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基于 OAI 部署私有的 4G EPS

前言

前段时间笔者去北京邮电大学参加了今年冬季的 OpenAirInterface Workshop Fall 2019，收获颇丰。尤其是对 Mosaic5G 演示的通过 Ubuntu Snap 来快速部署 OAI All-In-One 实验环境的方式印象深刻。Ubuntu Snap 部署方式的优点是快速便捷，适合新手入门体验 OAI，或者非通信专业人士搭建方案验证环境。但并不适合 OAI 开发者。本文主要是对 Ubuntu Snap 部署方式进行验证以及对 4G LTE/EPC 的实践学习。

注：下文部分内容摘自 PPT 《FlexRAN-Training》

硬件设备要求

运行平台

建议在 Intel x86 架构上运行 OAI，因为 DSP（数字信号处理器）需要大量使用到整数指令集（SSE, SSE2, SSS3, SSE4, and AVX2）。OAI 在以下 CPU 型号完成了测试：

Generation 3/4/5/6 Intel Core i5, i7
Generation 2/3/4 Intel Xeon
Intel Atom Rangeley, E38xx, x5-z8300

除了常见的 PC 之外，笔者也看见过有人在 UP Board（Intel Atom x5-Z8350 四核 CPU，4GB RAM，64GB eMMC）上跑。至于树莓派（Raspberry Pi）是不建议的，首先因为树莓派采用的是 ARM Cortex-A72 架构 CPU ，然后树莓派 4 才引入了 USB 3.0，这意味着旧版本的树莓派并不支持常见的 USRP RF 外设。简而言之，个人实验建议使用新一点的 PC。如果想做移动基站的话则可以考虑 UP Board。

UP Board
Raspberry Pi 4 Model B

RF 外设

总得来说，OAI 同时支持空口外设（硬件外设支持）和系统级仿真（纯软件）两种部署方式。有条件的话，笔者推荐入手 RF 外设，整体运行情况相对稳定，也更感性直观。同时可以选择的 RF 外设也很多，例如：USRP 系列或者 LimeSDR。笔者使用了是非官方版本的 USRP B210，便宜好用。

关于 USRP B210 更详细的介绍，请浏览《USRP B210 软件定义的无线网络支撑设备》。

USRP B210
LimeSDR

可编程 SIM 卡

在使用 RF 外设部署的场景中也有两种不同的 UE 侧部署方式，一种是使用 SIM 卡 + 手机的组合，另一种则是使用 PC + RF 外设模拟手机的组合。
在这里插入图片描述
当然了，除了在调试 UE 侧功能实现的场景中，后者则显得没有必要了。笔者也使用了前一个部署方式，需要 3 个要素：

可编程的 SIM 卡（白卡）
SIM 卡读写设备
SIM 卡编程软件

白卡推荐使用德国 Sysmocom 产的 sysmoUSIM-SJS1，这种卡在国内是很少见的，可以上 taobao 或 xianyu 碰碰运气。需要注意的有两点，第一是首选新卡，否则 OAI 可能不支持；第二是购买时要确认白卡是具有 ADM key 的。关于 SIM 卡的详细信息可以浏览《读写可编程 SIM/USIM 卡》。不推荐使用常规的移动、联通、电信卡，实际上笔者也没有测试过是否可行，但听说是有些问题。

至于 SIM 卡读写设备选择就很多了，笔者选择的是 Omnikey CardMan 3121 USB CCID Reader，这个是 sysmoUSIM 官方文档推荐的读写设备，taobao 可购。需要注意的是，Omnikey 只是一个读写外设，具体的读写操作、管理还需要使用到额外 SIM 卡编程软件，在 Linux 操作系统上推荐使用 pySIM。关于 Omnikey + pySIM 的组合还有一个坑，就是要使用 Ubuntu 18.04，否则可能会遇见由于驱动缺失导致发现不了 Omnikey 设备的情况，这个在后文中有详细记录。Windows 操作系统可以考虑 SIM Personalize tools，不过这个工具也比较认白卡，有些新卡可能就只读不写了。

