DirectX9:基础篇 第六章 颜色

一.D3DXCOLOR(颜色结构体)

//全局颜色常量
 
namespace d3d{
 
    ...
    const D3DXCOLOR WHITE(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,255,255));
    const D3DXCOLOR BLACK(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,0));
    const D3DXCOLOR RED(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,0,0));
    const D3DXCOLOR GREEN(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,255,0));
    const D3DXCOLOR BLUE(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,0,255));
    const D3DXCOLOR YELLOW(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,255,0));
    const D3DXCOLOR CYAN(D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0,255,255));
    const D3DXCOLOR MAGENTA(D3DXCOLOR_XRGB(255,0,255));
}

D3DCOLOR color=D3DCOLOR_ARGB(255,255,0);
D3DCOLOR_XRGB();

二.D3DCOLORVALUE(颜色类)

D3DCOLORVALUE相比D3DXCOLOR,不仅拥有相同的数据成员,还提供了一组有用的构造函数和重载运算符,为颜色的运算提供了便利.

typedef struct D3DXCOLOR{
#ifdef __cplusplus
public:
    D3DXCOLOR(){}
    D3DXCOLOR(DWORD argb);
    D3DXCOLOR(CONST FLOAT* );
    D3DXCOLOR(CONST D3DXFLOAT16* );
    D3DXCOLOR(CONST D3DXCOLORVALUE& );
    D3DXCOLOR(FLOAT r,FLOAT g,FLOAT b,FLOAT a);
 
    //casting
    operator DWORD () const;
    operator FLOAT* ();
    operator CONST FLOAT* () const;
 
    operator D3DCOLORVALUE* ();
    operator CONST D3DCOLORVALUE* () const;
 
    operator D3DCOLORVALUE& ();
    operator CONST D3DCOLORVALUE& () const;
 
    D3DXCOLOR& operator += (CONST D3DXCOLOR& );
    D3DXCOLOR& operator -= (CONST D3DXCOLOR& );
    D3DXCOLOR& operator *= (FLOAT);
    D3DXCOLOR& operator /= (FLOAT);
 
    D3DXCOLOR operator + () const;
    D3DXCOLOR operator - () const;
 
    D3DXCOLOR operator + (CONST D3DXCOLOR& ) const;
    D3DXCOLOR operator - (CONST D3DXCOLOR& ) const;
    D3DXCOLOR operator * (FLOAT) const;
    D3DXCOLOR operator / (FLOAT) const;
 
    friend D3DXCOLOR operator * (FLOAT,CONST D3DXCOLOR& );
    BOOL operator == (CONST D3DXCOLOR& ) const;
    BOOL operator != (CONST D3DXCOLOR& ) const;
 
#endif //__cplusplus
 
    FLOAT r,g,b,a;       
}D3DXCOLOR,*LPD3DXCOLOR;

三.像素格式

typedef enum _D3DFORMAT
{
    D3DFMT_UNKNOWN              =  0,
 
    D3DFMT_R8G8B8               = 20,
    D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8             = 21,
    D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8             = 22,
    D3DFMT_R5G6B5               = 23,
    D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5             = 24,
    D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5             = 25,
    D3DFMT_A4R4G4B4             = 26,
    D3DFMT_R3G3B2               = 27,
    D3DFMT_A8                   = 28,
    D3DFMT_A8R3G3B2             = 29,
    D3DFMT_X4R4G4B4             = 30,
    D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10          = 31,
    D3DFMT_A8B8G8R8             = 32,
    D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8             = 33,
    D3DFMT_G16R16               = 34,
    D3DFMT_A2R10G10B10          = 35,
    D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16         = 36,
 
    D3DFMT_A8P8                 = 40,
    D3DFMT_P8                   = 41,
 
    D3DFMT_L8                   = 50,
    D3DFMT_A8L8                 = 51,
    D3DFMT_A4L4                 = 52,
 
    D3DFMT_V8U8                 = 60,
    D3DFMT_L6V5U5               = 61,
    D3DFMT_X8L8V8U8             = 62,
    D3DFMT_Q8W8V8U8             = 63,
    D3DFMT_V16U16               = 64,
    D3DFMT_A2W10V10U10          = 67,
 
    D3DFMT_UYVY                 = MAKEFOURCC('U', 'Y', 'V', 'Y'),
    D3DFMT_R8G8_B8G8            = MAKEFOURCC('R', 'G', 'B', 'G'),
    D3DFMT_YUY2                 = MAKEFOURCC('Y', 'U', 'Y', '2'),
    D3DFMT_G8R8_G8B8            = MAKEFOURCC('G', 'R', 'G', 'B'),
    D3DFMT_DXT1                 = MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '1'),
    D3DFMT_DXT2                 = MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '2'),
    D3DFMT_DXT3                 = MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '3'),
    D3DFMT_DXT4                 = MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '4'),
    D3DFMT_DXT5                 = MAKEFOURCC('D', 'X', 'T', '5'),
 
    D3DFMT_D16_LOCKABLE         = 70,
    D3DFMT_D32                  = 71,
    D3DFMT_D15S1                = 73,
    D3DFMT_D24S8                = 75,
    D3DFMT_D24X8                = 77,
    D3DFMT_D24X4S4              = 79,
    D3DFMT_D16                  = 80,
 
