9.1 客户端发起请求源码、9.2 服务端接收请求消息并发送响应消息源码、9.3 客户端接收响应信息(异步转同步的实现) 分析了dubbo同步调用的源码，现在来看一下dubbo异步调用。
一、使用方式
服务提供方不变，调用方代码如下：
1 <dubbo:reference id="demoService" check="false" interface="com.alibaba.dubbo.demo.DemoService"> 2 <dubbo:method name="sayHello" async="true" timeout="60000"/> 3 <dubbo:method name="sayBye" async="true" timeout="60000"/> 4 </dubbo:reference>
配置里添加<dubbo:method name="xxx" async="true"/>，表示单个方法xxx使用异步方式；如果demoService下的所有方法都使用异步，直接配置为<dubbo:reference async="true"/>。
1 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { 2 //Prevent to get IPV6 address,this way only work in debug mode 3 //But you can pass use -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true,then it work well whether in debug mode or not 4 System.setProperty("java.net.preferIPv4Stack", "true"); 5 6 asyncFuture2(); 7 } 8 9 public static void asyncFuture1() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { 10 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"META-INF/spring/dubbo-demo-consumer.xml"}); 11 context.start(); 12 DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService"); // get remote service proxy 13 14 long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); 15 16 demoService.sayHello("zhangsan"); 17 Future<String> helloFuture = RpcContext.getContext().getFuture(); 18 19 demoService.sayBye("lisi"); 20 Future<String> byeFuture = RpcContext.getContext().getFuture(); 21 22 final String helloStr = helloFuture.get();//消耗5s 23 final String byeStr = byeFuture.get();//消耗8s 24 25 System.out.println(helloStr + " -- " + byeStr + " ,cost:" + (System.currentTimeMillis()-start));//总消耗8s 26 } 27 28 public static void asyncFuture2() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { 29 ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"META-INF/spring/dubbo-demo-consumer.xml"}); 30 context.start(); 31 DemoService demoService = (DemoService) context.getBean("demoService"); // get remote service proxy 32 33 long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); 34 35 Future<String> helloFuture = RpcContext.getContext().asyncCall(()-> demoService.sayHello("zhangsan")); 36 Future<String> byeFuture = RpcContext.getContext().asyncCall(()->demoService.sayBye("lisi")); 37 38 final String helloStr = helloFuture.get();//消耗5s 39 final String byeStr = byeFuture.get();//消耗8s 40 41 System.out.println(helloStr + " -- " + byeStr + " ,cost:" + (System.currentTimeMillis()-start));//总消耗8s 42 }
Consumer启动主类。其中asyncFuture2()方法是推荐用法，注意Callable（asyncCall方法的入参）只是一个任务task，不会新建线程；所以asyncFuture2()和asyncFuture1()相似，资源占用相同，都是用一根线程进行异步操作的。
二、asyncFuture1()源码解析
先来看asyncFuture1()，总体步骤：
- demoService.sayHello("zhangsan"); 创建一个Future对象，存入当前线程的上下文中
- Future<String> helloFuture = RpcContext.getContext().getFuture(); 从当前线程的上下文中获取第一步存入的Future对象
- final String helloStr = helloFuture.get(); 阻塞等待，从Future中获取结果
代码主要执行流（代码详细执行流看文章开头的三篇博客）：
1、demoService.sayHello("zhangsan");
-->FutureFilter.invoke(final Invoker<?> invoker, final Invocation invocation) -->DubboInvoker.doInvoke(final Invocation invocation)
FutureFilter:
1 public Result invoke(final Invoker<?> invoker, final Invocation invocation) throws RpcException { 2 final boolean isAsync = RpcUtils.isAsync(invoker.getUrl(), invocation); 3 4 fireInvokeCallback(invoker, invocation); 5 // need to configure if there's return value before the invocation in order to help invoker to judge if it's 6 // necessary to return future. 7 Result result = invoker.invoke(invocation); 8 if (isAsync) { 9 asyncCallback(invoker, invocation); 10 } else { 11 syncCallback(invoker, invocation, result); 12 } 13 return result; 14 }
对于如上异步操作（asyncFuture1()和asyncFuture2()），FutureFilter没起任何作用，该Filter主要会用在事件通知中，后续再说。
DubboInvoker.doInvoke(final Invocation invocation)：