在这里插入图片描述

UE 终端

上面也提到了 UE 终端可以使用手机也可以使用 PC 模拟，但现在 OAI 的 UE 仿真很不太稳定，不是一个好的选择。至于手机的选择也有讲究，要注意手机的 Band（频段）和 eNB 的 Band 是一致的，否则手机无法搜索到你的 “网络运营商”。因为有些国产手机是不支持某些国外 Band 的，比如小米 5 就对国外的 Band7 支持得不完整。如果你选择了默认的 Band7 来部署 eNB（查看 eNB 配置文件中的配置项 eutra_band，e.g. eutra_band=7），那么就可能会出现问题。通常大厂的手机没有这个问题，但如果遇见了不妨检查一下。

三星 Note8 的频段

高精度参考时钟

高精度的参考时钟是可选的，假如在你试验的场景中，手机需要在多个 eNB 之间切换，此时才会需要，手机接入 eNB 会更快。高精度参考时钟可以使用 USRP B210 兼容的 GPS-DO 模块。如果你没有使用 USRP B210 也可以采用 GPS-DO 扩展板 + 板载的晶振模块（时钟模块）+ GPS 天线的组合，利用 GPS 的时间信号来进行时钟的校准。GPS-DO 比较贵，也可以使用外接的 OCXO 恒温晶振，不需要天线。

USRP B210 专用 GPSGO

操作系统要求

部署 OAI 的操作系统首选 Ubuntu Linux 发行版，因为 OAI 是在 Ubuntu 上进行开发的，所以这是目前最稳定的部署平台。笔者使用的是 Ubuntu 16.04 LTS。

NOTE 1：不建议在虚拟机上运行，因为某些虚拟机可能没有加载需要的 CPU feature。
NOTE 2：不建议在容器上运行，因为 EPC 需要安装内核模块。

内核要求

OAI 对内核非常敏感，很多莫名其表的错误都是由内核不适应导致的，所以切记检查内核的版本。笔者使用的是 Ubuntu 16.04 自带的 Kernel 4.15.0，可以部署成功但不能就说是没有更好的选择了。

安装 low-latency kernel（低延时内核）：

sudo apt-get install linux-lowlatency
sudo apt-get install linux-image-`uname -r | cut -d- -f1-2`-lowlatency
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r | cut -d- -f1-2`-lowlatency
sudo reboot

加载了 GTP 内核模块（for OAI-CN）：

sudo modprobe gtp
dmesg | tail # You should see something that says about GTP kernel module

CPU Frequency scaling

OAI eNB 的实时性（Real-Time Operation）要求非常高，为了接入更多的 UE，需要进一步压榨 PC 的性能。CPU 调频功能允许操作系统通过提高或降低 CPU 的频率来达到省电目的，这里我们将 CPU 的频率打满，不让操作系统自己控制 CPU 的频率。

在 BIOS 中移除电源管理功能（P-states, C-states）
在 BIOS 中关闭超线程（hyper-threading）
禁用 Intel CPU 的 P-state 驱动（Intel CPU 专用的频率调节器驱动）

sudo vi /etc/default/grub
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_pstate=disable"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet processor.max_cstate=1 intel_idle.max_cstate=0 idle=poll"

sudo update-grub

将 intel_powerclamp（Intel 电源管理驱动程序）加入启动黑名单

sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
blacklist intel_powerclamp

reboot

关闭 CPU 睿频

sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils

sudo vi /etc/default/cpufrequtils
...
GOVERNOR="performance"

sudo update-rc.d ondemand disable
sudo /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils restart

All-In-One 部署网络拓扑

在这里插入图片描述

部署步骤

前期准备

国内软件源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main 
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

软件更新

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

运维工具

sudo apt-get install git vim openssh-server i7z subversion

Ubuntu Snap，详见《Ubuntu Snap 简述》
科学上网

安装 OAI-CN

# Install OAI-CN as a snap:
sudo snap install oai-cn --channel=edge --devmode

# Check the installation:
sudo oai-cn.help

HSS

Initialize the HSS: sudo oai-cn.hss-init
Get the configuration file: sudo oai-cn.hss-conf-get
In hss_fd.conf, change Identity to match <hostname>.openair4G.eur (e.g. hostname as oai)

vi /var/snap/oai-cn/29/hss_fd.conf

Identity = "oai.openair4G.eur";

In hss.conf, ensure the right MySQL username and password. Set OPERATOR_key to 1111…

vi /var/snap/oai-cn/current/hss.conf

HSS :
{
## MySQL mandatory options
MYSQL_server = "127.0.0.1";     # HSS S6a bind address
MYSQL_user   = "root";  # Database server login
MYSQL_pass   = "linux";  # Database server password
MYSQL_db     = "oai_db";        # Your database name

