许多的软件产品对硬件及操作系统等环境是有具体要求的，那么这时候如何快速知晓目标机器的目标资源信息是较为频繁的操作。
命令
- dmidecode –q
- BIOS
- dmidecode -t bios
- CPU(架构)
- [arch]
- [lscpu]
- [uname -m] 显示机器的处理器架构
- cat /proc/cpuinfo
- getconf LONG_BIT 查看当前运行模式(运行位数)
- 内存/swap区
- cat /proc/meminfo
- [cat /proc/swaps] 查看哪些swap被使用
- free -m
- 硬盘/分区/OS目录(挂载点)
- mount | column -t
- fdisk -l
- lsblk
- df -hT
- [cat /proc/mounts] 查看已加载的文件系统
- PCI设备/USB设备
- lspci
- lsusb
- 网络接口(网卡)
- lspci | grep -i 'eth'
- ifconfig -a
- ip addr
- ip link show
- ethtool eth0
- [cat /proc/net/dev] 显示网络适配器(网卡)及统计
- OS/主机
- hostname 查看服务器名称
- hostnamectl set-hostname xxxx 重置hostname
- uname －a 查看版本当前操作系统信息(含：内核等信息)
- [uname -r] 查看正在使用的【内核】版本
- cat /proc/version 查看【内核】的版本/查看当前操作系统版本信息
- cat /etc/issue 或 cat /etc/redhat-release 查看版本当前操作系统发行版信息
- hostname 查看服务器名称
- 其他
- [cat /proc/interrupts] 显示中断
[0] dmidecode -t bios
查看bios信息
Dmidecode:这款软件允许你在 Linux 系统下获取有关硬件方面的信息。Dmidecode 遵循 SMBIOS/DMI 标准，其输出的信息包括 BIOS、系统、主板、处理器、内存、缓存等等。
Dmidecode命令格式 ： dmidecode -t typecode (dmidecode -t 0 等效于 dmidecode -t BIOS)
dmidecode –q : 查看所有硬件信息(CPU、硬盘、网卡、磁盘等硬件)
# dmidecode 3.2
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.
Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes
BIOS Information
Vendor: LENOVO
Version: ELKT35AUS
Release Date: 11/26/2013
Address: 0xF0000
Runtime Size: 64 kB
ROM Size: 4608 kB
Characteristics:
PCI is supported
BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed
Boot from CD is supported
Selectable boot is supported
BIOS ROM is socketed
EDD is supported
5.25"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
3.5"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h)
Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h)
Serial services are supported (int 14h)
Printer services are supported (int 17h)
ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported
BIOS boot specification is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported
UEFI is supported
BIOS Revision: 1.35
Firmware Revision: 1.22
Handle 0x004D, DMI type 13, 22 bytes
BIOS Language Information
Language Description Format: Long
Installable Languages: 3
en|US|iso8859-1
fr|FR|iso8859-1
zh|CN|unicode
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1
[1] lscpu
display information about the CPU architecture
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 4
On-line CPU(s) list: 0-3
Thread(s) per core: 2
Core(s) per socket: 2
座： 1
NUMA 节点： 1
厂商 ID： GenuineIntel
CPU 系列： 6
型号： 58
型号名称： Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-3240T CPU @ 2.90GHz
步进： 9
CPU MHz： 1599.743
CPU max MHz: 2900.0000
CPU min MHz: 1600.0000
BogoMIPS： 5786.80
虚拟化： VT-x
L1d 缓存： 32K
L1i 缓存： 32K
L2 缓存： 256K
L3 缓存： 3072K
NUMA 节点0 CPU： 0-3
[2] cat /proc/cpuinfo
查看CPU详细信息: cat /proc/cpuinfo
查看cpu运行模式: getconf LONG_BIT
processor : 0
...
processor : 1
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 58
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3-3240T CPU @ 2.90GHz
stepping : 9
microcode : 0x21
cpu MHz : 1627.709
cache size : 3072 KB
physical id : 0
siblings : 4
core id : 1
cpu cores : 2
apicid : 2
initial apicid : 2
fpu : yes
fpu_exception : yes
cpuid level : 13
wp : yes
flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 popcnt tsc_deadline_timer xsave avx f16c lahf_lm epb ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase smep erms xsaveopt dtherm arat pln pts md_clear spec_ctrl intel_stibp flush_l1d
bogomips : 5786.80
clflush size : 64
cache_alignment : 64
address sizes : 36 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
power management:
processor : 2
...
processor : 3
...
