利用dbms_backup_restore恢复数据库

测试环境：OEL+11.2.0.1

实例名：orcl2

DBID：1336959433

场景：Oracle数据库的存储坏了，数据文件和控制文件全部丢失，只有数据文件的备份集，且备份集中无控制文件。（当然了，oracle10g和11g中是自动备份数据文件的）

备份数据库

首先将数据库进行全备

[oracle@DBA2 backup]$ rman target /

 

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Sep 22 00:05:52 2013

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

 

connected to target database: ORCL2 (DBID=1336959433)

 

RMAN> backup database format '/backup/orcl_%U' plus archivelog;

 

 

Starting backup at 22-SEP-13

current log archived

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=38 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=16 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=9 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=8 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=10 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=11 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=17 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=19 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=18 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=13 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=12 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=15 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=14 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=21 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=22 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=20 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=7 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=4 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=5 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=1 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=2 STAMP=826760691

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vjz8nh_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=6 STAMP=826760691

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=3 STAMP=826760691

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk288l_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=23 STAMP=826761959

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000600_93vk29cw_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000600 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 22-SEP-13

 

Starting backup at 22-SEP-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1 tag=TAG20130922T000738 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 22-SEP-13

 

Starting backup at 22-SEP-13

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=24 STAMP=826762186

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-SEP-13

piece handle=/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/backupset/2013_09_22/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20130922T000946_93vk6b6o_.bkp tag=TAG20130922T000946 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 22-SEP-13

 

RMAN>

查看备份文件：

[oracle@DBA2 backup]$ ls

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 1182695424 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_04okeoqa_1_1
-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall   10158080 Sep 22 00:09 orcl_05okeou7_1_1

orcl_04okeoqa_1_1是数据文件的备份集，orcl_05okeou7_1_1是控制文件和参数文件的备份集。

制造实验场景

删除数据文件和控制文件：

[oracle@DBA2 oradata]$ cd /oradata/orcl2/

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls

control01.ctl  redo02.log  seven.dbf     system01.dbf  temp02.dbf     users01.dbf

redo01.log     redo03.log  sysaux01.dbf  temp01.dbf    undotbs01.dbf

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ cd /u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/orcl2/

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls

control02.ctl

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ rm *

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$

数据文件和控制文件现已全部删除，数据库也会随之崩溃；

 

开始恢复

如果之前有参数文件，就用之前的参数文件，如果没有就自己手动修改init.ora文件，先将实例启动到nomount状态；

[oracle@DBA2 dbs]$ sql

 

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Sun Sep 22 00:18:50 2013

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 

Connected to an idle instance.

 

SQL> startup nomount pfile='/u/oracle/product/11.2/dbs/initorcl2.ora'

ORACLE instance started.

 

Total System Global Area  418484224 bytes

Fixed Size                  1336932 bytes

Variable Size             327158172 bytes

Database Buffers           83886080 bytes

Redo Buffers                6103040 bytes

SQL>

备份集中有控制文件

如果备份集中有控制文件，可以先还原控制文件再还原数据文件；

还原控制文件

使用dbms_backup_restore将控制文件从备份集中构造出来：

SQL> declare

  2  devtype varchar2(256);

  3  done boolean;

  4  begin

  5  devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceallocate(type=>'',ident=>'t1');

  6  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoresetdatafile;

  7  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorecontrolfileto(cfname=>'/oradata/orcl2/control01.ctl');

  8  sys.dbms_backup_restore.restorebackuppiece(done=>done,handle=>'/backup/orcl_05okeou7_1_1',params=>null);

  9  sys.dbms_backup_restore.devicedeallocate;

 10  end;

 11  /

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL>

 

可以在路径下看到控制文件被构造出来了。

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10076160 Sep 22 00:53 control01.ctl

 

现在可以将实例启动到mount状态了。

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

 

查看数据文件的file#号和绝对路径：

SQL> select file#,name from v$datafile;

 

     FILE# NAME

---------- ----------------------------------------

         1 /oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf

         2 /oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf

         3 /oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf

         4 /oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf

         5 /oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf

 

OK！控制文件恢复成功，且知道数据文件的file#和name。

还原数据文件

现在知道数据文件的file#和name后，还是利用dbms_backup_restore从备份集中还原数据文件：

SQL> declare

  2    devtype varchar2(256);

  3    done boolean;

  4    begin

  5    devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');

