Msql-51CTO笔记

一、生产环境准备

1、网络环境

CentOS7：
防火墙临时关闭：[root@localhost home]# systemctl stop firewalld
关闭防火墙开机自启：[root@localhost home]# systemctl disable firewalld
selinux临时关闭： [root@localhost home]# setenforce 0
selinux永久关闭: [root@localhost home]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

CentOs6:
防火墙临时关闭：[root@localhost home]# service iptables stop
关闭防火墙开机自启：[root@localhost home]# chkconfig iptables off
selinux临时关闭：[root@localhost home]# setenforce 0
selinux永久关闭：[root@localhost home]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disbales/g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux

2、 CPU IO调度模型（用于IO读写磁盘效率）

IO模型模式说明参考：https://www.cnblogs.com/cobbliu/p/5389556.html

IO Scheduler设置：（机械用盘建议使用：deadline,固态硬盘建议使用 noop）

查看当前IO调度模式:
    [root@localhost home]# cat /sys/block/sda/queue/scheduler

设置IO调度模式：
    Centos7:
    [root@localhost home]# grubby --update-kernel=ALL --args="elevator=deadline"
   

3、SWAP设置

查看当前分配比例
    [root@localhost home]#cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness

修改优先使用比例
    当前修改： [root@localhost home]# echo 10 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
    开机调用： [root@localhost home]# echo -e "echo 10 > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local

4、文件系统设置

　　mysql 是B+Tree的结构，而XFS也是这种存储格式，与mysql结合更好，并且文件系统类型更稳定。

　　Cenos7文件系统默认：XFS Centos6 文件系统默认ext4.

　　设置 Centos6 文件系统为 XFS

1、[root@localhost home]# yum install -y xfsprogs xfsdump
2、格式化文件系统： [root@localhost home]# mkfs.xfs  /dev/sdb

5、系统参数设置

Mysql本身就是为应用提供服务的，所以生产上会有大量的连接到Mysql上，并且并发进行文件数据读取，而Linux本身为了防止并发进程过多导致系统崩溃，对进行参数进行了限制，我们直接进行修改即可

1、查看：ulimit  -a
    1.打开文件的句柄数：open files（防止too many open files错误） 
    2.针对用户数量限制：max user processes （防止单机多实例,连接数过多拒绝新连接）

2、修改：
     [root@localhost home]# echo -e "* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

二、mysql5.6安装

　　

1、环境准备
    1.创建目录：
             [root@localhost home]# mkdir -p  data/{mysql,software}
             [root@localhost home]# mkdir -p data/mysql/{data,tmp,log}
     2.创建用户：
             [root@localhost home]#  useradd mysql
      3.安装依赖包：
             [root@localhost home]# yum install perl perl-devel perl-Data-Dumper libaio-devel -y
    
3、安装
       1.下载包文件
             [root@localhost home]# cd /data/software
             [root@localhost home]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
             [root@localhost home]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
             [root@localhost home]# mv mysql-5.6.34-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
　　   2.权限赋值：
　　　　　　　 [root@localhost home]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql /data/mysql/*

三、my.cnf 配置文件

[client]
port    = 3306
socket  = /data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="u@db R:m:s [d]> "
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql/data
socket  = /data/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock
pid-file = /data/mysql/tmp/mysql.pid
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
#skip-character-set-client-handshake=true
#init_connect='insert into auditlog.accesslog(ConnectionID,ConnUserName,PrivMatchName,LoginTime) values(connection_id(),user(),current_user(),now());'
skip_name_resolve=1
event_scheduler = on
sql_mode='NO_UNSIGNED_SUBTRACTION,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'

open_files_limit = 65535
innodb_open_files = 65535 
back_log=1024
max_connections = 512 
max_connect_errors=1000000 
interactive_timeout=300 
wait_timeout=300 
max_allowed_packet = 1024M

table_open_cache=2048 
table_definition_cache=2048 
table_open_cache_instances = 32
thread_cache_size = 128 
thread_stack = 512K 
external-locking = FALSE 

max_tmp_tables=200 
tmp_table_size=100M 
max_heap_table_size=100G 
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
lock_wait_timeout = 3600 
auto_increment_increment = 1 
auto_increment_offset = 1 
autocommit = ON 
secure_file_priv='' 
read_only = OFF 
lower_case_table_names=1 
innodb_fast_shutdown = 0
innodb_force_recovery=0
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = 1 
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup = 1 

log-error=/data/mysql/log/error.log 

slow_query_log=ON 
slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/log/slow_mysql.log 
long_query_time=2

innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1 
innodb_log_file_size =1G 
innodb_log_files_in_group=3 
innodb_log_group_home_dir=./ 

sync_binlog = 1  
binlog_cache_size = 16M 
max_binlog_cache_size = 1G 
max_binlog_size=1G 
expire_logs_days = 30

default-storage-engine = INNODB 
#internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine = INNODB


transaction_isolation=REPEATABLE-READ
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50 
innodb_adaptive_flushing = ON 
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT 

sort_buffer_size=8M 
join_buffer_size=8M 
query_cache_size=0 
query_cache_type=0 
read_buffer_size = 8M
optimizer_switch="index_condition_pushdown=on,mrr=on,mrr_cost_based=on,batched_key_access=off,block_nested_loop=on"

read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M 
innodb_old_blocks_pct=35
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size= 128M 

innodb_buffer_pool_size= 1G 
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16
innodb_log_buffer_size =32M 

bulk_insert_buffer_size=128M 
innodb_change_buffer_max_size = 50 
innodb_doublewrite=on 
innodb_adaptive_hash_index = on 
innodb_file_per_table =1 
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend 
innodb_page_size = 16k
#innodb_checksum_algorithm =crc32  
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 35
innodb_rollback_on_timeout = on 
innodb_sync_spin_loops = 100 
innodb_spin_wait_delay = 30 
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 4000 

innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_write_io_threads = 2
innodb_read_io_threads = 2
innodb_purge_threads = 2
innodb_io_capacity = 800 
innodb_io_capacity_max = 1600 
server-id = 3306110
log-bin= /data/mysql/log/binlog-mysql
binlog_format=row 

四、初始化mysql

1.查看初始化使用帮助：/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --help
2.初始化当前Mysql：/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
3.初始化完成后会提示你修改密码：/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
4.查看初始化后数据库文件：ls /data/mysql/data/ 
如果包括mysql、information_schema、test目录即可以视为初始化成功