[3] free -m
m: 单位为MB
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 11903 3996 2650 265 5256 7329
Swap: 8191 0 8191
[4] cat /proc/meminfo
查看内存详细使用
MemTotal: 12188892 kB
MemFree: 2714864 kB
MemAvailable: 7505604 kB
Buffers: 1088 kB
Cached: 5190608 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 5281500 kB
Inactive: 3602352 kB
Active(anon): 3693968 kB
Inactive(anon): 270024 kB
Active(file): 1587532 kB
Inactive(file): 3332328 kB
Unevictable: 0 kB
Mlocked: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 8388604 kB
SwapFree: 8388604 kB
Dirty: 4 kB
Writeback: 0 kB
AnonPages: 3692156 kB
Mapped: 369268 kB
Shmem: 271836 kB
Slab: 276088 kB
SReclaimable: 190960 kB
SUnreclaim: 85128 kB
KernelStack: 18512 kB
PageTables: 84760 kB
NFS_Unstable: 0 kB
Bounce: 0 kB
WritebackTmp: 0 kB
CommitLimit: 14483048 kB
Committed_AS: 11778012 kB
VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed: 368152 kB
VmallocChunk: 34358947836 kB
Percpu: 1536 kB
HardwareCorrupted: 0 kB
AnonHugePages: 2482176 kB
CmaTotal: 0 kB
CmaFree: 0 kB
HugePages_Total: 0
HugePages_Free: 0
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB
DirectMap4k: 113516 kB
DirectMap2M: 12355584 kB
[5] lsblk
查看硬盘和分区分布
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 465.8G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 58G 0 part
├─cl-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm /
└─cl-swap 253:1 0 8G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
[6] fdisk -l
查看硬盘和分区的详细信息
磁盘 /dev/sda：500.1 GB, 500107862016 字节，976773168 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x00031a77
设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 1026047 512000 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 1026048 122677247 60825600 8e Linux LVM
磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-root：53.7 GB, 53687091200 字节，104857600 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节
磁盘 /dev/mapper/cl-swap：8589 MB, 8589934592 字节，16777216 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 4096 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：4096 字节 / 4096 字节
[7] mount | column -t
查看挂载点(OS目录)与分区的关联关系的状态
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=6077156k,nr_inodes=1519289,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,net_prio,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,pids)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel,hugetlb)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/mapper/cl-root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=24,pgrp=1,timeout=0,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct,pipe_ino=11076)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)
tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,seclabel)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw,relatime)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=1218892k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
fusectl on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw,relatime)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1000/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1000,group_id=1000)
tmpfs on /run/user/1001 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=1218892k,mode=700,uid=1001,gid=1001)
gvfsd-fuse on /run/user/1001/gvfs type fuse.gvfsd-fuse (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,user_id=1001,group_id=1001)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=1218892k,mode=700)
[8] df -hT
查看硬盘使用情况
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
devtmpfs devtmpfs 5.8G 0 5.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 31M 5.8G 1% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 19M 5.8G 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 0 5.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root xfs 50G 9.9G 41G 20% /
tmpfs tmpfs 5.9G 684K 5.9G 1% /tmp
/dev/sda1 xfs 494M 209M 286M 43% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 32K 1.2G 1% /run/user/1000
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 64K 1.2G 1% /run/user/1001
tmpfs tmpfs 1.2G 0 1.2G 0% /run/user/0
[9] lspci
查看pci信息，即 主板所有硬件槽信息
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 05)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 05)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev b5)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev b5)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev b5)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev b5)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 05)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation H61 Express Chipset LPC Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family 6 port Desktop SATA AHCI Controller (rev 05)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 05)
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 07)
03:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5229 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)
04:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8188EE Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)
[10] lspci | grep -i 'eth'
查看网卡硬件信息
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 07)
[11] ifconfig -a
查看系统的所有网络接口 --方式1
enp2s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 10.0.11.143 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.0.11.255
inet6 fe80::225:abff:fe7b:350f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:25:ab:7b:35:0f txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 1956257 bytes 758582738 (723.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 1 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 577940 bytes 61943949 (59.0 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 378776 bytes 35602917 (33.9 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 378776 bytes 35602917 (33.9 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
wlp4s0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 0e:f1:0d:bc:25:10 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
[12] ip link show
查看系统的所有网络接口 --方式2
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: enp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:25:ab:7b:35:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: wlp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
link/ether 0e:f1:0d:bc:25:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[13] ip addr
查看系统的所有网络接口 --方式3
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp2s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:25:ab:7b:35:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.11.143/24 brd 10.0.11.255 scope global noprefixroute enp2s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::225:abff:fe7b:350f/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: wlp4s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 0e:f1:0d:bc:25:10 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
[14] ethtool eth0
查看某个网络接口的详细信息，例如:eth0的详细参数和指标
Link detected: yes # 表示有网线连接，和路由是通的
Duplex: Full # 全双工
Settings for enp2s0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: No
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Supported FEC modes: Not reported
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: No
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
Link partner advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Link partner advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Link partner advertised FEC modes: Not reported
Speed: 100Mb/s
Duplex: Full
Port: MII
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: d
Current message level: 0x00000033 (51)
drv probe ifdown ifup
Link detected: yes