1 protected Result doInvoke(final Invocation invocation) throws Throwable { 2 RpcInvocation inv = (RpcInvocation) invocation; 3 final String methodName = RpcUtils.getMethodName(invocation); 4 inv.setAttachment(Constants.PATH_KEY, getUrl().getPath()); 5 inv.setAttachment(Constants.VERSION_KEY, version); 6 7 ExchangeClient currentClient; 8 if (clients.length == 1) { 9 currentClient = clients[0]; 10 } else { 11 currentClient = clients[index.getAndIncrement() % clients.length]; 12 } 13 try { 14 boolean isAsync = RpcUtils.isAsync(getUrl(), invocation); 15 boolean isOneway = RpcUtils.isOneway(getUrl(), invocation); 16 int timeout = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.TIMEOUT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_TIMEOUT); 17 if (isOneway) { //无返回值 18 boolean isSent = getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName, Constants.SENT_KEY, false); 19 currentClient.send(inv, isSent); 20 RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null); 21 return new RpcResult(); 22 } else if (isAsync) { //异步有返回值 23 ResponseFuture future = currentClient.request(inv, timeout); 24 RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(new FutureAdapter<Object>(future)); 25 return new RpcResult(); 26 } else { //同步有返回值 27 RpcContext.getContext().setFuture(null); 28 return (Result) currentClient.request(inv, timeout).get(); 29 } 30 } catch (TimeoutException e) { 31 throw new RpcException(RpcException.TIMEOUT_EXCEPTION, "Invoke remote method timeout. method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e); 32 } catch (RemotingException e) { 33 throw new RpcException(RpcException.NETWORK_EXCEPTION, "Failed to invoke remote method: " + invocation.getMethodName() + ", provider: " + getUrl() + ", cause: " + e.getMessage(), e); 34 } 35 }
模式：
- 如果是isOneway（不需要返回值），不管同步还是异步，请求直接发出，不会创建Future，直接返回RpcResult空对象。
- 如果是isAsync（异步），则
- 先创建ResponseFuture对象，之后使用FutureAdapter包装该ResponseFuture对象；（创建ResponseFuture对象与同步的代码相同，最后得到的是一个DefaultFuture对象）
- 然后将该FutureAdapter对象设入当前线程的上下文中RpcContext.getContext()；
- 最后返回空的RpcResult
- 如果是同步，则先创建ResponseFuture对象，之后直接调用其get()方法进行阻塞调用（见文章开头的三篇文章）
简单来看一下FutureAdapter：
1 public class FutureAdapter<V> implements Future<V> { 2 3 private final ResponseFuture future; 4 5 public FutureAdapter(ResponseFuture future) { 6 this.future = future; 7 } 8 9 public ResponseFuture getFuture() { 10 return future; 11 } 12 13 public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) { 14 return false; 15 } 16 17 public boolean isCancelled() { 18 return false; 19 } 20 21 public boolean isDone() { 22 return future.isDone(); 23 } 24 25 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 26 public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { 27 try { 28 return (V) (((Result) future.get()).recreate()); 29 } catch (RemotingException e) { 30 throw new ExecutionException(e.getMessage(), e); 31 } catch (Throwable e) { 32 throw new RpcException(e); 33 } 34 } 35 36 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") 37 public V get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException { 38 int timeoutInMillis = (int) unit.convert(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); 39 try { 40 return (V) (((Result) future.get(timeoutInMillis)).recreate()); 41 } catch (com.alibaba.dubbo.remoting.TimeoutException e) { 42 throw new TimeoutException(StringUtils.toString(e)); 43 } catch (RemotingException e) { 44 throw new ExecutionException(e.getMessage(), e); 45 } catch (Throwable e) { 46 throw new RpcException(e); 47 } 48 } 49 }
最后，回头看一下FutureFilter：
1 public Result invoke(final Invoker<?> invoker, final Invocation invocation) throws RpcException { 2 final boolean isAsync = RpcUtils.isAsync(invoker.getUrl(), invocation); 3 4 fireInvokeCallback(invoker, invocation); 5 // need to configure if there's return value before the invocation in order to help invoker to judge if it's 6 // necessary to return future. 7 Result result = invoker.invoke(invocation); 8 if (isAsync) { 9 asyncCallback(invoker, invocation); 10 } else { 11 syncCallback(invoker, invocation, result); 12 } 13 return result; 14 }
