http://ruby-metaprogramming.rubylearning.com/html/ruby_metaprogramming_2.html
http://galeki.is-programmer.com/posts/183.html
1.3.2 send
send( ) is an instance method of the Object class. The first argument to send( ) is the message that you're sending to the object - that is, the name of a method. You can use a string or a symbol, but symbols are preferred. Any remaining arguments are simply passed on to the method.
class Rubyist def welcome(*args) "Welcome " + args.join(' ') end end obj = Rubyist.new puts(obj.send(:welcome, "famous", "Rubyists")) # => Welcome famous Rubyists
With send( ), the name of the method that you want to call becomes just a regular argument. You can wait literally until the very last moment to decide which method to call, while the code is running.
class Rubyist end rubyist = Rubyist.new if rubyist.respond_to?(:also_railist) puts rubyist.send(:also_railist) else puts "No such information available" end
In the code above, if the rubyist object knows what to do with :also_railist, you hand the rubyist the message and let it do its thing.
You can call any method with send( ), including private methods.
class Rubyist private def say_hello(name) "#{name} rocks!!" end end obj = Rubyist.new puts obj.send( :say_hello, 'Matz')
Note:
- Unlike send(), public_send() calls public methods only.
- Similar to send(), we also have an instance method __send()__ of the BasicObject class.
如同其他的OO语言一样,在ruby中,通过给对象发送消息,来完成对象的功能,比如 str.upcase ,就是给str发送upcase的消息,点操作符(.),就是用来给对象发送消息的,str接受到消息,然后执行与消息对应的功能。
但是,某些时候,我们并不知道对象能响应哪些消息,比如下面的代码就会产生错误:
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> obj = Object.new
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> obj.talk
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undefined method 'talk' for #<Object:0x12345678> (NoMethodError)
因为obj对象没法响应talk这个消息,如果使用 respond_to? 这个方法,就可以实现判断对象能否响应给定的消息了:
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obj = Object.new
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if obj.respond_to?("talk")
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obj.talk
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else
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puts "Sorry, object can't talk!"
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end
这样即使obj不能响应talk,也不会使代码产生错误退出,我们也可以应用 respond_to? 方法,根据对象的属性,在程序运行时灵活的控制。
与 respond_to? 相对应,send 方法和点操作符一样,用来给对象发送消息,比如文章开始的 str.upcase ,用 send 可以写成 str.send("upcase"),它们实现的功能是完全相同的,那么为什么还要用send呢?
这是因为,send 发送的消息,在程序运行时是可变的,我们可以根据不同的输入,动态的向对象发送不同的消息。
比如一个图书管理系统,每本书都有诸如作者、出版社、日期、价钱这些,我们要根据用户的输入查询某本书的属性,如果不用send,我们要对程序的输入做一个一个的测试:
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print "Search for: "
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request = gets.chomp
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if request == "writer"
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puts book.writer
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elsif request == "press"
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puts book.press
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elseif request == "date"
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puts book.date
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......
如果用send方法的话,就简单多了:
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request = gets.chomp
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if book.respond_to?(request)
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puts book.send(request)
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else
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puts "Input error"
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end
这样不用在逐个对用户的输入进行测试,只要查询对象能否相应这个消息,再用send将输入直接发送给对象即可。
通过 respond_to? 和 send 这两个方法,我们可以构造更灵活和稳定的程序。