## HSS options
#OPERATOR_key = "1006020f0a478bf6b699f15c062e42b3"; # OP key matching your database
OPERATOR_key = "11111111111111111111111111111111"; # OP key matching your database

RANDOM = "true";                                   # True random or only pseudo random (for subscriber vector generation)

## Freediameter options
FD_conf = "/var/snap/oai-cn/current/hss_fd.conf";
};

Install MySQL and PHPMyAdmin if you not:

# 安装 MySQL，账户设置为 root/linux
sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-client

# 安装 apache2
sudo apt-get install apache2

# 安装 PHP
apt-get install php7.0
apt-get install libapache2-mod-php7.0

# 安装 phpmyadmin
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
sudo ln -s /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
sudo a2enconf phpmyadmin
sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 reload
sudo service apache2 restart

Create certificates: sudo oai-cn.hss-init（会生成 oai_db 数据库，所以执行之前要安装好 MySQL）
Run HSS: sudo oai-cn.hss
The last line should read Initializing S6a layer: DONE

MME

Initialize the MME: sudo oai-cn.mme-init
Locate configuration files in directory: sudo oai-cn.mme-conf-get
In mme_fd.conf: Identity needs to match hostname, ConnectPeer maybe too

vi /var/snap/oai-cn/current/mme_fd.conf
...
Identity = "oai.openair4G.eur";
...
ConnectPeer= "oai.openair4G.eur" { ConnectTo = "127.0.0.1"; No_SCTP ; No_IPv6; Prefer_TCP; No_TLS; port = 3868;  realm = "openair4G.eur";};

In mme.conf
- Correct hostname in HSS_HOSTNAME
- Edit GUMMEI_LIST and TAI_LIST
- NETWORK_INTERFACES: MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME to 127.0.1.10/24, MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11_MME to 127.0.11.1/8
- S-GW: SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11 to 127.0.11.2/8

vi /var/snap/oai-cn/current/mme.conf

MME :
{
...
    S6A :
    {
        ...
        HSS_HOSTNAME               = "oai";                                     # THE HSS HOSTNAME
    };
...
    # ------- MME served GUMMEIs
    # MME code DEFAULT  size = 8 bits
    # MME GROUP ID size = 16 bits
    GUMMEI_LIST = (
         {MCC="208" ; MNC="95"; MME_GID="4" ; MME_CODE="1"; }                   # YOUR GUMMEI CONFIG HERE
    );

    # ------- MME served TAIs
    # TA (mcc.mnc:tracking area code) DEFAULT = 208.34:1
    # max values = 999.999:65535
    # maximum of 16 TAIs, comma separated
    # !!! Actually use only one PLMN
    TAI_LIST = (
         {MCC="208" ; MNC="95";  TAC = "1"; }                                 # YOUR TAI CONFIG HERE
    );
...
    NETWORK_INTERFACES :
    {
        # MME binded interface for S1-C or S1-MME  communication (S1AP), can be ethernet interface, virtual ethernet interface, we don't advise wireless interfaces
        MME_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME         = "lo";                         # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME           = "127.0.1.10/24";             # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE

        # MME binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C)
        MME_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S11_MME        = "lo";                           # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        MME_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11_MME          = "127.0.11.1/8";                 # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        MME_PORT_FOR_S11_MME                  = 2123;                           # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
    };
...
S-GW :
{
    # S-GW binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C), if none selected the ITTI message interface is used
    SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11                = "127.0.11.2/8";                   # YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE

};

Start the MME: sudo oai-cn.mme
Last line: Peer <hostname>.openair4G.eur is now connected...

