RMAN Catalog创建、配置和管理

环境：RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4

一、创建数据库catdb

• 1.1 官档的建库脚本示例
• 1.2 根据我实际环境修改如下项
• 1.3 创建必要目录并赋予权限
• 1.4 执行脚本建库

二、配置catdb为catalog数据库

• 2.1 创建表空间
• 2.2 创建用户
• 2.3 创建CATALOG
• 2.4 目标数据库注册到CATALOG

三、管理catalog数据库

• 3.1 创建和管理VPC
• 3.2 创建和管理存储脚本
• 3.3 删除恢复目录
• 3.4 更新恢复目录

四、Reference

一、创建数据库catdb

1.1 官档的建库脚本示例

``` CREATE DATABASE mynewdb USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/logs/my/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u01/logs/my/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/u01/logs/my/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET US7ASCII NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; ```

1.2 根据我实际环境修改如下项

``` sys_password -> oracle system_password -> oracle US7ASCII -> ZHS16GBK mynewdb -> catdb /u01/logs/my -> /u01/redologs/a /u02/logs/my -> /u01/redologs/b /u01/app/oracle/oradata -> /u01/oradata03 ``` 可以vi批量替换,比如`:%s#/u01/logs/my#/u01/redologs/a#g`替换所有`/u01/logs/my`为`/u01/redologs/a`。 修改完如下: vi /home/oracle/create_db.sql ``` CREATE DATABASE catdb USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/redologs/a/redo01a.log','/u01/redologs/b/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 2 ('/u01/redologs/a/redo02a.log','/u01/redologs/b/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512, GROUP 3 ('/u01/redologs/a/redo03a.log','/u01/redologs/b/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512 MAXLOGFILES 5 MAXLOGMEMBERS 5 MAXLOGHISTORY 1 MAXDATAFILES 100 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16 EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE DEFAULT TABLESPACE users DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/users01.dbf' SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1 TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/temp01.dbf' SIZE 20M REUSE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/undotbs01.dbf' SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED; ```

