _save
      File "build/bdist.macosx-10.10-intel/egg/PIL/Image.py", line 434, in _getencoder
    IOError: encoder zip not available

      因为之前安装了libjpeg,就猜测性的将最后一句: final_img.save('merged.png') 改为了  final_img.save('merged.jpeg');好吧,这样竟然的确生成了拼接好的jpeg格式的图!!!

    将代码改回原来的,再来按照网上的fix方法:

    wget http://effbot.org/downloads/Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz  
    tar xvfz Imaging-1.1.7.tar.gz  
    cd Imaging-1.1.7  
    python setup.py build_ext -i  
    python setup.py install  

    之后运行 python margePng.py;问题依旧,(⊙o⊙)…!

      继续搜索网上遇到这种问题的解决办法:http://www.tuicool.com/articles/QjEvm2 说多需要安装ZLIB。OK install it 

    下载地址:http://www.zlib.net/  ;download taar 之后运行下面代码

    ./configure 
    make
    make install

      卸载了之前安装的pillow后重新install了,跑了下那段代码。问题还是没有解决。(⊙o⊙)…

      罢了罢了: 基本功了解的不扎实,已入魔道了。还是从基础学起吧,待的来日弄清了问题所在再将其 补录于此!

    参考Blog文章: Here and Mac OSX 10.9安装python Pillow

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jadeboy/p/4156406.html
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