Oracle RMAN备份

      在前一个项目中因项目经理的要求，需要提供一个自动备份功能。刚开始是想写个脚本将整个数据库exp出来进行保存，后来无意中看到了rman备份，且是官方推荐方式，所以在网上搜索了资料进行观看，感觉挺有收获的，以下是我在网上搜寻到的资料，各位有兴趣的话可以看看：

http://oracle.chinaitlab.com/backup/523597.html

http://oracle.chinaitlab.com/backup/23304.html

http://www.experts-exchange.com/Database/Oracle/A_681-Oracle-Backup-and-Recovery-Best-Practice-1-RMAN-Autobackup.html

http://www.oracle.com/technology/global/cn/pub/articles/havewala-rman-grid.html （不错）

http://microjava.javaeye.com/blog/510023 

http://www.91linux.com/html/article/database/oracle/20100909/20502.html

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/10/20/4699320.aspx （不错）

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/archive/2009/12/13/4976998.aspx(不错)  

     在了解了相关知识之后，最后提供的备份思路是这样的： 

    （1）提供一个模板文件，此文件包括rman参数设置命令，备份命令，归档日志清除命令等，参考连接：http://www.oracle.com/technology/global/cn/pub/articles/havewala-rman-grid.html

    （2）通过批处理脚本创建相关目录、备份脚本，将目录分为：data、log 、script。data目录用于存放数据库备份数据；log目录用于存储执行日志；script目录保存rman备份批处理脚本

    （3）在系统中增加备份任务，在每日01:30进行数据库备份。

以下是模板文件：

# Configure RMAN settings
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 1 DAYS;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE  DISK TO '$BACKUPDIR\cf_%F';
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE disk PARALLELISM 3;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO disk; 
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT  '$BACKUPDIR\b_%U';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT  '$BACKUPDIR\b_%U';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 3 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT  '$BACKUPDIR\b_%U';
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO  '$BACKUPDIR\snapcf_$DBNAME.f';
# Perform backup of database and archivelogs, deleting  backed up archivelogs
BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG DELETE INPUT;
# Maintainance commands for crosschecks and deleting  expired backups
ALLOCATE CHANNEL FOR MAINTENANCE DEVICE TYPE DISK;
CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP;
DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE DEVICE TYPE DISK;
CROSSCHECK  ARCHIVELOG ALL;
DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED ARCHIVELOG ALL;
# End of RMAN command script

以下是批处理脚本，已经对一些步骤进行了注释：

@echo off
set /p user=请输入系统用户
set /p pwd=请输入系统密码
::将ora_dba用户组权限赋予系统执行用户
net localgroup ora_dba  %user% /add
set /p ORACLE_SID=请输入备份数据库名称
set /p backDir=请输入备份路径
if exist "%backDir%" (
 rd /s /q "%backDir%" 
) 
md "%backDir%"
md "%backDir%\data"
md "%backDir%\log"
md "%backDir%\script"

::生成rman备份脚本
cd. > "%backDir%\script\rman_%ORACLE_SID%.cmd" 
::这句话很关键，启用延缓环境变量扩展名
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
::遍历模板文件
for /f "delims=: tokens=1*" %%i in ('findstr /n .* "%~dp0model_file.txt"') do (           
      set current=%%j
      ::对参数使用环境变量进行替换
      set current=!current:$BACKUPDIR=%backDir%!      
      set current=!current:$DBNAME=%ORACLE_SID%!     
      echo !current! >> "%backDir%\script\rman_%ORACLE_SID%.cmd"
)            
::生成计划执行脚本
echo @echo off > "%backDir%\script\task_%ORACLE_SID%.bat"
echo set ORACLE_SID=%ORACLE_SID% >> "%backDir%\script\task_%ORACLE_SID%.bat"
echo rman target / msglog="%backDir%\log\bak_%date:~0,10%.log"  cmdfile="%backDir%\script\rman_%ORACLE_SID%.cmd" >> "%backDir%\script\task_%ORACLE_SID%.bat"
schtasks /delete /tn "%ORACLE_SID%_backup" /f
schtasks /create /RU %user% /RP %pwd% /sc daily /st 01:30:00 /tn "%ORACLE_SID%_backup" /tr "%backDir%\script\task_%ORACLE_SID%.bat"
pause

以上就是所有内容了，自己记录下