C#开发可以可视化操作的windows服务

使用C#开发自定义windows服务是一件十分简单的事。那么什么时候，我们需要自己开发windows服务呢，就是当我们需要计算机定期或者一 直执行我们开发的某些程序的时候。我经常看到许多人开发的windows服务安装卸载都是使用cmd命令来进行的，我觉得这样的话，部署起来比较麻烦，于是就考虑做了一个可视化的windows控制程序，方便，快捷。

     这里我以一个WCF的监听服务为例，因为我是做一个局域聊天室，需要服务器端监听终端，所以我就开发了一个服务，以便控制此监听服务。然而，我们开发的windows服务，默认情况下是无法可视化的操作的，这里我就额外的开发一个工具来对此服务进行操作，效果图如下：

开发步骤

1、“新建项目”——“Window服务”

Program.cs代码：

    using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Text;  
    using System.ServiceModel;  
    using System.ServiceModel.Description;  
    using System.ServiceProcess;  
      
    namespace MSMQChatService  
    {  
        class Program  
        {  
            static void Main()  
            {  
                #region 服务启动入口，正式用  
      
                ServiceBase[] ServicesToRun;  
                ServicesToRun = new ServiceBase[] {  new MQChatService()  };  
                ServiceBase.Run(ServicesToRun);  
     
                #endregion  
            }  
        }  

MQChatService.cs代码如下：

    protected override void OnStart(string[] args)  
            {  
                //开启服务  这里就是你想要让服务做的操作  
                StartService();  
            }  

3、切换到MQChatService的可视化界面

4、在可视化界面，单击鼠标右键，

将会出现一个Installer为后缀的新界面，默认好像是Project Installer.cs，我这里将其重命名为ServiceInstaller.cs

分别对界面上这两个组件进行属性配置，具体的属性签名可以查看属性面板的最下面（右下角处）

好了，我们的windows服务已经开发好了，接下来就开发一个可视化的控制器，来控制服务的安装、卸载、启动和停止。

1、  新建一个windows程序，名称ServiceSetup，Form1重命名为FrmServiceSetup，

界面控件如下：

Program.cs代码如下：

    using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.Diagnostics;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Threading;  
    using System.Threading.Tasks;  
    using System.Windows.Forms;  
      
    namespace ServiceSetup  
    {  
        static class Program  
        {  
            /// <summary>  
            /// 应用程序的主入口点。  
            /// </summary>  
            [STAThread]  
            static void Main()  
            {  
                 //获取欲启动进程名  
                string strProcessName = System.Diagnostics.Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName;  
                ////获取版本号  
                //CommonData.VersionNumber = Application.ProductVersion;  
                //检查进程是否已经启动，已经启动则显示报错信息退出程序。  
                if (System.Diagnostics.Process.GetProcessesByName(strProcessName).Length > 1)  
                {  
                    MessageBox.Show("程序已经运行。");  
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);  
                    System.Environment.Exit(1);  
                }  
                else  
                {  
                    Application.EnableVisualStyles();  
                    Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);  
                    Application.Run(new FrmServiceSetup());  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  

主界面代码：

    using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.ComponentModel;  
    using System.Data;  
    using System.Drawing;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Text;  
    using System.Threading.Tasks;  
    using System.Windows.Forms;  
      
    namespace ServiceSetup  
    {  
        public partial class FrmServiceSetup : Form  
        {  
            string strServiceName = string.Empty;  
            public FrmServiceSetup()  
            {  
                InitializeComponent();  
                strServiceName = string.IsNullOrEmpty(lblServiceName.Text) ? "MSMQChatService" : lblServiceName.Text;  
                InitControlStatus(strServiceName, btnInstallOrUninstall, btnStartOrEnd, btnGetStatus, lblMsg, gbMain);  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 初始化控件状态  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>  
            /// <param name="btn1">安装按钮</param>  
            /// <param name="btn2">启动按钮</param>  
            /// <param name="btn3">获取状态按钮</param>  
            /// <param name="txt">提示信息</param>  
            /// <param name="gb">服务所在组合框</param>  
            void InitControlStatus(string serviceName, Button btn1, Button btn2, Button btn3, Label txt, GroupBox gb)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    btn1.Enabled = true;  
      