NOTE：如果是分布式部署不能使用 lo 的话，就需要根据实际的网络情况首先配置好网卡和 IP 地址。例如：

ifconfig enp3s0:s1 192.168.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
ifconfig enp3s0:mmes11 192.168.0.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 up

否则 S1-C 接口建立的时候会触发 Failed to create new SCTP listener 错误，因为 S1-C 接口是在 SCTP 协议之上实现的。

SPGW

Initialize the SPGW: sudo oai-cn.spgw-init
In spgw.conf:
- SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11 to 127.0.11.2/8
- SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP to 127.0.1.10/24
- PGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_SGI: the interface to the Internet
- DEFAULT_DNS_IPV4_ADDRESS: your DNS

vi /var/snap/oai-cn/29/spgw.conf
...
S-GW :
{
    NETWORK_INTERFACES :
    {
        # S-GW binded interface for S11 communication (GTPV2-C), if none selected the ITTI message interface is used
        SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S11              = "lo";                         # STRING, interface name, YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S11                = "127.0.11.2/8";               # STRING, CIDR, YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE

        # S-GW binded interface for S1-U communication (GTPV1-U) can be ethernet interface, virtual ethernet interface, we don't advise wireless interfaces
        SGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP    = "lo";                       # STRING, interface name, YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE, USE "lo" if S-GW run on eNB host
        SGW_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP      = "127.0.1.10/24";           # STRING, CIDR, YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        SGW_IPV4_PORT_FOR_S1U_S12_S4_UP         = 2152;                         # INTEGER, port number, PREFER NOT CHANGE UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING
...
P-GW =
{
    NETWORK_INTERFACES :
    {
        # P-GW binded interface for S5 or S8 communication, not implemented, so leave it to none
        PGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S5_S8          = "none";                         # STRING, interface name, DO NOT CHANGE (NOT IMPLEMENTED YET)

        # P-GW binded interface for SGI (egress/ingress internet traffic)
        PGW_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_SGI            = "wlp4s0";                         # STRING, YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE
        PGW_MASQUERADE_SGI                    = "yes";                           # STRING, {"yes", "no"}. YOUR NETWORK CONFIG HERE, will do NAT for you if you put "yes".
        UE_TCP_MSS_CLAMPING                   = "no";                           # STRING, {"yes", "no"}.
    };
...

Start the SPGW: sudo oai-cn.spgw
Last line: Initializing SPGW-APP task interface: DONE

安装 OAI-RAN

# Install OAI-RAN as a snap:
sudo snap install oai-ran --channel=edge --devmode

# Check the installation:
sudo oai-ran.help

Get the configuration file: sudo oai-ran.enb-conf-get
- Edit plmn_list
- Edit mme_ip_address
- Edit NETWORK_INTERFACES
- Lower max_rxgain
- Set parallel_config to PARALLEL_SINGLE_THREAD
- Disable FLEXRAN_ENABLED (no)
- Possibly lower downlink_frequency
- Recommended: N_RB_DL to 25

vi /var/snap/oai-ran/34/enb.band7.tm1.50PRB.usrpb210.conf
...
eNBs =
(
 {
    ...
    plmn_list = ( { mcc = 208; mnc = 95; mnc_length = 2; } );
...
    ////////// MME parameters:
    mme_ip_address      = ( { ipv4       = "127.0.1.10";
                              ipv6       = "192:168:30::17";
                              active     = "yes";
                              preference = "ipv4";
                            }
                          );
...
    NETWORK_INTERFACES :
    {
        ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1_MME            = "lo";
        ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1_MME              = "127.0.1.30/24";
        ENB_INTERFACE_NAME_FOR_S1U               = "lo";
        ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_S1U                 = "127.0.1.30/24";
        ENB_PORT_FOR_S1U                         = 2152; # Spec 2152

        ENB_IPV4_ADDRESS_FOR_X2C                 = "192.168.12.111/24";
        ENB_PORT_FOR_X2C                         = 36422; # Spec 36422
    };
...
RUs = (
    {
       local_rf       = "yes"
         nb_tx          = 1
         nb_rx          = 1
         att_tx         = 0
         att_rx         = 0;
         bands          = [7];
         max_pdschReferenceSignalPower = -27;
         max_rxgain                    = 125;
         eNB_instances  = [0];

    }
);
...
THREAD_STRUCT = (
  {
    #three config for level of parallelism "PARALLEL_SINGLE_THREAD", "PARALLEL_RU_L1_SPLIT", or "PARALLEL_RU_L1_TRX_SPLIT"
    #parallel_config    = "PARALLEL_RU_L1_TRX_SPLIT";
    parallel_config    = "PARALLEL_SINGLE_THREAD";
    #two option for worker "WORKER_DISABLE" or "WORKER_ENABLE"
    worker_config      = "WORKER_ENABLE";
  }
);
...
NETWORK_CONTROLLER :
{
    FLEXRAN_ENABLED        = "no";
    FLEXRAN_INTERFACE_NAME = "lo";
    FLEXRAN_IPV4_ADDRESS   = "127.0.0.1";
    FLEXRAN_PORT           = 2210;
    FLEXRAN_CACHE          = "/mnt/oai_agent_cache";
    FLEXRAN_AWAIT_RECONF   = "no";
};
...

