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  • 第十三章 shell常见脚本编写

    第十三天 常见shell脚本编写

    一、获取随机字符串或数字

    1.获取随机8位字符串:

    方法1:
    # echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8
    471b94f2
    
    方法2:
    # openssl rand -base64 4
    vg3BEg==
    
    方法3:
    # cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/uuid |cut -c 1-8
    ed9e032c
    

    2.获取随机8位数字:

    方法1:
    # echo $RANDOM |cksum |cut -c 1-8
    23648321
    
    方法2:
    # openssl rand -base64 4 |cksum |cut -c 1-8
    38571131
    
    方法3:
    # date +%N |cut -c 1-8
    69024815
    
    ps:cksum:打印CRC效验和统计字节
    

    二、定义一个颜色输出字符串函数

    方法1:
    function echo_color() {
        if [ $1 == "green" ]; then
            echo -e "33[32;40m$233[0m"
        elif [ $1 == "red" ]; then
            echo -e "33[31;40m$233[0m"
        fi
    }
    
    方法2:
    function echo_color() {
        case $1 in
            green)
                echo -e "33[32;40m$233[0m"
                ;;
            red)
                echo -e "33[31;40m$233[0m"
                ;;
            *) 
                echo "Example: echo_color red string"
        esac
    }
    
    使用方法:echo_color green "test"
    
    ps:function关键字定义一个函数,可加或不加。
    

    三、批量创建用户

    #!/bin/bash
    #批量添加用户 设置密码
    for i in `seq 1 10`
    do
    if ! id user$i &> /dev/null
    then
    useradd user$i
    echo "123456" | passwd --stdin user$i &> /dev/null
    else
    echo “user$i exist!”
    fi
    done
    
    ps:命令:echo t{1..10} | xargs -n1 useradd ,可以更快创建新用户 
    

    四、检查软件包是否安装

    #!/bin/bash
    if rpm -q $! &>/dev/null; then
            echo "$1 is already installed."
        else
            echo "$1 is not installed!"
    

    五、 检查服务状态

    #!/bin/bash
    #检查服务状态,是否安装
    read -p "请输入要检测的服务:" SERVICE
    netstat -anp | grep $SERVICE &> /dev/null
    if [ $? -eq 0 ]
    then
      	echo "$SERVICE服务已经启动!"
    else
      	rpm -q $SERVICE &> /dev/null
     
      	if [ $? -eq 0 ]
      	then
    		echo "$SERVICE服务已安装,正在启动...."
          	service  $SERVICE  start
      	else
    		echo "该服务未安装!"
     	fi
    fi
    

    六、检查主机存活状态

    方法1:将错误IP放到数组里面判断是否ping失败三次

    #!/bin/bash  
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
        NUM=1
        while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
            if ping -c 1 $IP > /dev/null; then
                echo "$IP Ping is successful."
                break
            else
                # echo "$IP Ping is failure $NUM"
                FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP
                let NUM++
            fi
        done
        if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ];then
            echo "${FAIL_COUNT[1]} Ping is failure!"
            unset FAIL_COUNT[*]
        fi
    done
    

    方法2:将错误次数放到FAIL_COUNT变量里面判断是否ping失败三次

    #!/bin/bash  
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
        FAIL_COUNT=0
        for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
            if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
                echo "$IP Ping is successful."
                break
            else
                # echo "$IP Ping is failure $i"
                let FAIL_COUNT++
            fi
        done
        if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
            echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
        fi
    done
    

    方法3:利用for循环将ping通就跳出循环继续,如果不跳出就会走到打印ping失败

    #!/bin/bash
    ping_success_status() {
        if ping -c 1 $IP >/dev/null; then
            echo "$IP Ping is successful."
            continue
        fi
    }
    IP_LIST="192.168.18.1 192.168.1.1 192.168.18.2"
    for IP in $IP_LIST; do
        ping_success_status
        ping_success_status
        ping_success_status
        echo "$IP Ping is failure!"
    done
    