                    if (ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))  
                    {  
                        btn3.Enabled = true;  
                        btn2.Enabled = true;  
                        btn1.Text = "卸载服务";  
                        int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);  
                        if (status == 4)  
                        {  
                            btn2.Text = "停止服务";  
                        }  
                        else  
                        {  
                            btn2.Text = "启动服务";  
                        }  
                        GetServiceStatus(serviceName, txt);  
                        //获取服务版本  
                        string temp = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName)) ? string.Empty : "(" + ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName) + ")";  
                        gb.Text += temp;  
                    }  
                    else  
                    {  
                        btn1.Text = "安装服务";  
                        btn2.Enabled = false;  
                        btn3.Enabled = false;  
                        txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】未安装！";  
                    }  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    txt.Text = "error";  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 安装或卸载服务  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>  
            /// <param name="btnSet">安装、卸载</param>  
            /// <param name="btnOn">启动、停止</param>  
            /// <param name="txtMsg">提示信息</param>  
            /// <param name="gb">组合框</param>  
            void SetServerce(string serviceName, Button btnSet, Button btnOn, Button btnShow, Label txtMsg, GroupBox gb)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    string location = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;  
                    string serviceFileName = location.Substring(0, location.LastIndexOf('\')) + "\" + serviceName + ".exe";  
      
                    if (btnSet.Text == "安装服务")  
                    {  
                        ServiceAPI.InstallmyService(null, serviceFileName);  
                        if (ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))  
                        {  
                            txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】安装成功！";  
                            btnOn.Enabled = btnShow.Enabled = true;  
                            string temp = string.IsNullOrEmpty(ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName)) ? string.Empty : "(" + ServiceAPI.GetServiceVersion(serviceName) + ")";  
                            gb.Text += temp;  
                            btnSet.Text = "卸载服务";  
                            btnOn.Text = "启动服务";  
                        }  
                        else  
                        {  
                            txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】安装失败，请检查日志！";  
                        }  
                    }  
                    else  
                    {  
                        ServiceAPI.UnInstallmyService(serviceFileName);  
                        if (!ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))  
                        {  
                            txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】卸载成功！";  
                            btnOn.Enabled = btnShow.Enabled = false;  
                            btnSet.Text = "安装服务";  
                            //gb.Text =strServiceName;  
                        }  
                        else  
                        {  
                            txtMsg.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】卸载失败，请检查日志！";  
                        }  
                    }  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    txtMsg.Text = "error";  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
            }  
      
            //获取服务状态  
            void GetServiceStatus(string serviceName, Label txtStatus)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    if (ServiceAPI.isServiceIsExisted(serviceName))  
                    {  
                        string statusStr = "";  
                        int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);  
                        switch (status)  
                        {  
                            case 1:  
                                statusStr = "服务未运行！";  
                                break;  
                            case 2:  
                                statusStr = "服务正在启动！";  
                                break;  
                            case 3:  
                                statusStr = "服务正在停止！";  
                                break;  
                            case 4:  
                                statusStr = "服务正在运行！";  
                                break;  
                            case 5:  
                                statusStr = "服务即将继续！";  
                                break;  
                            case 6:  
                                statusStr = "服务即将暂停！";  
                                break;  
                            case 7:  
                                statusStr = "服务已暂停！";  
                                break;  
                            default:  
                                statusStr = "未知状态！";  
                                break;  
                        }  
                        txtStatus.Text = statusStr;  
                    }  
                    else  
                    {  
                        txtStatus.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】未安装！";  
                    }  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    txtStatus.Text = "error";  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
            }  
      
            //启动服务  
            void OnService(string serviceName, Button btn, Label txt)  
            {  
                try  
                {  
                    if (btn.Text == "启动服务")  
                    {  
                        ServiceAPI.RunService(serviceName);  
      
                        int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);  
                        if (status == 2 || status == 4 || status == 5)  
                        {  
                            txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】启动成功！";  
                            btn.Text = "停止服务";  
                        }  
                        else  
                        {  
                            txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】启动失败！";  
                        }  
                    }  
                    else  
                    {  
                        ServiceAPI.StopService(serviceName);  
      
                        int status = ServiceAPI.GetServiceStatus(serviceName);  
                        if (status == 1 || status == 3 || status == 6 || status == 7)  
                        {  
                            txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】停止成功！";  
                            btn.Text = "启动服务";  
                        }  
                        else  
                        {  
                            txt.Text = "服务【" + serviceName + "】停止失败！";  
                        }  
                    }  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    txt.Text = "error";  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
            }  
      
            //安装or卸载服务  
            private void btnInstallOrUninstall_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                btnInstallOrUninstall.Enabled = false;  
                SetServerce(strServiceName, btnInstallOrUninstall, btnStartOrEnd, btnGetStatus, lblMsg, gbMain);  
                btnInstallOrUninstall.Enabled = true;  
                btnInstallOrUninstall.Focus();  
            }  
      
