django学习笔记1

我的服务器是Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS，而且已经搭建好adconda虚拟环境。

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一、创建项目和程序

1、创建一个项目

在目标目录（“/www/wwwroot/”）下执行 django-admin startproject mydjango命令

目录下多了一个目录django目录，进入该目录查看

manage.py       --项目管理文件

__init__.py      --说明mysite这个目录是一个python包

setting.py        --项目的配置文件

urls.py            -- 进行url路由的配置

wsgi.py          -- web服务器和django交互的入口

2、创建应用程序

项目创建完成以后，接着要创建应用（App），相当于网站的功能，一个APP相当于一个模块，可以有一个或多个网页。

APP的创建由文件manage.py来完成。

如：

    python manage.py startapp app1  #  app1为应用名

本例中创建两个常用的app，一个是主页面 index 另一个是管理页面  user

从上图中可以看到index有多个.py文件和migrations文件夹

admin.py        --后台管理文件

models.py      --写数据库和项目的内容

tests.py         -- 写测试代码的文件

views.py      --视图文件（接收请求，进行处理）

此时在本机上可以运行，但是在服务器上还不行，需要进一步配置

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二、django 的配置信息

Django的settings文件包含Django应用的所有配置项。

一个简单的项目必须有基本的配置信息：项目的路径、密钥的配置、域名访问权限、APP列表和中进件，一般情况下会使用数据库，数据库的基本配置也在setting.py中。我们查看下这个项目的setting.py,(注意，setting.py 在与项目同名的目录中)

用vim命令查看

详细文件如下：

"""
Django settings for mydjango project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.15.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'x^sag-ots^)q#1)9+4afsmzdtjl&er034mf4az=3!zgdpkf-f@'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
     'django.contrib.admin',
     'django.contrib.auth',
     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
     'django.contrib.sessions',
     'django.contrib.messages',
     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
     'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
     'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
     'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
     'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
     'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
     'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
     'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mydjango.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
     {
         'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
         'DIRS': [],
         'APP_DIRS': True,
         'OPTIONS': {
             'context_processors': [
                 'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                 'django.template.context_processors.request',
                 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
             ],
         },
     },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mydjango.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
     'default': {
         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
         'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
     }
}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
     },
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
     },
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
     },
     {
         'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
     },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

在这里首先有一段注释，告诉我们这是mydjango项目的设置文件，使用Django 2.1.15由' Django -admin startproject'生成。等等

接着引用了os模块

这里不一一赘述，一些参考的博客说明的非常详细

https://www.cnblogs.com/guokaifeng/p/11187315.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/jrri/p/11492011.html

注意一点：

ALLOWED_HOSTS = [] 必须改为ALLOWED_HOSTS = [‘*’]，否则出了localhost和127.0.0.1无法访问。

这个例子中以后会探讨sqlserver和mysql交换数据，数据的配置以后再研究 。

这里仅配置了允许访问的地址、APP、语言和时区，配置的setting.py文件如下：

"""
Django settings for mydjango project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 2.1.15.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/
"""

import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'x^sag-ots^)q#1)9+4afsmzdtjl&er034mf4az=3!zgdpkf-f@'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']


# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',

    'index',
    'user',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'mydjango.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'mydjango.wsgi.application'


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
        'NAME': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'db.sqlite3'),
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'# 语言

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' #时区

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

未完待续