    七、监控CPU、内存和硬盘利用率

    1.CPU

    #!/bin/bash
    while true
    do
      DATE=`date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
      echo "========================33[41;36m CPU使用率 ($DATE)33[0m =========================="
      sleep 1
      echo "正在获取.........."
      sleep 1
      echo "正在获取......."
      sleep 1
      echo "正在获取...."
      top -d2 -n5|grep %|awk -F ',' '{print $1,$4}'
      #PID=`ps -ef|grep top|awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'`
      #kill -9 $PID
      echo -e "=====================33[44;37m 内存使用率 ($DATE)33[0m============================"
      AVAIL=`free -h|grep Mem |awk -F ' ' '{print $7}'`
      TOTAL=`free -h|grep Mem |awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'`
      echo "avaliable Mem: $AVAIL"
      echo "total Mem: $TOTAL"
      echo "=====================33[41;36m CPU使用前10进程 ($DATE)33[0m======================="
      ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k 3|head -10
      echo "=====================33[44;37m 内存使用前10进程 ($DATE)33[0m======================"
      ps auxw|head -1;ps auxw|sort -rn -k 4|head -10
      sleep 2
    done
    

    2.内存

    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]*' 'NR==2{print $3}')  
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    TOTAL=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $2}')
    USE=$(free -m |awk '/Mem/{print $3-$6-$7}')
    FREE=$(($TOTAL-$USE))
    # 内存小于1G发送报警邮件
    if [ $FREE -lt 1024 ]; then
        echo "
        Date: $DATE
        Host: $IP
        Problem: Total=$TOTAL,Use=$USE,Free=$FREE
        " | mail -s "Memory Monitor" $MAIL
    fi
    

    3.硬盘

    #!/bin/bash
    DATE=$(date +%F" "%H:%M)
    IP=$(ifconfig eth0 |awk -F '[ :]*' 'NR==2{print $3}')   
    MAIL="example@mail.com"
    TOTAL=$(fdisk -l |awk -F'[: ]+' 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^Disk /dev/{printf "%s=%sG,",$2,$3}')
    PART_USE=$(df -h |awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5),$6}')
    for i in $PART_USE; do
        PART=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f1)
        USE=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f2)
        MOUNT=$(echo $i |cut -d"=" -f3)
        if [ $USE -gt 80 ]; then
            echo "
            Date: $DATE
            Host: $IP
            Total: $TOTAL
            Problem: $PART=$USE($MOUNT)
            " | mail -s "Disk Monitor" $MAIL
        fi
    done
    

    八、 批量主机磁盘利用率监控

    前提监控端和被监控端SSH免交互登录或者密钥登录。

    写一个配置文件保存被监控主机SSH连接信息,文件内容格式:IP User Port

    #!/bin/bash
    HOST_INFO=host.info
    for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do
        USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
        PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
        TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp
        ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE
        USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^/dev/{print $1,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)
        for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do
            PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}
            USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}
            if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then
                echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"
            fi
        done
    done
    
    

    九、 检查网站可用性

    1.检查URL可用性

    方法1:
    check_url() {
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
        fi
    }
    方法2:
    check_url() {
    if ! wget -T 10 --tries=1 --spider $1 >/dev/null 2>&1; then 
    #-T超时时间,--tries尝试1次,--spider爬虫模式
            echo "Warning: $1 Access failure!"
        fi
    }
    使用方法:check_url www.baidu.com
    

    2.判断三次URL可用性

    思路与上面检查主机存活状态一样。

    方法1:利用循环技巧,如果成功就跳出当前循环,否则执行到最后一行
    #!/bin/bash  
    check_url() {
        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $1)
        if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then
            continue
        fi
    }
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
        check_url $URL
        check_url $URL
        check_url $URL
        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
    done
    
    方法2:错误次数保存到变量
    #!/bin/bash  
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
        FAIL_COUNT=0
        for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do
            HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
            if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
                let FAIL_COUNT++
            else
                break
            fi
        done
        if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
        fi
    done
    
    方法3:错误次数保存到数组
    #!/bin/bash  
    URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.agasgf.com"
    for URL in $URL_LIST; do
        NUM=1
        while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do
            HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)
            if [ $HTTP_CODE -ne 200 ]; then
                FAIL_COUNT[$NUM]=$IP  #创建数组,以$NUM下标,$IP元素
                let NUM++
            else
                break
            fi
        done
        if [ ${#FAIL_COUNT[*]} -eq 3 ]; then
            echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"
            unset FAIL_COUNT[*]    #清空数组
        fi
    done
    

    十、检查MySQL主从同步状态

    #!/bin/bash  
    USER=***
    PASSWD=*******
    IO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e 'show slave statusG' |awk -F: '/Slave_.*_Running/{gsub(": ",":");print $0}')  #gsub去除冒号后面的空格
    for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do
        THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}
        THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}
        if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then
            echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!"
        fi
    done
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/jhno1/p/14448809.html
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