1.3 创建必要目录并赋予权限

``` #redologs和datafiles mkdir -p /u01/redologs/a && mkdir -p /u01/redologs/b && mkdir -p /u01/oradata03/catdb chown oracle:oinstall /u01/redologs/a /u01/redologs/b /u01/oradata03/catdb #controlfiles mkdir -p /u01/system/catdb && mkdir -p /u02/system/catdb && mkdir -p /u03/system/catdb chown oracle:oinstall /u01/system/catdb /u02/system/catdb /u03/system/catdb ```

1.4 执行脚本建库

### 1.4.1 声明ORACLE_SID变量 ### ``` export ORACLE_SID=catdb ``` ### 1.4.2 编辑初始化参数文件 ### vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora ``` DB_NAME=catdb CONTROL_FILES=('/u01/system/catdb/control01.ctl','/u02/system/catdb/control02.ctl','/u03/system/catdb/control03.ctl') MEMORY_TARGET=1G ``` ### 1.4.3 创建服务器参数文件并启动实例 ### 创建服务器参数文件,以服务器参数文件启动数据库 ``` SQL> create spfile from pfile; SQL> startup nomount ``` ### 1.4.4 运行建库脚本建库 ### ``` SQL> @/home/oracle/create_db.sql

Database created.

然后执行以下脚本:

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
conn system/oracle
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

### 1.4.5 配置tnsnames.ora ###

CATDB =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB02)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = catdb)
)
)

<h1 id="2">二、配置catdb为catalog数据库</h1>
<h2 id="2.1">2.1 创建表空间</h2>

CREATE TABLESPACE TOOLS DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/tools.dbf' SIZE 15M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 15M MAXSIZE 1500M;

<h2 id="2.2">2.2 创建用户</h2>

CREATE USER rman IDENTIFIED BY rman
TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
DEFAULT TABLESPACE tools
QUOTA UNLIMITED ON tools;

GRANT RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER TO rman;

<h2 id="2.3">2.3 创建CATALOG</h2>

$ rman catalog rman/rman
RMAN> CREATE CATALOG;

<h2 id="2.4">2.4 目标数据库注册到CATALOG</h2>
在目标数据库执行:

rman TARGET / CATALOG rman@catdb
REGISTER DATABASE;

<h1 id="3">三、管理catalog数据库</h1>
<h2 id="3.1">3.1 创建和管理VPC(virtual private catalogs)</h2>
### 3.1.1 创建表空间，用户，赋权 ###

create tablespace vpcusers datafile '/u01/oradata03/catdb/vpcusers01.dbf' size 30M autoextend on maxsize 300M;
CREATE USER vpc1 IDENTIFIED BY vpc1 DEFAULT TABLESPACE vpcusers QUOTA UNLIMITED ON vpcusers;
GRANT recovery_catalog_owner TO vpc1;

### 3.1.2 恢复目录所有者RMAN登录赋予vpc1用户注册数据库权限 ###

$ rman catalog rman/rman@catdb
RMAN> GRANT REGISTER DATABASE TO vpc1;

### 3.1.3 虚拟专用目录RMAN登录创建虚拟CATALOG ###

RMAN> CONNECT CATALOG vpc1@catdb;
RMAN> CREATE VIRTUAL CATALOG;

如果是10.2版本或更早,需要SQL下执行存储过程创建：

SQL> EXECUTE base_catalog_owner.DBMS_RCVCAT.CREATE_VIRTUAL_CATALOG;

### 3.1.4 恢复目录所有者RMAN登录赋予vpc1用户已注册数据库的访问权限 ###

$ rman catalog rman/rman@catdb
RMAN> GRANT CATALOG FOR DATABASE jingyu TO vpc1;

<h2 id="3.2">3.2 创建和管理存储脚本</h2>
首先连接到目标数据库和恢复目录。
### 3.2.1 创建全局脚本 ###

CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup
{
BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
DELETE OBSOLETE;
}

你可以创建脚本时同时加上描述性的注释,比如：

CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup
COMMENT 'use only with ARCHIVELOG mode databases'
{
BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
DELETE OBSOLETE;
}

### 3.2.2 创建本地脚本 ###

CREATE SCRIPT full_backup
{
BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
DELETE OBSOLETE;
}

创建脚本还可以从已有脚本文本文件获取：

CREATE SCRIPT full_backup
FROM FILE '/tmp/my_script_file.txt';

### 3.2.3 替换存储脚本 ###

REPLACE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup
COMMENT 'A script for full backup to be used with any database'
{
BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
}

### 3.2.4 执行存储脚本 ###

RUN
{
EXECUTE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup;
}

RUN
{
EXECUTE SCRIPT global_full_backup;
}

如果没有本地脚本是global_full_backup这个名字，那么上面两个命令效果一样，如果有，那么第二个命令则会优先执行本地脚本。
### 3.2.5 创建和管理动态存储脚本 ###
登录RMAN

rman TARGET / CATALOG rman@catdb USING arc_backup bck0906 FY06Q3

创建动态存储脚本：

CREATE SCRIPT quarterly {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1
DEVICE TYPE sbt
PARMS 'ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=&1)';
BACKUP
TAG &2
FORMAT '/disk2/bck/&1%U.bck'
KEEP FOREVER
RESTORE POINT &3
DATABASE;
}

替换成符合我实际环境可执行的：

Replace SCRIPT quarterly {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1
DEVICE TYPE disk;
BACKUP
TAG '&2'
FORMAT '/u01/jingyu/&1%U.bck'
KEEP FOREVER
RESTORE POINT '&3'
DATABASE;
}

执行：

RUN
{
EXECUTE SCRIPT quarterly
USING arc_backup
bck1206
FY06Q4;
}

### 3.2.6 打印存储脚本 ###
打印存储脚本：

PRINT SCRIPT full_backup;

打印内容发送到脚本：

PRINT SCRIPT full_backup
TO FILE '/tmp/my_script_file.txt';

<h2 id="3.3">3.3 删除恢复目录</h2>
连接到catalog，执行删除（两次确认）。

RMAN> drop catalog;
RMAN> drop catalog;

<h2 id="3.4">3.4 更新恢复目录</h2>
比如RMAN恢复目录版本是10g，那么11g版本的RMAN客户端需要升级更新本地包和模式。
如果你10gR1版本之前创建的恢复目录, 并且RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER角色不包含CREATE TYPE权限,那么需要赋予CREATE TYPE的权限给恢复目录所有者。

SQL> GRANT CREATE TYPE TO rman;

升级catalog（两次确认）：

RMAN> upgrade catalog;
RMAN> upgrade catalog;

<h1 id="4">四、Reference</h1>
- Oracle® Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2)
- OCP 认证考试指南 (1Z0-053)[M]. 清华大学出版社, 2010.