在项目中经常需要把数据导出，导入到Excel中
导出excel有两种，一种导出Html格式，一种导出标准Excel格式
导出Html格式，导出速度快，导出简单，显示和普通的Excel一样（但是选择打开方式用记事本打开你会发现它是个html页面）。但是以此为模板导入程序不行，以为excel不识别这种格式。
导出标准Excel格式（本方法用模板副本导出，不是用excel组件）导出速度稍微慢一些，但是对于数据量不大的导出还是可以用的，优点：支持以此为模板直接导人程序。因为它是标准Excel（右击用记事本打开为乱码）。
导出html格式Excel
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public static void ToExcel(Control ctl, string filename, bool checkControl) { if (checkControl) { PrepareGridViewForExport(ctl); } HttpContext.Current.Response.Clear(); HttpContext.Current.Response.Buffer = true; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentType = "application/vnd.ms-excel"; HttpContext.Current.Response.AddHeader("Content-Disposition", string.Format("attachment;filename={0}.xls", page.Server.UrlEncode(filename.Trim()))); HttpContext.Current.Response.Charset = Encoding.UTF8.EncodingName; HttpContext.Current.Response.ContentEncoding = Encoding.UTF8; HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("<html><head><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\">"); HttpContext.Current.Response.Write(writer.ToString()); HttpContext.Current.Response.Write("</body></html>"); HttpContext.Current.Response.End(); }
private static void PrepareGridViewForExport(Control ctl) { LinkButton button = new LinkButton(); Literal child = new Literal(); for (int i = 0; i < ctl.Controls.Count; i++) { if (ctl.Controls[i].GetType() == typeof(LinkButton)) { child.Text = (ctl.Controls[i] as LinkButton).Text; ctl.Controls.Remove(ctl.Controls[i]); ctl.Controls.AddAt(i, child); } else if (ctl.Controls[i].GetType() == typeof(DropDownList)) { child.Text = (ctl.Controls[i] as DropDownList).SelectedItem.Text; ctl.Controls.Remove(ctl.Controls[i]); ctl.Controls.AddAt(i, child); } else if (ctl.Controls[i].GetType() == typeof(CheckBox)) { child.Text = (ctl.Controls[i] as CheckBox).Checked ? "True" : "False"; ctl.Controls.Remove(ctl.Controls[i]); ctl.Controls.AddAt(i, child); } else if (ctl.Controls[i].GetType() == typeof(HyperLink)) { child.Text = (ctl.Controls[i] as HyperLink).Text; ctl.Controls.Remove(ctl.Controls[i]); ctl.Controls.AddAt(i, child); } else if (ctl.Controls[i].GetType() == typeof(CheckBoxList)) { CheckBoxList list = ctl.Controls[i] as CheckBoxList; string str2 = string.Empty; foreach (ListItem item in list.Items) { str2 = str2 + (item.Selected ? "(True)" : "(False)") + item.Text; } child.Text = str2; ctl.Controls.Remove(list); ctl.Controls.AddAt(i, child); } if (ctl.Controls[i].HasControls()) { PrepareGridViewForExport(ctl.Controls[i]); } } if (ctl is GridView) { GridView view = ctl as GridView; foreach (GridViewRow row in view.Rows) { foreach (TableCell cell in row.Cells) { cell.Attributes.Add("style", "vnd.ms-excel.numberformat:@"); } } } }
导出Excel标准格式
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/// <summary> /// 导出标准格式Excel /// </summary> /// <param name="InsertSql"></param> /// <param name="filename"></param> public void ExportOut(string filename) { //复制模板名称 string filePath = Server.MapPath("~/UploadExcel/" + Guid.NewGuid().ToString() +DateTime.Now.Millisecond+ ".xls"); //导出文件名称 filename = filename + DateTime.Now.Year + DateTime.Now.Month+DateTime.Now.Day+DateTime.Now.Hour+DateTime.Now.Minute+DateTime.Now.Second+ ".xls"; //复制模板 File.Copy(Server.MapPath("~/UploadExcel/模板(请勿删除).xls"), filePath); //连接字符串 OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection("Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + filePath + ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;HDR=Yes;IMEX=2;'"); using (conn) { conn.Open(); OleDbCommand cmd = null; // 增加记录 string sql= " INSERT INTO [Sheet1$] ([产品编号], [产品名称], [批号],[当前库存],[盘点库存],[备注]) VALUES('" + 001+ "', '" + xxx+ "','" + 001+ "','" + 5+ "','" + 5 + "','" +00+ "'); "; cmd = new OleDbCommand(sql, conn); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } // 输出副本的二进制字节流 HttpContext.Current.Response.Clear(); Response.ContentType = "application/ms-excel"; //设置导出标题 Response.AppendHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=\"" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode(filename, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8) + "\""); Response.BinaryWrite(File.ReadAllBytes(filePath)); // 删除副本 File.Delete(filePath); }
注：1.你可以把sql语句利用程序根据业务组合，循环插入执行，达到数据批量导出的效果
2.新建一个Excel文档， 把要导出的标题列写好，在excel中右击选中单元格格式设置=》选中文本。这样的话对于特殊字符就能正常的输出了。把excel添加到程序里，放到指定的文件夹里防止误删。
3. File.Copy(Server.MapPath("~/UploadExcel/模板(请勿删除).xls"), filePath);其中""~/UploadExcel/模板(请勿删除).xls""就是excel模板位置
Excel导入
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private DataSet xsldata() //定义一个dataset并把excel数据读入dataset { OpenFileDialog openFile = new OpenFileDialog();//打开文件对话框。 openFile.Filter = ("Excel 文件(*.xls)|*.xls");//后缀名。 if (openFile.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { string filename = openFile.FileName; int index = filename.LastIndexOf("\\");//截取文件的名字 filename = filename.Substring(index + 1); string strCon = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=" + openFile.FileName + ";Extended Properties='Excel 8.0;IMEX=1'"; System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection Conn = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbConnection(strCon); Conn.Open(); //返回Excel的架构，包括各个sheet表的名称,类型，创建时间和修改时间等 DataTable SheetName = Conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, new object[] { null, null, null, "Table" }); //包含excel中表名的字符串数组 string[] strTableNames = new string[SheetName.Rows.Count]; for (int k = 0; k < SheetName.Rows.Count; k++) { strTableNames[k] = SheetName.Rows[k]["TABLE_NAME"].ToString(); } //从指定的表明查询数据,可先把所有表明列出来供用户选择 string strCom = "select * from [" + strTableNames[0] + "] "; System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter myCommand = new System.Data.OleDb.OleDbDataAdapter(strCom, Conn); DataSet ds = new DataSet(); myCommand.Fill(ds); Conn.Close(); return ds; //返回dataset } else { return null; } }