Start Wireshark on any interface, capture filter port 36412
Start the RAN sudo oai-ran.enb
Verify that S1SetupRequest is followed by S1SetupResponse (without error. . . )
Connection of a phone, troubleshooting individually

启动 eNB 时，会与 MME 连接 SCTP 连接，在此之上再连接 S1-AP 协议通信。SCTP 连接建立过程如下：

IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 68)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [INIT] [init tag: 2598459195] [rwnd: 106496] [OS: 2] [MIS: 2] [init TSN: 3729658001]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 292)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [INIT ACK] [init tag: 1333122844] [rwnd: 106496] [OS: 2] [MIS: 2] [init TSN: 1757100737]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 264)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [COOKIE ECHO]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 36)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [COOKIE ACK]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 1, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 108)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [DATA] (B)(E) [TSN: 3729658001] [SID: 0] [SSEQ 0] [PPID S1AP] [Payload:
    0x0000:  0011 0037 0000 0400 3b00 0800 02f8 5900  ...7....;.....Y.
    0x0010:  00e0 0000 3c40 1408 8065 4e42 2d45 7572  ....<@...eNB-Eur
    0x0020:  6563 6f6d 2d4c 5445 426f 7800 4000 0700  ecom-LTEBox.@...
    0x0030:  0000 4002 f859 0089 4001 40              ..@..Y..@.@]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 34221, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 48)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [SACK] [cum ack 3729658001] [a_rwnd 106437] [#gap acks 0] [#dup tsns 0]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 34222, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 76)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [DATA] (B)(E) [TSN: 1757100737] [SID: 0] [SSEQ 0] [PPID S1AP] [Payload:
    0x0000:  2011 0017 0000 0200 6900 0b00 0002 f859  ........i......Y
    0x0010:  0000 0004 0001 0057 4001 0a              .......W@..]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 2, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 48)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [SACK] [cum ack 1757100737] [a_rwnd 106469] [#gap acks 0] [#dup tsns 0]
ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.0.1.2 tell 10.0.1.1, length 46
ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 10.0.1.2 is-at 50:7b:9d:29:a1:d7, length 28
ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Request who-has 10.0.1.1 tell 10.0.1.2, length 28
ARP, Ethernet (len 6), IPv4 (len 4), Reply 10.0.1.1 is-at 2c:60:0c:6e:c2:a9, length 46
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 3, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB REQ]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 34223, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB ACK]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 34224, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB REQ]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 4, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB ACK]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 5, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB REQ]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 34225, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB ACK]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 63, id 34226, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    192.168.0.2.36412 > 10.0.1.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB REQ]
IP (tos 0x2,ECT(0), ttl 64, id 6, offset 0, flags [DF], proto SCTP (132), length 84)
    10.0.1.2.36412 > 192.168.0.2.36412: sctp
    1) [HB ACK]

COST UE

写白卡

pySIM 官方操作手册：https://osmocom.org/projects/pysim/wiki

安装 libccid、pcscd 工具包

$ sudo apt-get install pcscd pcsc-tools libccid libpcsclite-dev python-pyscard

扫描白卡读写设备

$ pcsc_scan
PC/SC device scanner
V 1.5.2 (c) 2001-2017, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
Using reader plug'n play mechanism
Scanning present readers...
0: HID Global OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Reader [OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Reader] 00 00

Mon Dec  9 21:10:21 2019
 Reader 0: HID Global OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Reader [OMNIKEY 3x21 Smart Card Reader] 00 00
  Card state: Card inserted,
  ATR: 3B 9F 96 80 1F C7 80 31 A0 73 BE 21 13 67 43 20 07 18 00 00 01 A5

