JAVA中生成Excel方法

  java 操作 Excel 最常用的就是JXL(java excel api)和POI，今先看下JXL吧。首先可以到 http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html  下载最新的jxl.jar，里面有它的jar包和API，内有一个小例子，可以参考一下。

    JXL 用起来挺简单的，不过相应的其功能也并不是十分强大，对于一般的简单的excel操作还可以，对于太复杂的还是有些吃力，基本的操作也就是以下几项内容。

    首先，要创建一个可读写的工作簿（WritableWorkbook）：

WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\test.xls"));

如果是想要修改一个已存在的excel工作簿，则需要先获得它的原始工作簿，再创建一个可读写的副本：

Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\test\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本

然后，取得我们要操作的sheet，并对其进行相应的操作，如改名、合并单元格、设置列宽、行高等:

WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
workbook.removeSheet(3);
        
sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度

之后，就是对单元格的操作了，可以通过如下方法获取一个单元格，其中两个参数分别为列、行的位置，从0开始计数，如（2,3）就代表单元格C4：

WritableCell cell = sheet.getWritableCell(2,3);

通过WritableFont、WritableCellFormat等对象可以设置单元格的字体、样式等外观：

WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
                             20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,   // 字号
                             WritableFont.NO_BOLD,                   // 粗体
                             false,                                   // 斜体
                             UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,            // 下划线
                             Colour.BLUE2,                        // 字体颜色
                             ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
cell.setCellFormat(wcf);

在jxl中，有几种常用的数据类型，根据单元格内数据类型的不同，每个WritableCell可以根据其类型被转换为它的一个子类型，以便对不同类型的数据进行专门的处理，通常可以做这样的转换：

WritableCell fromCell = sheet0.getWritableCell(j, i);

if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Number) {
    jxl.write.Number num = (jxl.write.Number) fromCell;
} else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
    jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) fromCell;
} else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
    jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) fromCell;
} else if(fromCell instanceof Label){
    Label _label = (Label) fromCell;
}

当然，操作完成之后一定不要忘了刷新（或者叫写入？）和关掉工作簿：

 workbook.write();
 workbook.close();

下面是参考jxl api里那个例子写的，把我自己觉得常用的excel操作基本都包含了：

package test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

import jxl.CellType;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.format.Alignment;
import jxl.format.Border;
import jxl.format.BorderLineStyle;
import jxl.format.Colour;
import jxl.format.ScriptStyle;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
import jxl.write.Blank;
import jxl.write.DateFormat;
import jxl.write.DateFormats;
import jxl.write.DateTime;
import jxl.write.Formula;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.Number;
import jxl.write.NumberFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableCell;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFeatures;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableFont;
import jxl.write.WritableHyperlink;
import jxl.write.WritableImage;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException;

/**
 * 
 * @author why
 *
 */
public class ExcelTest {

    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws IOException 
     * @throws BiffException 
     * @throws WriteException 
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, BiffException, WriteException {
        Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\test\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
        WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本
        
        
        /**
         * 定义与设置Sheet
         */
        WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
        sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
        workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
        workbook.removeSheet(3);
        
        sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
        sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
        sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
        sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度
        
         WritableCell cell = null;
         WritableCellFormat wcf = null;
         Label label = null;
         WritableCellFeatures wcfeatures = null;
        
         // 更改标题字体
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,0);
         WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
                                                  20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE,  // 字号
                                                  WritableFont.NO_BOLD,                    // 粗体
                                                  false,                                     // 斜体
                                                  UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE,            // 下划线
                                                  Colour.BLUE2,                            // 字体颜色
                                                  ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
         wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
         wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
         wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B3的字体改为仿宋_GB2312
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,2);
         WritableFont fs = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),
                                           11);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(fs);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B4的字号改为20
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,3);
         WritableFont size20 = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
                                               20);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(size20);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B5的字体改为加粗
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,4);
         WritableFont bold = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
                                               11,
                                               WritableFont.BOLD);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(bold);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B6的字体改为倾斜
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,5);
         WritableFont italic = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
                                                 11,
                                                 WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
                                                 true);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(italic);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B7字体加下划线
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,6);
         WritableFont underline = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
                                                    11,
                                                    WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
                                                    false,
                                                    UnderlineStyle.SINGLE);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(underline);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B8的文字改为“待修改文字-已修改”
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,7);
         if (cell.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
         {
             Label lc = (Label) cell;
             lc.setString(lc.getString() + " - 已修改");
         }
        
         // 将B9文字对齐方式改为垂直居中、右对齐
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,8);
         WritableFont align = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
                                                  11);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(align);
         wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.RIGHT); // 设置为右对齐
         wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE); // 设置为垂直居中
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将E3文字改为自动换行
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(4,2);
         WritableFont justify = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"), 
                                                  11);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(justify);
         wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.JUSTIFY);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
        