            //启动or停止服务  
            private void btnStartOrEnd_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                btnStartOrEnd.Enabled = false;  
                OnService(strServiceName, btnStartOrEnd, lblMsg);  
                btnStartOrEnd.Enabled = true;  
                btnStartOrEnd.Focus();  
            }  
      
            //获取服务状态  
            private void btnGetStatus_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                btnGetStatus.Enabled = false;  
                GetServiceStatus(strServiceName, lblMsg);  
                btnGetStatus.Enabled = true;  
                btnGetStatus.Focus();  
            }  
      
            private void FrmServiceSetup_Resize(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                if (this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)    //最小化到系统托盘  
                {  
                    notifyIcon1.Visible = true;    //显示托盘图标  
                    this.ShowInTaskbar = false;  
                    this.Hide();    //隐藏窗口  
                }  
            }  
      
            private void FrmServiceSetup_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)  
            {  
                DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("是缩小到托盘?", "确认", MessageBoxButtons.YesNoCancel, MessageBoxIcon.Information);  
                if (result== DialogResult.Yes)  
                {  
                    // 取消关闭窗体  
                    e.Cancel = true;  
                    // 将窗体变为最小化  
                    this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Minimized;  
                }  
                else if (result == DialogResult.No)  
                {  
                    System.Environment.Exit(0);  
                }  
                else  
                {  
                    e.Cancel = true;  
                }  
            }  
      
            private void notifyIcon1_MouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)  
            {  
                if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left&&this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)  
                {  
                        this.Show();  
                        this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;  
                        this.ShowInTaskbar = true; //显示在系统任务栏   
                        //notifyIcon1.Visible = false; //托盘图标不可见   
                        this.Activate();  
                }  
            }  
      
            private void 打开主界面ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                this.Show();  
                this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;  
                this.ShowInTaskbar = true; //显示在系统任务栏   
                notifyIcon1.Visible = false; //托盘图标不可见   
                this.Activate();  
            }  
      
            private void 退出ToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  
            {  
                System.Environment.Exit(0);    
                ExitProcess();  
            }  
               //结束进程  
            private void ExitProcess()  
            {  
                System.Environment.Exit(0);  
                Process[] ps = Process.GetProcesses();  
                foreach (Process item in ps)  
                {  
                    if (item.ProcessName == "ServiceSetup")  
                    {  
                        item.Kill();  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
     }  
    }  

新建一个类，专门用于日志操作LogAPI.cs，这里的日志路径和名称建议从配置文件中读取

 using System;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.IO;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Text;  
    using System.Threading.Tasks;  
      
    namespace ServiceSetup  
    {  
        public class LogAPI  
        {  
            private static string myPath = "";  
            private static string myName = "";  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 初始化日志文件  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="logPath"></param>  
            /// <param name="logName"></param>  
            public static void InitLogAPI(string logPath, string logName)  
            {  
                myPath = logPath;  
                myName = logName;  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 写入日志  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="ex">日志信息</param>  
            public static void WriteLog(string ex)  
            {  
                if (myPath == "" || myName == "")  
                    return;  
      
                string Year = DateTime.Now.Year.ToString();  
                string Month = DateTime.Now.Month.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');  
                string Day = DateTime.Now.Day.ToString().PadLeft(2, '0');  
      
                //年月日文件夹是否存在，不存在则建立  
                if (!Directory.Exists(myPath + "\LogFiles\" + Year + "_" + Month + "\" + Year + "_" + Month + "_" + Day))  
                {  
                    Directory.CreateDirectory(myPath + "\LogFiles\" + Year + "_" + Month + "\" + Year + "_" + Month + "_" + Day);  
                }  
      
                //写入日志UNDO,Exception has not been handle  
                string LogFile = myPath + "\LogFiles\" + Year + "_" + Month + "\" + Year + "_" + Month + "_" + Day + "\" + myName;  
                if (!File.Exists(LogFile))  
                {  
                    System.IO.StreamWriter myFile;  
                    myFile = System.IO.File.AppendText(LogFile);  
                    myFile.Close();  
                }  
      
                while (true)  
                {  
                    try  
                    {  
                        StreamWriter sr = File.AppendText(LogFile);  
                        sr.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString("HH:mm:ss") + "  " + ex);  
                        sr.Close();  
                        break;  
                    }  
                    catch (Exception e)  
                    {  
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(50);  
                        continue;  
                    }  
                }  
      