    D3DFMT_D32F_LOCKABLE        = 82,
    D3DFMT_D24FS8               = 83,
 
 
    D3DFMT_L16                  = 81,
 
    D3DFMT_VERTEXDATA           =100,
    D3DFMT_INDEX16              =101,
    D3DFMT_INDEX32              =102,
 
    D3DFMT_Q16W16V16U16         =110,
 
    D3DFMT_MULTI2_ARGB8         = MAKEFOURCC('M','E','T','1'),
 
    // Floating point surface formats
 
    // s10e5 formats (16-bits per channel)
    D3DFMT_R16F                 = 111,
    D3DFMT_G16R16F              = 112,
    D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F        = 113,
 
    // IEEE s23e8 formats (32-bits per channel)
    D3DFMT_R32F                 = 114,
    D3DFMT_G32R32F              = 115,
    D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F        = 116,
 
    D3DFMT_CxV8U8               = 117,
 
 
    D3DFMT_FORCE_DWORD          =0x7fffffff
} D3DFORMAT;

四.着色处理

着色处理发生在光栅化和指定图元上的顶点颜色计算成像素颜色

1.平面着色(flat shading)

平面着色的像素颜色是均匀的,就是指定图元第一个顶点的颜色,这样第二个和第三个顶点也都是相同的颜色

Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_FLAT);

2.高洛德着色(Gouraud shading)

高洛德着色也成为平滑着色,指定是图元表面的颜色是由每个顶点通过线性插值来赋予的

Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);

五.例子

#include "d3dUtility.h"
 
 
 
IDirect3DDevice9* Device = 0; 
 
const int Width  = 640;
const int Height = 480;
 
D3DXMATRIX WorldMatrix;
 
IDirect3DVertexBuffer9* Triangle = 0;
 
 
struct ColorVertex
{
	ColorVertex(){}
 
	ColorVertex(float x, float y, float z, D3DCOLOR c)
	{
		_x = x;	 _y = y;  _z = z;  _color = c;
	}
 
	float _x, _y, _z;
	D3DCOLOR _color;
 
	static const DWORD FVF;
};
const DWORD ColorVertex::FVF = D3DFVF_XYZ | D3DFVF_DIFFUSE;
 
 
bool Setup()
{
	
        //
        // 只有一个三角形顶点缓存 
        //   
    
	Device->CreateVertexBuffer(
		3 * sizeof(ColorVertex), 
		D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
		ColorVertex::FVF,
		D3DPOOL_MANAGED,
		&Triangle,
		0);
 
	
 
	ColorVertex* v;
	Triangle->Lock(0, 0, (void**)&v, 0);
 
	v[0] = ColorVertex(-1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(255,   0,   0));
	v[1] = ColorVertex( 0.0f, 1.0f, 2.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(  0, 255,   0));
	v[2] = ColorVertex( 1.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(  0,   0, 255));
 
	Triangle->Unlock();
 
 
	D3DXMATRIX proj;
	D3DXMatrixPerspectiveFovLH(
		&proj,
		D3DX_PI * 0.5f, // 90 - degree
		(float)Width / (float)Height,
		1.0f,
		1000.0f);
	Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &proj);
 
	//
	// 关闭灯光
	//
 
	Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, false);
 
	return true;
}
 
void Cleanup()
{
	d3d::Release<IDirect3DVertexBuffer9*>(Triangle);
}
 
bool Display(float timeDelta)
{
	if( Device )
	{
		Device->Clear(0, 0, D3DCLEAR_TARGET | D3DCLEAR_ZBUFFER, 0xffffffff, 1.0f, 0);
		Device->BeginScene();
 
		Device->SetFVF(ColorVertex::FVF);
		Device->SetStreamSource(0, Triangle, 0, sizeof(ColorVertex));
 
                //
		// 画第一个三角形
                //
 
		D3DXMatrixTranslation(&WorldMatrix, -1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
		Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &WorldMatrix);
 
                // 平面着色
		Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_FLAT);
		Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1);
 
                //
		// 画第二个三角形
                //
 
		D3DXMatrixTranslation(&WorldMatrix, 1.25f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
		Device->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &WorldMatrix);
 
                // 高洛德着色
		Device->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);
		Device->DrawPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST, 0, 1);
 
		Device->EndScene();
		Device->Present(0, 0, 0, 0);
	}
	return true;
}
 
 
//
// WndProc
//
LRESULT CALLBACK d3d::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
	switch( msg )
	{
	case WM_DESTROY:
		::PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
 
	case WM_KEYDOWN:
		if( wParam == VK_ESCAPE )
			::DestroyWindow(hwnd);
		break;
	}
	return ::DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
 
//
// WinMain
//
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hinstance,
	HINSTANCE prevInstance, 
	PSTR cmdLine,
	int showCmd)
{
	if(!d3d::InitD3D(hinstance,
		Width, Height, true, D3DDEVTYPE_HAL, &Device))
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "InitD3D() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return 0;
	}
 
	if(!Setup())
	{
		::MessageBox(0, "Setup() - FAILED", 0, 0);
		return 0;
	}
 
	d3d::EnterMsgLoop( Display );
 
	Cleanup();
 
	Device->Release();
 
	return 0;
}