1 private void asyncCallback(final Invoker<?> invoker, final Invocation invocation) { 2 Future<?> f = RpcContext.getContext().getFuture(); 3 if (f instanceof FutureAdapter) { 4 ResponseFuture future = ((FutureAdapter<?>) f).getFuture(); 5 future.setCallback(new ResponseCallback() { 6 public void done(Object rpcResult) { 7 if (rpcResult == null) { 8 logger.error(new IllegalStateException("invalid result value : null, expected " + Result.class.getName())); 9 return; 10 } 11 ///must be rpcResult 12 if (!(rpcResult instanceof Result)) { 13 logger.error(new IllegalStateException("invalid result type :" + rpcResult.getClass() + ", expected " + Result.class.getName())); 14 return; 15 } 16 Result result = (Result) rpcResult; 17 if (result.hasException()) { 18 fireThrowCallback(invoker, invocation, result.getException()); 19 } else { 20 fireReturnCallback(invoker, invocation, result.getValue()); 21 } 22 } 23 24 public void caught(Throwable exception) { 25 fireThrowCallback(invoker, invocation, exception); 26 } 27 }); 28 } 29 }
这里的future对象时之前创建好的DefaultFuture对象。
1 private volatile Response response; 2 private volatile ResponseCallback callback; 3 4 public boolean isDone() { 5 return response != null; 6 } 7 8 public void setCallback(ResponseCallback callback) { 9 if (isDone()) { 10 invokeCallback(callback); 11 } else { 12 boolean isdone = false; 13 lock.lock(); 14 try { 15 if (!isDone()) { 16 this.callback = callback; 17 } else { 18 isdone = true; 19 } 20 } finally { 21 lock.unlock(); 22 } 23 if (isdone) { 24 invokeCallback(callback); 25 } 26 } 27 }
这里判断响应是否已经返回了，如果返回了，直接执行invokeCallback(callback)，否则将传入的ResponseCallback对象赋值给callback对象。
2、Future<String> helloFuture = RpcContext.getContext().getFuture();
RpcContext：
1 private static final ThreadLocal<RpcContext> LOCAL = new ThreadLocal<RpcContext>() { 2 @Override 3 protected RpcContext initialValue() { 4 return new RpcContext(); 5 } 6 }; 7 8 private Future<?> future; 9 10 public static RpcContext getContext() { 11 return LOCAL.get(); 12 } 13 14 public <T> Future<T> getFuture() { 15 return (Future<T>) future; 16 }
从当前线程上下文中获取之前存进去的FutureAdapter对象。
3、final String helloStr = helloFuture.get();
helloFuture是上述的FutureAdapter对象，其get()调用的是内部的DefaultFuture的get()，该方法与同步调用时相同，源码分析见文章开头的三篇文章。
1 public V get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { 2 try { 3 return (V) (((Result) future.get()).recreate()); 4 } catch (RemotingException e) { 5 throw new ExecutionException(e.getMessage(), e); 6 } catch (Throwable e) { 7 throw new RpcException(e); 8 } 9 }
get方法的超时设置除了直接在xml中配置之外，还可以在代码中手动执行（优先级高）
1 final String helloStr2 = helloFuture.get(7000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
三、asyncFuture2()源码解析
下面来看一下asyncFuture2()源码：
1、Future<String> helloFuture = RpcContext.getContext().asyncCall(()-> demoService.sayHello("zhangsan"));
1 public <T> Future<T> asyncCall(Callable<T> callable) { 2 try { 3 try { 4 setAttachment(Constants.ASYNC_KEY, Boolean.TRUE.toString()); 5 // 1 执行传入的任务（此处创建FutureAdapter对象，并且设置到当前线程的RpcContext的future对象中） 6 final T o = callable.call(); 7 //local invoke will return directly 8 if (o != null) { 9 FutureTask<T> f = new FutureTask<T>(new Callable<T>() { 10 public T call() throws Exception { 11 return o; 12 } 13 }); 14 f.run(); 15 return f; 16 } else { 17 18 } 19 } catch (Exception e) { 20 throw new RpcException(e); 21 } finally { 22 removeAttachment(Constants.ASYNC_KEY); 23 } 24 } catch (final RpcException e) { 25 return new Future<T>() { 26 public boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) { 27 return false; 28 } 29 30 public boolean isCancelled() { 31 return false; 32 } 33 34 public boolean isDone() { 35 return true; 36 } 37 38 public T get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException { 39 throw new ExecutionException(e.getCause()); 40 } 41 42 public T get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 43 throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, 44 TimeoutException { 45 return get(); 46 } 47 }; 48 } 49 // 2 从当前线程的RpcContext中获取future对象 50 return ((Future<T>) getContext().getFuture()); 51 }
这里外层的catch的作用是什么？没搞清楚 https://github.com/alibaba/dubbo/issues/1346
2、final String helloStr = helloFuture.get();
与同步相同。
总结：dubbo异步与同步的差别：
- 同步：创建DefaultFuture之后，直接get阻塞等待；
- 异步：创建DefaultFuture之后，使用FutureAdapter进行包装，之后设置到当前线程的RpcContext中；后续用户在合适的时候自己从RpcContext获取future，之后get。