原文：https://blog.csdn.net/pwb1994001/article/details/80896267
因为个人需要，整理的
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/dream_broken/article/details/52883883
参考：https://blog.csdn.net/lampsunny/article/details/6288457- 1
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一.系统
1.版本
① 确认是64位还是32位，其他信息不多
$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Tue Feb 16 17:03:50 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux- 1
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② 看到更多信息
$ more /etc/*release
::::::::::::::
/etc/centos-release
::::::::::::::
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
::::::::::::::
/etc/os-release
::::::::::::::
NAME="CentOS Linux"
VERSION="7 (Core)"
ID="centos"
ID_LIKE="rhel fedora"
VERSION_ID="7"
PRETTY_NAME="CentOS Linux 7 (Core)"
ANSI_COLOR="0;31"
CPE_NAME="cpe:/o:centos:centos:7"
HOME_URL="https://www.centos.org/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.centos.org/"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT="CentOS-7"
CENTOS_MANTISBT_PROJECT_VERSION="7"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT="centos"
REDHAT_SUPPORT_PRODUCT_VERSION="7"
::::::::::::::
/etc/redhat-release
::::::::::::::
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
::::::::::::::
/etc/system-release
::::::::::::::
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)- 1
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2.CPU
总核数 = 物理CPU个数 × 每颗物理CPU的核数
总逻辑CPU数 = 物理CPU个数 × 每颗物理CPU的核数 × 超线程数
① 查看物理CPU个数
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "physical id" | sort | uniq | wc -l
1- 1
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② 查看每颗物理CPU中core的个数（即核数）
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "cpu cores" | uniq
cpu cores : 8- 1
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③ 查看逻辑CPU的个数
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep "processor" | wc -l
16- 1
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④ 查看CPU信息（型号）
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep name | cut -f2 -d: | uniq -c
16 Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2666 v3 @ 2.90GHz- 1
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⑤ 查看CPU详细信息
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 63
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-2666 v3 @ 2.90GHz
stepping : 2
microcode : 0x3c
cpu MHz : 2900.028
cache size : 25600 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 16
core id : 0
cpu cores : 8
apicid : 0
initial apicid : 0
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid xsaveopt
bogomips : 5800.05
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:- 1
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3.运行模式
① 查看CPU运行在多少位模式下
$ getconf LONG_BIT
64- 1
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② 如果是32，说明当前CPU运行在32bit模式下，但不代表CPU不支持64bit
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep flags | grep ' lm ' | wc -l
16- 1
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结果大于0，说明支持64bit计算，lm指long mode，支持lm则是64bit
4.计算机名
① 计算机名
$ hostname
localhost.localdomain- 1
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5.查看环境变量
① 环境变量
$ env
XDG_SESSION_ID=4
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED=
TERM=vt100
SHELL=/bin/bash
HISTSIZE=1000
SSH_CLIENT=192.168.174.1 58896 22
SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE=
SSH_TTY=/dev/pts/0
USER=root- 1
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6.系统运行
① 系统运行时间
$ uptime
02:16:07 up 36 days, 27 min, 7 users, load average: 1.38, 1.36, 1.34- 1
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02:16:07 // 系统当前时间
up 36 days, 27 min // 主机已运行时间,36天27分钟，时间越大，说明你的机器越稳定。
7 users // 用户连接数，是总连接数而不是用户数
load average: 1.38, 1.36, 1.34 // 系统平均负载，统计最近1，5，15分钟的系统平均负载- 1
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② 查看平均负载
$ cat /proc/loadavg
1.80 1.53 1.41 4/3909 4106- 1
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前面三个值分别对应系统当前1分钟、5分钟、15分钟内的平均load；
后面的1个分数，分母表示系统进程总数，分子表示正在运行的进程数；
最后一个数字表示最近运行的进程ID。
二.资源
1.内存
① 内存详细信息
$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 30440564 kB
MemFree: 1292332 kB
MemAvailable: 9045208 kB
Buffers: 788 kB
Cached: 8805368 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 23305524 kB
Inactive: 4361900 kB
Active(anon): 19620352 kB
Inactive(anon): 869288 kB
Active(file): 3685172 kB
Inactive(file): 3492612 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 0 kB
SwapFree: 0 kB
Dirty: 1396 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 18861432 kB
Mapped: 281464 kB
Shmem: 1628228 kB
Slab: 1021668 kB
SReclaimable: 828508 kB
SUnreclaim: 193160 kB
KernelStack: 66336 kB
PageTables: 84196 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 15220280 kB
Committed_AS: 36287560 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 83692 kB
VmallocChunk: 34359493624 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 15896576 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 284672 kB
DirectMap2M: 22784000 kB
DirectMap1G: 8388608 kB- 1
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MemTotal总内存，MemFree可用内存
② 查看可用内存（-m，单位是m，-g，单位是g）