ATR: 3B 9F 96 80 1F C7 80 31 A0 73 BE 21 13 67 43 20 07 18 00 00 01 A5
+ TS = 3B --> Direct Convention
+ T0 = 9F, Y(1): 1001, K: 15 (historical bytes)
  TA(1) = 96 --> Fi=512, Di=32, 16 cycles/ETU
    250000 bits/s at 4 MHz, fMax for Fi = 5 MHz => 312500 bits/s
  TD(1) = 80 --> Y(i+1) = 1000, Protocol T = 0
-----
  TD(2) = 1F --> Y(i+1) = 0001, Protocol T = 15 - Global interface bytes following
-----
  TA(3) = C7 --> Clock stop: no preference - Class accepted by the card: (3G) A 5V B 3V C 1.8V
+ Historical bytes: 80 31 A0 73 BE 21 13 67 43 20 07 18 00 00 01
  Category indicator byte: 80 (compact TLV data object)
    Tag: 3, len: 1 (card service data byte)
      Card service data byte: A0
        - Application selection: by full DF name
        - BER-TLV data objects available in EF.DIR
        - EF.DIR and EF.ATR access services: by GET RECORD(s) command
        - Card with MF
    Tag: 7, len: 3 (card capabilities)
      Selection methods: BE
        - DF selection by full DF name
        - DF selection by path
        - DF selection by file identifier
        - Implicit DF selection
        - Short EF identifier supported
        - Record number supported
      Data coding byte: 21
        - Behaviour of write functions: proprietary
        - Value 'FF' for the first byte of BER-TLV tag fields: invalid
        - Data unit in quartets: 2
      Command chaining, length fields and logical channels: 13
        - Logical channel number assignment: by the card
        - Maximum number of logical channels: 4
    Tag: 6, len: 7 (pre-issuing data)
      Data: 43 20 07 18 00 00 01
+ TCK = A5 (correct checksum)

Possibly identified card (using /usr/share/pcsc/smartcard_list.txt):
3B 9F 96 80 1F C7 80 31 A0 73 BE 21 13 67 43 20 07 18 00 00 01 A5
	sysmoUSIM-SJS1 (Telecommunication)
	http://www.sysmocom.de/products/sysmousim-sjs1-sim-usim

安装 pySIM 白卡读写软件

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip python-yaml
$ pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pytlv
$ git clone git://git.osmocom.org/pysim pysim
$ cd pysim

读卡

$ ./pySim-read.py -p0
Using PC/SC reader (dev=0) interface
Reading ...
ICCID: 8988211000000318025
IMSI: 901700000031802
SMSP: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe1ffffffffffffffffffffffff0581005155f5ffffffffffff000000
PLMNsel: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
PLMNwAcT:
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused

OPLMNwAcT:
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused

HPLMNAcT:
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused

ACC: 0004
MSISDN: Not available
AD: 00000002
Done !

根据数据库记录确定写卡信息：
- 数据库记录：
  - users 表：
    - imsi: 208950000000001
    - key: 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862
    - OPc: 8e27b6af0e692e750f32667a3b14605d
    - mmeidentity_idmmeidentity: 7
  - mmeidentity 表：手动修改 users 的 mmeidentity_idmmeidentity 要与 mmeidentity 的 idmmeidentity 保持一致

mysql> select * from mmeidentity where idmmeidentity=7;
+---------------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| idmmeidentity | mmehost           | mmerealm      | UE-Reachability |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
|             7 | oai.openair4G.eur | openair4G.eur |               0 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+

以上述可得到要写入的 SIM 卡信息：

IMSI: 208950000000001
Ki: 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862
OPC: 8e27b6af0e692e750f32667a3b14605d
写卡

$ ./pySim-prog.py -p 0 -t sysmoUSIM-SJS1  -a 00795698 -x 208 -y 95 -i 208950000000001 -s 8988211000000318025 -o 8e27b6af0e692e750f32667a3b14605d -k 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862
Using PC/SC reader (dev=0) interface
Ready for Programming: Insert card now (or CTRL-C to cancel)
Generated card parameters :
 > Name     : Magic
 > SMSP     : e1ffffffffffffffffffffffff0581005155f5ffffffffffff000000
 > ICCID    : 8988211000000318025
 > MCC/MNC  : 208/95
 > IMSI     : 208950000000001
 > Ki       : 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862
 > OPC      : 8e27b6af0e692e750f32667a3b14605d
 > ACC      : None
 > ADM1(hex): 3030373935363938
Programming ...
Programming successful: Remove card from reader