            }  
      
        }  
    }  

Windows服务的操作类ServiceAPI.cs

    using System;  
    using System.Collections;  
    using System.Collections.Generic;  
    using System.Configuration.Install;  
    using System.IO;  
    using System.Linq;  
    using System.Reflection;  
    using System.ServiceProcess;  
    using System.Text;  
    using System.Threading.Tasks;  
    using Microsoft.Win32;  
      
    namespace ServiceSetup  
    {  
        public class ServiceAPI  
        {  
            /// <summary>  
            /// 检查服务存在的存在性  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>  
            /// <returns>存在返回 true,否则返回 false;</returns>  
            public static bool isServiceIsExisted(string NameService)  
            {  
                ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices();  
                foreach (ServiceController s in services)  
                {  
                    if (s.ServiceName.ToLower() == NameService.ToLower())  
                    {  
                        return true;  
                    }  
                }  
                return false;  
            }  
            /// <summary>  
            /// 安装Windows服务  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="stateSaver">集合</param>  
            /// <param name="filepath">程序文件路径</param>  
            public static void InstallmyService(IDictionary stateSaver, string filepath)  
            {  
                AssemblyInstaller AssemblyInstaller1 = new AssemblyInstaller();  
                AssemblyInstaller1.UseNewContext = true;  
                AssemblyInstaller1.Path = filepath;  
                AssemblyInstaller1.Install(stateSaver);  
                AssemblyInstaller1.Commit(stateSaver);  
                AssemblyInstaller1.Dispose();  
            }  
            /// <summary>  
            /// 卸载Windows服务  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="filepath">程序文件路径</param>  
            public static void UnInstallmyService(string filepath)  
            {  
                AssemblyInstaller AssemblyInstaller1 = new AssemblyInstaller();  
                AssemblyInstaller1.UseNewContext = true;  
                AssemblyInstaller1.Path = filepath;  
                AssemblyInstaller1.Uninstall(null);  
                AssemblyInstaller1.Dispose();  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 启动服务  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>  
            /// <returns>存在返回 true,否则返回 false;</returns>  
            public static bool RunService(string NameService)  
            {  
                bool bo = true;  
                try  
                {  
                    ServiceController sc = new ServiceController(NameService);  
                    if (sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped) || sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending))  
                    {  
                        sc.Start();  
                    }  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    bo = false;  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
      
                return bo;  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 停止服务  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>  
            /// <returns>存在返回 true,否则返回 false;</returns>  
            public static bool StopService(string NameService)  
            {  
                bool bo = true;  
                try  
                {  
                    ServiceController sc = new ServiceController(NameService);  
                    if (!sc.Status.Equals(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped))  
                    {  
                        sc.Stop();  
                    }  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    bo = false;  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
      
                return bo;  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 获取服务状态  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name=" NameService ">服务名</param>  
            /// <returns>返回服务状态</returns>  
            public static int GetServiceStatus(string NameService)  
            {  
                int ret = 0;  
                try  
                {  
                    ServiceController sc = new ServiceController(NameService);  
                    ret = Convert.ToInt16(sc.Status);  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    ret = 0;  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
      
                return ret;  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 获取服务安装路径  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="ServiceName"></param>  
            /// <returns></returns>  
            public static string GetWindowsServiceInstallPath(string ServiceName)  
            {  
                string path = "";  
                try  
                {  
                    string key = @"SYSTEMCurrentControlSetServices" + ServiceName;  
                    path = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(key).GetValue("ImagePath").ToString();  
      
                    path = path.Replace(""", string.Empty);//替换掉双引号    
      
                    FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);  
                    path = fi.Directory.ToString();  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    path = "";  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                }  
                return path;  
            }  
      
            /// <summary>  
            /// 获取指定服务的版本号  
            /// </summary>  
            /// <param name="serviceName">服务名称</param>  
            /// <returns></returns>  
            public static string GetServiceVersion(string serviceName)  
            {  
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(serviceName))  
                {  
                    return string.Empty;  
                }  
                try  
                {  
                    string path = GetWindowsServiceInstallPath(serviceName) + "\" + serviceName + ".exe";  
                    Assembly assembly = Assembly.LoadFile(path);  
                    AssemblyName assemblyName = assembly.GetName();  
                    Version version = assemblyName.Version;  
                    return version.ToString();  
                }  
                catch (Exception ex)  
                {  
                    LogAPI.WriteLog(ex.Message);  
                    return string.Empty;  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  

注意：记得将服务程序的dll拷贝到可视化安装程序的bin目录下面。包括配置文件。如果运行报错，尝试以管理员身份运行安装程序。