         // 将B12的数字有效位数从5位改为7位
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,11);
         NumberFormat sevendps = new NumberFormat("#.0000000");
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(sevendps);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B13改为4位科学计数法表示
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,12);
         NumberFormat exp4 = new NumberFormat("0.####E0");
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(exp4);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B14改为默认数字表示
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,13);
         cell.setCellFormat(WritableWorkbook.NORMAL_STYLE);
        
         // 将B15数字类型的值17改为22
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,14);
         if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
         {
             Number n = (Number) cell;
             n.setValue(42);
         }
        
         // 将B16的值2.71进行加法运算2.71 + 0.1
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,15);
         if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
         {
             Number n = (Number) cell;
             n.setValue(n.getValue() + 0.1);
         }
        
         // 将B19日期格式改为默认
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,18);
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(DateFormats.FORMAT9);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B20日期格式改为dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,19);
         DateFormat df = new DateFormat("dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss");
         wcf = new WritableCellFormat(df);
         cell.setCellFormat(wcf);
        
         // 将B21的日期设置为 2011-6-1 11:18:50
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,20);
         if (cell.getType() == CellType.DATE)
         {
             DateTime dt = (DateTime) cell;
             Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
             cal.set(2011, 5, 1, 11, 18, 50);
             Date d = cal.getTime();
             dt.setDate(d);
         }
        
        
         // 将B24文字添加链接http://www.baidu.com
         WritableHyperlink link = new WritableHyperlink(1, 23, new URL("http://www.baidu.com"));
         sheet.addHyperlink(link);
        
         // 更改URL链接
         WritableHyperlink hyperlinks[] = sheet.getWritableHyperlinks();
         for (int i = 0; i < hyperlinks.length; i++) {
             WritableHyperlink wh = hyperlinks[i];
             if (wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 24) {
                 // 将B25文字链接取消
                 sheet.removeHyperlink(wh,true);//true：保留文字；false：删除文字
             }else if(wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 25){
                 try {
                     // 将B26链接更改为http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com
                     wh.setURL(new URL("http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com"));
                 } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                     e.printStackTrace();
                 }
             }
         }
        
        
         // 利用公式取得B29、B30的值
         Formula f1 = new Formula(1, 28, "SUM(C29:D29)");
         sheet.addCell(f1);
         Formula f2 = new Formula(1, 29, "AVERAGE(C30:G30)");
         sheet.addCell(f2);
        
         // 在B32处添加图片，图片大小占10行3列，只支持png格式
         File file = new File("d:\shu05.png");
         WritableImage image = new WritableImage(1, 31, 3, 10, file);
         sheet.addImage(image);
        
         // 在A44出添加内容"Added drop down validation"，并为其添加注释
         label = new Label(0, 43, "Added drop down validation");
         wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
         wcfeatures.setComment("右边列是个下拉列表");
         label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
         sheet.addCell(label);
         
         // 在B44处添加一个下拉列表并添加注释
         Blank b = new Blank(1, 43);
         wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
         ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
         al.add("why");
         al.add("landor");
         al.add("tjm");
         wcfeatures.setDataValidationList(al);
         wcfeatures.setComment("这是一个注释");
         b.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
         sheet.addCell(b);
         
         // 为A46添加注释。
         // 此处比较麻烦，试了多次发现必须将cell强制类型转换、添加CellFeatures再修改注释才可用，不知有没有更好的办法。
         cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,45);
         wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
         wcfeatures.setComment("这个注释不会被显示，删了这行还不行,MD");
         cell.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
         
         label = (Label) cell;
//         label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);// 直接这样写会报一个警告（“注释已存在”），但那个注释仍会被显示。
         label.addCellFeatures();
         label.getWritableCellFeatures().setComment("终于加上注释了，哈哈哈哈");
         
         
//        if (cell instanceof Number) {
//            Number num = (Number) cell;
//            num.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
//        } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
//            jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) cell;
//            bool.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
//        } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
//            jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) cell;
//            dt.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
//        } else {
//            Label _label = (Label) cell;
//            _label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
//        }
         
         workbook.write();
         workbook.close();
         wb.close();
    }

}

xl读取excel和写excel基本类似，只是WritableWorkbook换成了Workbook；　WritableSheet换成了　Sheet　；Label　换成了Cell。

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import jxl.Cell;
import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
public class ReadExcel {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
  try {  
            //选取指定的excel  
            Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("F:\test.xls"));  
            //选取制定的sheet  
            Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);  
            //选取指定的cell  
            //遍历循环得到所要的cell值  
            for(int j = 0 ;j<sheet.getRows() ; j++)  
                    for(int i = 0 ;i<sheet.getColumns();i++){  
            Cell cell = sheet.getCell(i,j);  
            //获取该cell的值  
            String var1 = cell.getContents();  
            //打印输出该值  
            System.out.println(var1);  
            }  
    } catch (BiffException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
    }  

  }
 }