OEL上使用yum install oracle-validated 简化主机配置工作

环境：OEL 5.7 + Oracle 10.2.0.5 RAC

如果你正在用OEL（Oracle Enterprise Linux）系统部署Oracle，那么可以使用yum安装oracle-validated包来简化主机配置的部分工作。

配置好yum本地源后，直接执行一条命令

yum install oracle-validated

检查发现它会自动做以下几件事：
1）安装oracle依赖包
2）/etc/sysctl.conf 增加oracle用户内容
3）/etc/security/limits.conf 增加oracle用户内容
4）创建Oracle 用户和相关组
这极大的简化了系统主机配置阶段我们要做的工作内容。
当然我们需要根据实际情况最好要确认/etc/sysctl.conf /etc/security/limits.conf内容合理性。

1. 安装oracle依赖包

yum install oracle-validated ``` [root@oradb28 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with ULN. ULN support will be disabled. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package oracle-validated.x86_64 0:1.1.0-14.el5 set to be updated ISO/filelists | 3.1 MB 00:00 --> Processing Dependency: gdb for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: sysstat for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: unixODBC-devel for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34-c++ for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-redhat-linux/4.1.1/libstdc++.a for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbc.so.1 for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: compat-gcc-34 for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libc.so for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libaio.so for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib64/libc.so for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: /usr/lib/libodbccr.so for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: libXp.so.6 for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: libdb-4.2.so()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated --> Processing Dependency: libodbc.so.1()(64bit) for package: oracle-validated --> Running transaction check ---> Package compat-db.x86_64 0:4.2.52-5.1 set to be updated ---> Package compat-gcc-34.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1 set to be updated ---> Package compat-gcc-34-c++.x86_64 0:3.4.6-4.1 set to be updated ---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated --> Processing Dependency: elfutils-libelf-devel-static-x86_64 = 0.137-3.el5 for package: elfutils-libelf-devel ---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated ---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated ---> Package gdb.x86_64 0:7.0.1-37.el5 set to be updated ---> Package glibc-devel.i386 0:2.5-65 set to be updated ---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.5-65 set to be updated ---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.5-65 set to be updated ---> Package kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek set to be updated ---> Package libXp.i386 0:1.0.0-8.1.el5 set to be updated ---> Package libaio-devel.i386 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated ---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.106-5 set to be updated ---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.1.2-51.el5 set to be updated ---> Package sysstat.x86_64 0:7.0.2-11.el5 set to be updated ---> Package unixODBC.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated ---> Package unixODBC.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated ---> Package unixODBC-devel.i386 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated ---> Package unixODBC-devel.x86_64 0:2.2.11-7.1 set to be updated --> Running transaction check ---> Package elfutils-libelf-devel-static.x86_64 0:0.137-3.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size

Installing:
oracle-validated x86_64 1.1.0-14.el5 ISO 24 k
Installing for dependencies:
compat-db x86_64 4.2.52-5.1 ISO 1.6 M
compat-gcc-34 x86_64 3.4.6-4.1 ISO 4.3 M
compat-gcc-34-c++ x86_64 3.4.6-4.1 ISO 13 M
elfutils-libelf-devel x86_64 0.137-3.el5 ISO 24 k
elfutils-libelf-devel-static x86_64 0.137-3.el5 ISO 64 k
gcc x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 ISO 5.3 M
gcc-c++ x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 ISO 3.8 M
gdb x86_64 7.0.1-37.el5 ISO 2.4 M
glibc-devel i386 2.5-65 ISO 2.0 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.5-65 ISO 2.4 M
glibc-headers x86_64 2.5-65 ISO 594 k
kernel-uek-headers x86_64 2.6.32-200.13.1.el5uek ISO 724 k
libXp i386 1.0.0-8.1.el5 ISO 22 k
libaio-devel i386 0.3.106-5 ISO 12 k
libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.106-5 ISO 11 k
libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.1.2-51.el5 ISO 2.8 M
sysstat x86_64 7.0.2-11.el5 ISO 187 k
unixODBC i386 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 830 k
unixODBC x86_64 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 835 k
unixODBC-devel i386 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 743 k
unixODBC-devel x86_64 2.2.11-7.1 ISO 799 k

Transaction Summary

Install 22 Package(s)
Upgrade 0 Package(s)

Total download size: 42 M
...这里省略后面安装的输出提示，按提示输入y直接安装即可。

<h1 id="2">2. /etc/sysctl.conf 增加oracle用户内容</h1>
cat /etc/sysctl.conf 确认如下是自动增加的内容：

For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for fs.file-max is 6815744

For 10g, uncomment 'fs.file-max = 327679', and comment 'fs.file-max = 6553600' entry and re-run sysctl -p

fs.file-max = 327679

fs.file-max = 6815744

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmni is 2878

kernel.msgmni = 2878

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmax is 8192

kernel.msgmax = 8192

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.msgmnb is 65536

kernel.msgmnb = 65536

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 142'

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 142

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096

kernel.shmmni = 4096

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824

kernel.shmall = 1073741824

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64 and 4294967295 on i386 architecture. Refer Note id 567506.1

kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104

Oracle-Validated setting for kernel.sysrq is 1

kernel.sysrq = 1

Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304

For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.rmem_max = 2097152', comment 'net.core.rmem_max = 4194304' entry and re-run sysctl -p

net.core.rmem_max = 2097152

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576

For 10g, uncomment 'net.core.wmem_max = 262144', comment 'net.core.wmem_max = 1048576' entry for this parameter and re-run sysctl -p

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

Oracle-Validated setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 3145728

fs.aio-max-nr = 3145728

For 11g, Oracle-Validated setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500

For 10g, uncomment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000', comment 'net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500' entry and re-run sysctl -p

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

Oracle-Validated setting for vm.min_free_kbytes is 51200 to avoid OOM killer

vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200

可以看到每条内核参数都有清晰明了的注释，我这里是安装10g RAC，那么就按照注释说明，将那些For 10g的参数启用即可。

<h1 id="3">3. /etc/security/limits.conf 增加oracle用户内容</h1>
cat /etc/security/limits.conf 确认如下是自动增加的内容：

Oracle-Validated setting for nofile soft limit is 131072

oracle soft nofile 131072

Oracle-Validated setting for nofile hard limit is 131072

oracle hard nofile 131072

Oracle-Validated setting for nproc soft limit is 131072

oracle soft nproc 131072

Oracle-Validated setting for nproc hard limit is 131072

oracle hard nproc 131072

Oracle-Validated setting for core soft limit is unlimited

oracle soft core unlimited

Oracle-Validated setting for core hard limit is unlimited

oracle hard core unlimited

Oracle-Validated setting for memlock soft limit is 50000000

oracle soft memlock 50000000

Oracle-Validated setting for memlock hard limit is 50000000

oracle hard memlock 50000000

由于我接下来要安装Oracle10g RAC，只用到一个oracle用户，所以这里不需要修改，如果你装的是11g RAC，则需要手工添加grid用户的资源使用限制条目。

<h1 id="4">4. 创建Oracle 用户和相关组</h1>
查看已经创建了oracle用户，组oinstall和dba

[root@oradb28 cdrom]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh

安装RAC需要确定各节点oracle用户和组的uid，gid保持一致，由于它自动生成的uid和gid的对应数字很大，所以一般都一致。

这样一来，在OEL系统上安装Oracle前的主机配置系列工作将得到简化，我们不必再去过多的考虑需要哪些依赖包和内核参数设置的问题了。