$ free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 29727 18867 1248 1598 9611 8825
Swap: 0 0 0
$ free -g
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 29 18 1 1 9 8
Swap: 0 0 0- 1
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空闲内存：total - used = free + buff/cache
我们通过free命令查看机器空闲内存时，会发现free的值很小。这主要是因为，在linux中有这么一种思想，内存不用白不用，因此它尽可能的cache和buffer一些数据，以方便下次使用。但实际上这些内存也是可以立刻拿来使用的。
三.硬盘
1.磁盘和分区
① 查看各分区使用情况
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root 45G 22G 24G 48% /
devtmpfs 906M 0 906M 0% /dev
tmpfs 921M 96K 921M 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs 921M 1004K 920M 1% /run
tmpfs 921M 0 921M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1 497M 195M 303M 40% /boot
tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/1001
tmpfs 185M 0 185M 0% /run/user/0- 1
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② 查看指定目录的大小
$ du -sh /root
1.2G /root - 1
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③ 查看所有分区
$ fdisk -l
磁盘 /dev/sda：32.2 GB, 32212254720 字节，62914560 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000a0cd4
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 62914559 30944256 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-root：29.5 GB, 29490151424 字节，57597952 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-swap：2147 MB, 2147483648 字节，4194304 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/centos-docker--poolmeta：33 MB, 33554432 字节，65536 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/docker-253:0-101330881-pool：107.4 GB, 107374182400 字节，209715200 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：65536 字节 / 65536 字节 - 1
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④ 查看所有交换分区
$ swapon -s
文件名 类型 大小 已用 权限
/dev/dm-1 partition 2097148 8 -1 - 1
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四.网络
1.网络属性信息
① 查看所有网络接口的属性
$ ifconfig
docker0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 0.0.0.0
ether 02:42:e1:b8:a5:4f txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.174.129 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.174.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:b3b4 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:50:b3:b4 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 28649 bytes 38411280 (36.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 8937 bytes 1226914 (1.1 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4 bytes 340 (340.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 00:00:00:00:00:00 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 - 1
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② 带宽
$ ethtool ens192(网卡名)
Settings for ens192:
Supported ports: [ TP ]
Supported link modes: 1000baseT/Full
10000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: No
Advertised link modes: Not reported
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: No
Speed: 10000Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: off
MDI-X: Unknown
Supports Wake-on: uag
Wake-on: d
Link detected: yes - 1
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主要查看speed
③ 查看路由表
$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 172.31.16.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-b3fca78f9ec2
172.31.16.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.240.0 U 0 0 0 eth0- 1
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④ 查看所有监听端口
$ netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10248 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 48609/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112434/java
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:10249 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15725/kube-proxy
tcp 0 0 172.31.24.20:10250 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 48609/kubelet
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:50090 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 112806/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 119314/redis-sentin
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6380 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 121036/./redis-serv
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26381 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 126277/redis-sentin
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6381 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 94302/redis-server
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:26382 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 130400/redis-sentin
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6382 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 70223/redis-server
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:17070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 172.31.24.20:10255 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 48609/kubelet
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20880 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 80641/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:19888 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9519/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.