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Hibernate缓存:
- 缓存是为了降低应用程序对物理数据源访问的频次,从而提供应用程序的运行性能的一种策略
- Hibernate缓存是提升和优化Hibernate执行效率的重要手段
工作原理:
1. 应用程序读取缓存数据
2. 缓存命中则直接返回数据
3. 缓存未命中则去数据库中查询数据,然后将数据放入缓存中并返回数据
一级缓存:
1. Hibernate一级缓存又称为“Session缓存”、“会话级缓存”
2. 通过Session从数据库查询实体时会把实体从内存中取出来,下一查询统一实体时不再从数据库获取,而是从内存中获取
3. 一级缓存的声明周期和Session相同;Session销毁,它也销毁
4. 一级缓存的数据可使用范围在当前会话之内
API:
1. 一级缓存无法取消,用两个方法管理
- evict():用于将对象从Session的一级缓存中清除
- clear():用于将一级缓存中的所有对象清除
2. 相关方法
- query.list()
- query.iterate()
实例:
1.项目结构
2.pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.struts</groupId> <artifactId>Hibernate-PrimaryBuffer</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <hibernate.version>5.1.7.Final</hibernate.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- Junit --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Hibernate --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId> <version>${hibernate.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- MySQL --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.42</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
3.Student.java
package org.hibernate.model; import java.util.Date; /** * 学生实体类 * */ public class Student { private long id;// 学号 private String username;// 姓名 private Date birthday;// 生日 private String sex;// 性别 public Student() { } public Student(long id, String username, Date birthday, String sex) { this.id = id; this.username = username; this.birthday = birthday; this.sex = sex; } public long getId() { return id; } public void setId(long id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } }
4.Student.hbm.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" > <hibernate-mapping> <class name="org.hibernate.model.Student" table="STUDENT"> <id name="id" type="java.lang.Long"> <column name="ID"/> <generator class="assigned"/> </id> <property name="username" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="USERNAME"/> </property> <property name="birthday" type="date"> <column name="BIRTHDAY"/> </property> <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="SEX"/> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
5.hibernate.cfg.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration> <!-- 配置SessionFactory --> <session-factory> <!-- 配置数据库连接信息 --> <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">***</property> <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property> <property name="connection.url"> jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useSSL=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8 </property> <!-- 常用设置 --> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property><!-- 方言 --> <property name="show_sql">true</property><!-- 是否展示SQL --> <property name="format_sql">false</property><!-- 格式化SQL --> <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property><!-- 自动创建表结构 --> <!-- 引入映射文件 --> <mapping resource="hbm/Student.hbm.xml"/> </session-factory> </hibernate-configuration>
6.TestPrimartBuffer.java
package org.hibernate.test; import java.util.Date; import java.util.Iterator; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Query; import org.hibernate.Session; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.hibernate.Transaction; import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; import org.hibernate.model.Student; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; public class TestPrimaryBuffer { private SessionFactory sessionFactory; private Session session; private Transaction transaction; @Before public void before() { sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();// 创建会话工厂对象 session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 创建会话 transaction = session.beginTransaction();// 开始事务 } @After public void after() { transaction.commit();// 提交事务 session.close();// 关闭会话 sessionFactory.close();// 关闭会话工厂 } /** * 初始化数据库 */ @Test public void init() { Student student = new Student(1, "张三", new Date(), "男"); session.save(student); student = new Student(2, "李四", new Date(), "男"); session.save(student); student = new Student(3, "王五", new Date(), "男"); session.save(student); } /** * 同一个session */ @Test public void testSameSession() { Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); } /** * 不同session */ @Test public void testDiffSession() { Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); session = sessionFactory.openSession(); student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); } /** * Evict,同一个session */ @Test public void testEvict() { Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); session.evict(student); student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); } /** * Clear,同一个session */ @Test public void testClear() { Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); session.clear(); student = session.get(Student.class, 1L); System.out.println(student.getUsername()); } /** * Query */ @Test @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void testQuery() { Query query = session.createQuery("from Student"); List<Student> list = query.list(); for (Student s: list) { System.out.println(s.getUsername()); } System.out.println(); list = query.list(); for (Student s: list) { System.out.println(s.getUsername()); } } /** * Interate */ @Test @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") public void testIterate() { Query query = session.createQuery("from Student"); List<Student> list = query.list(); for (Student s: list) { System.out.println(s.getUsername()); } System.out.println(); Iterator<?> iterator = query.iterate(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Student s = (Student) iterator.next(); System.out.println(s.getUsername()); } } /** * Interate2 */ @Test public void testIterate2() { Query query = session.createQuery("from Student"); Iterator<?> iterator = query.iterate(); while (iterator.hasNext()) { Student s = (Student) iterator.next(); System.out.println(s.getUsername()); } } }
7.效果预览(首先执行init()方法进行数据库表的初始化)
7.1 执行testSameSession()方法
说明:同一个Session中查询同一对象使用缓存,执行一次查询操作
7.2 执行testDiffSession()方法
说明:不同Session中查询同一对象没有使用缓存,执行多次查询操作
7.3 执行testEvict()方法
说明:同一Session中,由于使用evict()方法从缓存中清除了Student对象,因此也需查询多次
7.4 执行testClear()方法
说明:同一Session中,由于使用clear()方法清除了缓存中的所有对象,因此也需查询多次
7.5 执行testQuery()方法
说明:在同一Session中查询同一对象,依然执行了两次SQL,说明query.list()方法不使用缓存
7.6 执行testIterate()方法
7.7 执行testIterate2()方法
说明:从7.6和7.7的结果可以得出,query.iterate()方法使用缓存,但是iterate()方法先从数据中查询所有的id,然后通过id去缓存中查找;若查找失败,则根据id去数据库查询详细信息
8.总结:
1. 同一个session对象,多次查询同一个对象,因为缓存只会执行一次查询操作,查询效率较快
2. 不同Session对象,多次查询同一对象,不存在缓存会多次执行查询操作,查询效率较慢
3. query.list()虽然在同一个Session中,但是不会使用缓存
4. query.iterate()在同一个Session中会使用缓存。但是iterate()会先从数据库中查询所有的id,然后通过id去缓存中查询对应对象;
若缓存中不存在该id对应的对象,则会根据id去数据库中查询