from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base # 要继承这个类
from sqlalchemy import Column # 写字段 条件
from sqlalchemy import Integer,String,Text,Date,DateTime
from sqlalchemy import create_engine # 链接数据库
# 单独执行 model 文件
Base = declarative_base()
class Users(Base):
__tablename__ = 'users' # 要建的 表名
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True) #
name = Column(String(32), index=True, nullable=False) # index加 索引 nullable 为空
depart_id = Column(Integer) # Integer int
def create_all():
'''
建表
:return:
'''
engine = create_engine(
"mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/db2?charset=utf8",
max_overflow=0, # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
pool_size=5, # 连接池大小
pool_timeout=30, # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
pool_recycle=-1 # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
)
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
def drop_all():
'''
删表
:return:
'''
engine = create_engine(
"mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/db2?charset=utf8",
max_overflow=0, # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
pool_size=5, # 连接池大小
pool_timeout=30, # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
pool_recycle=-1 # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
)
Base.metadata.drop_all(engine)
if __name__ == '__main__':
drop_all()
create_all()
models.py
views.py
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from models import Users
# 创建引擎
engine = create_engine(
"mysql+pymysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/s9day120?charset=utf8",
max_overflow=0, # 超过连接池大小外最多创建的连接
pool_size=5, # 连接池大小
pool_timeout=30, # 池中没有线程最多等待的时间,否则报错
pool_recycle=-1 # 多久之后对线程池中的线程进行一次连接的回收(重置)
)
# 根据引擎创建session工厂
SessionFactory = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
# 用session工厂创建一个session对象
session = SessionFactory()
..........
# 根据Users类对users表进行增删改查
..........
# 关闭session
session.close()
操作
增
obj = Users(name='alex')
session.add(obj)
session.commit()
session.add_all([
Users(name='小东北'),
Users(name='龙泰')
])
session.commit()
删
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2).delete()
session.commit()
改
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({Users.name:'东北'})
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({'name':'小东北'})
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id == 4).update({'name':Users.name+"DSB"},synchronize_session=False)
session.commit()
查
result = session.query(Users).all()
for row in result:
print(row.id,row.name)
result = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2)
for row in result:
print(row.id,row.name)
result = session.query(Users).filter(Users.id >= 2).first()
print(result)
between 之间查询
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.between(1, 3), Users.name == 'eric').all()
in
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all()
session.query(Users).filter(~Users.id.in_([1,3,4])).all()
子查询
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id.in_(session.query(Users.id).filter(Users.name=='eric'))).all()
and 和 or
from sqlalchemy import and_, or_
session.query(Users).filter(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric').all()
session.query(Users).filter(and_(Users.id > 3, Users.name == 'eric')).all()
session.query(Users).filter(or_(Users.id < 2, Users.name == 'eric')).all()
session.query(Users).filter(
or_(
Users.id < 2,
and_(Users.name == 'eric', Users.id > 3),
Users.extra != ""
)).all()
filter_by 写参数
session.query(Users).filter_by(name='alex').all()
通配符
ret = session.query(Users).filter(Users.name.like('e%')).all()
ret = session.query(Users).filter(~Users.name.like('e%')).all() # ~ 是 not
切片
result = session.query(Users)[1:2]
排序
ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc()).all()
ret = session.query(Users).order_by(Users.name.desc(), Users.id.asc()).all()
group by 分组
from sqlalchemy.sql import func
ret = session.query(
Users.depart_id,
func.count(Users.id),
).group_by(Users.depart_id).all()
for item in ret:
print(item)
from sqlalchemy.sql import func
ret = session.query(
Users.depart_id,
func.count(Users.id),
).group_by(Users.depart_id).having(func.count(Users.id) >= 2).all()
for item in ret:
print(item)
union 和 union all
"""
组合:
select id,name from users
UNION #去重组合 不去重union all
select id,name from users;
"""
# q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2)
# q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2)
# ret = q1.union(q2).all()
#
# q1 = session.query(Users.name).filter(Users.id > 2)
# q2 = session.query(Favor.caption).filter(Favor.nid < 2)
# ret = q1.union_all(q2).all()