  6    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;

  7    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,

  8    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf');

  9    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,

 10    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf');

 11    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03,

 12    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf');

 13    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04,

 14    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf');

 15    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05,

 16    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf');

 17    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,

 18    handle=>'/backup/orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null);

 19    sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

 20    end;

 21    /

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al

total 1480808

drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall      4096 Sep 22 00:52 .

drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall      4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf

确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）；

 

备份集中无控制文件

还原数据文件

利用dbms_backup_restore从备份集中还原数据文件，当然这里并不知道数据文件的file#和name，一般name都会知道，只是file#无法确定，一般而言system是01号，undotbs是02号，sysaux是03号，users是04号，其他的就只能通过猜或者一个一个试了。当然之前能保存这些信息当然很好。

SQL> declare

  2    devtype varchar2(256);

  3    done boolean;

  4    begin

  5    devtype:=sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceAllocate (type=>'',ident=>'t1');

  6    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreSetDatafile;

  7    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>01,

  8    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf');

  9    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>02,

 10    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf');

 11    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>03,

 12    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf');

 13    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>04,

 14    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf');

 15    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreDatafileTo(dfnumber=>05,

 16    toname=>'/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf');

 17    sys.dbms_backup_restore.restoreBackupPiece(done=>done,

 18    handle=>'/backup/ orcl_04okeoqa_1_1',params=>null);

 19    sys.dbms_backup_restore.deviceDeallocate;

 20    end;

 21    /

 

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

查看数据文件路径下是否已经将数据文件还原到指定目录：

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al

total 1480808

drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall      4096 Sep 22 00:52 .

drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall      4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10076160 Sep 22 00:54 control01.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52436992 Sep 22 00:52 seven.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  94380032 Sep 22 00:52 sysaux01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:53 system01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:53 undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Sep 22 00:52 users01.dbf

确实，数据文件已经被还原至指定目录（没有临时表空间，因为rman备份的时候不会备份temp临时表空间）；

手动创建控制文件

接下来要手动创建控制文件，这个环节很简单，但前提是要知道有哪些数据文件

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL2" RESETLOGS  ARCHIVELOG
    MAXLOGFILES 16
    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
    MAXDATAFILES 100
    MAXINSTANCES 8
    MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
  GROUP 1 '/oradata/orcl2/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 2 '/oradata/orcl2/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
  GROUP 3 '/oradata/orcl2/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
  '/oradata/orcl2/system01.dbf',
  '/oradata/orcl2/sysaux01.dbf',
  '/oradata/orcl2/undotbs01.dbf',
  '/oradata/orcl2/users01.dbf',
  '/oradata/orcl2/seven.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;

SQL> @/home/oracle/controlfile.txt


Control file created.

SQL>

控制文件恢复完成后，将数据库启动到mount状态，再执行不完全恢复。

不完全恢复

现在执行不完全恢复：

SQL> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;

ORA-00279: change 1246394 generated at 09/22/2013 00:07:38 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion :

/u/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL2/archivelog/2013_09_22/o1_mf_1_2_93vk6b0w_.ar

c

ORA-00280: change 1246394 for thread 1 is in sequence #2

 

 

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

cancel

Media recovery cancelled.

SQL>

恢复完成，之后将实例打开，因为redo文件也丢失了，执行不完全恢复，要加resetlogs参数：

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

 

Database altered.

 

SQL>

看看redo文件是否被重建？

[oracle@DBA2 orcl2]$ ls -al

total 1636644

drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall      4096 Sep 22 00:57 .

drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall      4096 Sep 21 23:14 ..

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10076160 Sep 22 00:58 control01.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Sep 22 00:58 redo01.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo02.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Sep 22 00:57 redo03.log

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52436992 Sep 22 00:57 seven.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  94380032 Sep 22 00:57 sysaux01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 723525632 Sep 22 00:57 system01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  10493952 Sep 22 00:57 temp02.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 629153792 Sep 22 00:57 undotbs01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   5251072 Sep 22 00:57 users01.dbf

 

很好，redo文件也被重建，实例也启动起来了。但是实验的时候只用了一个控制文件，考虑到控制文件要多路复用，需要将实例关闭，修改参数文件，copy一个控制文件，这里就不再赘述了。

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作者:    Seven

原文链接:http://blog.csdn.net/sunjiapeng/article/details/11890707

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