$ ./pySim-read.py -p0
Using PC/SC reader (dev=0) interface
Reading ...
ICCID: 8988211000000318025
IMSI: 208950000000001
SMSP: ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffe1ffffffffffffffffffffffff0581005155f5ffffffffffff000000
PLMNsel: 02f859ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
PLMNwAcT:
	02f859ffff # MCC: 208 MNC:  95 AcT: UTRAN, E-UTRAN, GSM, GSM COMPACT, cdma2000 HRPD, cdma2000 1xRTT
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused

OPLMNwAcT:
	02f859ffff # MCC: 208 MNC:  95 AcT: UTRAN, E-UTRAN, GSM, GSM COMPACT, cdma2000 HRPD, cdma2000 1xRTT
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused
	ffffff0000 # unused

HPLMNAcT:
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused
	ffffffffff # unused

ACC: 0004
MSISDN: Not available
AD: 00000002
Done !

在这里插入图片描述

手机连接 OA-RAN

白卡插入手机，并其他移动网络关闭。
针对白卡开启数据漫游、开启 4G、新建 APN。
APN name 随便写，APN 一定要填写 oai.ipv4。
MCC 填 208，MNC 填 95，与 RAN 侧的配置保持一致。
接入成功后查看手机的 IP 地址是否为 PGW 地址池中分配的 IP 地址。
打开网页上网。

问题 1：启动 HSS 时触发异常

问题：

ERROR  TLS: The certificate owner does not match the hostname 'oai.openair4G.eur'
ERROR  ERROR: in '((fd_conf_parse()))' :	Invalid argument

解决：检查 hostname，重新设置 hostname，然后重新生成证书，再重新启动 HSS

hostnamectl set-hostname oai

问题 2：扫描不到白卡读写设备

问题：

root@oai:~# pcsc_scan
PC/SC device scanner
V 1.4.25 (c) 2001-2011, Ludovic Rousseau <ludovic.rousseau@free.fr>
Compiled with PC/SC lite version: 1.8.14
Using reader plug'n play mechanism
Scanning present readers...
Waiting for the first reader...

解决：使用 Ubuntu 18.04 操作系统

问题 3：UE 注册失败

问题：用 wireshark 抓 s1ap 协议发现（IMSI unknown in HSS），MME log 如下。

Handling imsi 208950000000001
Message discarded ('Internal error: Answer received to locally issued request, but not handled by any handler.'):
EMM-CTX - get UE id 0x0000000D context 0x7f8de406f310
'Authentication-Information-Answer'
EMM-CTX - get UE id 0x0000000D context 0x7f8de406f310 by imsi 208950000000001
Version: 0x01
INFORMING NAS ABOUT AUTH RESP ERROR CODE
Command Code: 318
NO Valid Security Context Available

解决：对比 SIM 卡的信息和 oai_db 数据库表记录一致后，重启所有服务

SIM 卡信息：
- IMSI: 208950000000001
- Ki: 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862
- OPC: 8e27b6af0e692e750f32667a3b14605d
数据库记录：
- users 表：
  - imsi: 208950000000001
  - key: 8baf473f2f8fd09487cccbd7097c6862
  - OPc: 8e27b6af0e692e750f32667a3b14605d
  - mmeidentity_idmmeidentity: 7
- mmeidentity 表：

mysql> select * from mmeidentity where idmmeidentity=7;
+---------------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
| idmmeidentity | mmehost           | mmerealm      | UE-Reachability |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+
|             7 | oai.openair4G.eur | openair4G.eur |               0 |
+---------------+-------------------+---------------+-----------------+

问题 4：手机没有分配到可用的 IP 地址

问题：
在这里插入图片描述

解决：重启所有服务，手机再重新接入 RAN。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/jmilkfan-fanguiju/p/12789792.html

基于 OAI 部署私有的 4G EPS

目录

文章目录

前言

硬件设备要求

运行平台

RF 外设

可编程 SIM 卡

UE 终端

高精度参考时钟

操作系统要求

内核要求

CPU Frequency scaling

All-In-One 部署网络拓扑

部署步骤

前期准备

安装 OAI-CN

HSS

MME

SPGW

安装 OAI-RAN

COST UE

写白卡

手机连接 OA-RAN

问题 1：启动 HSS 时触发异常

问题 2：扫描不到白卡读写设备

问题 3：UE 注册失败

问题 4：手机没有分配到可用的 IP 地址